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Kelly Korreck SWEAP Science and Operations Lead Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [email_address] Exploring the Sun Up Close:   The Solar Wind Electron, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) Instrument Suite aboard Solar Probe Plus
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SOLAR PHYSICS BACKGROUND AND UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
 
Why is the Sun yellow? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is there anything above the surface?
THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE ,[object Object]
How can you see the solar corona? ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solar eclipse, as seen from the International Space Station over Turkey, March 2006
Druckmuller, Aniol, Rusin
SOLAR MYSTERIES ,[object Object]
The Scale Height Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Matter or High Temperature? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence for a hot corona ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modern Images of the Hot Corona
Modern Artificial Eclipses
Going into the Eclipse Solar Probe Plus closest approach
SOLAR PROBE PLUS MISSION  ,[object Object]
The Rationale for Solar Probe Plus  is Five Decades Old ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Spacecraft  SPC SPAN-A FIELDS WISPR SPAN-B ISIS
SPP Instrument Suites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Final Orbit Near-Sun Trajectory
MEASUREMENTS NEEDED
FIELDS Measurements Magnetic measurements that hints at the heating of the solar corona and acceleration of the solar wind  Bruno & Carbone 2006
ISIS Energetic Particle Suite ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ISIS EPI-Lo EPI-Hi
Wide field Imager for Solar Probe ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Characteristic  Value Image Type White Light Broadband Aperture and Focal Length 3.78 cm diameter, 1.78 cm focal length Spatial Resolution 6.25 arc min Maximum Cadence – Full Frame <2 min Sensor APS – new design Format 2K x 2K, 10 µ square
Overview of STEREO’s Heliospheric Imager
WISPR Observations ,[object Object],[object Object],Polar Wind
SWEAP INSTRUMENT SUITE ,[object Object]
The Role of SWEAP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overview – SWEAP Suite ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SPAN-B SPC Ram Direction SPAN-A
Overview – SWEAP Science (1/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NASA/SDO/AIA Reconnection? Wave/Turbulence? Hinode/XRT
Overview – SWEAP Science (2/4) SPP SPP Hinode/SOT G-band bright points SUMER/SOHO Helios & Ulysses UVCS/SOHO Undamped (WKB) waves Damped (non-WKB)waves
Overview – SWEAP Science (3/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overview – SWEAP Science (4/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NASA/SDO/AIA Flare and corona mass ejection
WHAT SWEAP MEASUREMENTS DO WE NEED TO SOLVE SOLAR MYSTERIES?  ,[object Object]
Kinetic Physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Background: Physics of a Classical Gas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A gas of particles Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (the Bell Curve) Relative number of particles Speed
SWEAP Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Speed # of Particles density velocity (speed and direction) temperature   Hydrogen (protons) Helium (alphas)
SPC Operating Principle HV Grid Four collector plates HV Waveform AC-Coupled Current Convert signal to voltage and amplify Measure amplitude with digital lock-in amplifier Move on to next energy window
SPAN Operating Principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Symmetry axis Deflectors Curved Plates
SWEAP TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS ,[object Object]
The Faraday Cup on Voyager I & II Star Trek: The Motion Picture
Faraday Cups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPC Technology Advancement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
You can clearly see the furnace from the highway.
Solar Furnace The control room we were in where you steer the mirrors The laboratory with the vacuum chamber The focusing parabola The mirrors The “iris”: a pair of doors that open and close to adjust the amount of sunlight that hits the chamber
This is the view from the operations center.  At the moment the mirrors are all stowed pointing straight forward.
In this example, the center 32 mirrors have just been commanded to move from standby to projecting the Sun onto the focusing parabola.  As the mirrors tilt downward, the Sun shines into the window of the control center and then to the center of the parabola.  The light is bright but not dangerous because we are not at any kind of focus.  This entire sequence of images took place in less than 60 seconds.
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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What is Artificial Intelligence?????????
 

Spp sweap nes_osa_oct2011

  • 1. Kelly Korreck SWEAP Science and Operations Lead Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [email_address] Exploring the Sun Up Close: The Solar Wind Electron, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) Instrument Suite aboard Solar Probe Plus
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  • 3. SOLAR PHYSICS BACKGROUND AND UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
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  • 6. Is there anything above the surface?
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  • 10. Solar eclipse, as seen from the International Space Station over Turkey, March 2006
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  • 16. Modern Images of the Hot Corona
  • 18. Going into the Eclipse Solar Probe Plus closest approach
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  • 21. The Spacecraft SPC SPAN-A FIELDS WISPR SPAN-B ISIS
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  • 24. Final Orbit Near-Sun Trajectory
  • 26. FIELDS Measurements Magnetic measurements that hints at the heating of the solar corona and acceleration of the solar wind Bruno & Carbone 2006
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  • 29. Overview of STEREO’s Heliospheric Imager
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  • 35. Overview – SWEAP Science (2/4) SPP SPP Hinode/SOT G-band bright points SUMER/SOHO Helios & Ulysses UVCS/SOHO Undamped (WKB) waves Damped (non-WKB)waves
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  • 42. SPC Operating Principle HV Grid Four collector plates HV Waveform AC-Coupled Current Convert signal to voltage and amplify Measure amplitude with digital lock-in amplifier Move on to next energy window
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  • 45. The Faraday Cup on Voyager I & II Star Trek: The Motion Picture
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  • 49. You can clearly see the furnace from the highway.
  • 50. Solar Furnace The control room we were in where you steer the mirrors The laboratory with the vacuum chamber The focusing parabola The mirrors The “iris”: a pair of doors that open and close to adjust the amount of sunlight that hits the chamber
  • 51. This is the view from the operations center. At the moment the mirrors are all stowed pointing straight forward.
  • 52. In this example, the center 32 mirrors have just been commanded to move from standby to projecting the Sun onto the focusing parabola. As the mirrors tilt downward, the Sun shines into the window of the control center and then to the center of the parabola. The light is bright but not dangerous because we are not at any kind of focus. This entire sequence of images took place in less than 60 seconds.
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