The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) architecture and topologies. It describes how IoT connects physical devices via the internet, enabling them to send and receive data. Key components include IoT devices, gateways that facilitate communication between devices and the cloud, and the IoT cloud platform that stores and processes device data. The document outlines common IoT architectures, technologies, protocols, issues, and provides examples of IoT applications.

1. Internet of Things ( IoT )
Architecture / Topology

2. What is IoT
• Important topic in technology industry
• Things will have full interconnectivity and
computational resource
• Interconnection of Physical Device via internet
• Enabling physical device to send and receive data
• Extending the connectivity beyond the LAN out to
WAN
• Advanced connectivity of devices, systems,
services
• Starting point of automation in nearly all domain

3. IoT Architecture
IoT
Device
IoT
Device
IoT
Device
IoT
Gateway
IoT
Cloud
Phone PC

4. IoT Solution
• Characterized by many devices / things
• Will use some form of Gateway to establish a
communication
• Information collection at backend server /
cloud.
• Collected information will be seen through
Web Client, Mobile Phone Applications.

5. IoT Domain / Areas
• Media
• Environmental Monitoring
• Identity & Tracking
• Farming
• Connected Car
• Energy Grid
• Logistics & Shipping
• Infrastructure Management
• Manufacturing
• Energy Management
• Medical and Healthcare
• Building and Home Automation
• Transportation
• Consumer Application

6. IoT Technologies
• Short Range Wireless
– Bluetooth Low Energy
– Near Field Communication
– RFID
– Thread
– WiFi, WiFi Direct. WiMAX
– Z-Wave, Zigbee
• Medium Range Wireless
– HaLow
– LTE, NB-IoT,
• Long Range Wireless
– LPWAN
– LoRA
– Very Small Aperture Terminal
– Cellular 2G, 3G, 4G Mobile Technologies
• Wired
– Serial Port, Ethernet, Firewire
– Power Line Communication

7. IoT Protocols – Some popular
• MQTT – Message Queueing Telemetry Transport
• CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol
• XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
• REST – Representation State Transfer
• SoAP – Simple Object Access Protocol
• Ethernet
• Node.js
• 6LowPAN, Zigbee
• HTTPS
• Bluetooth Low Energy Profiles
• IPv4 / IPv6, TCP, UDP
• WiFi

8. Open Standard - Model

9. IoT Device - Architecture
Communication
Protocols
Network Mgmt
Operating System
Remote
Mgmt
Hardware Abstraction Layer

10. IoT Device - Architecture
• Operating System
– Many IoT Device run bare metal firmware
– RTOS like mBed, freeRTOS
• Hardware Abstraction
– Provides access to Hardware features
– MCU, Flash, GPIO, Serial Interfaces and etc.
• Communication Support
– Wired / Wireless protocols like Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Zigbee,
Thread, CAN Bus, MQTT, CoAP, etc.
• Remote Management
– Upgrade firmware ( FOTA )
– Monitor the device

11. IoT Gateway
• Bridges communication IoT Devices and Cloud
• Forwards the data from devices to cloud
• Highly effective in terms of performance and
network utilization
• Pre processing of the information
– Message filtering & Aggregation
• Provides Storage solution
• Act as single point of access for monitoring
• Gathers all the necessary metrics from the
sensors

12. IoT Gateway - Architecture
Data Management &
Messaging
Communication
Protocols
Network Mgmt
Operating System
Remote
Mgmt

13. IoT Gateway - Architecture
• Operating System
– General purpose OS like Linux
• Run Time Environment
– Ability to run application code
– Allow application to be dynamically updated
• Communication & Connectivity
– Support different connectivity protocols
– Ensures reliability, security of the communications
• Data Management & Messaging
– Network latency, Offline mode, Real Time analytics
– Forward device data in consistent manner
• Remote Management
– Remotely configure, provision
– Startup / Shutdown the gateways

14. IoT Gateway – Need / No Need
• Need
– When IoT device uses non internet based
technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, BLE
• No Need
– If IoT device uses internet based technologies. But
not all cases
– IoT Single / Separate Devices
– Devices which are not a static

15. IoT Cloud
• Store and process the IoT data
• Capable to consume / process the data generated by
devices, sensors, websites, application, smart
phones.
• Provides user friendly interaction for person, without
requiring technical expertise or services.
• Contains application, infrastructure, service provider
• Web application UI
• Business logic layer with real time updates
• Device data, registry and management

16. IoT Cloud - Architecture
Operating System / Platform As A Service
Device Registry
Device Mgmt
Data Mgmt
Event Mgmt & UI
Application
Connectivity
MessageRouting

17. IoT Cloud - Architecture
• Connectivity and Message Routing
• Device Management
• Device Registry
• Data Management
• Event Management
• Analytics and User Interface
• Application Enablement

18. Interoperable Functionality
• Security
– Secure communication implementation
– Authentication, Encryption and Authorization
• Ontologies
– Format and description of device data
– Define ontologies and metadata across different
domains.
• Development Tools and SDK
– Different Hardware Platform
– Software Platform with Drivers & Communication
protocol stack

19. IoT Issues
• Security
• Economy and Development Issues
• Privacy
• Interoperability / Standards
• Legal, Regulatory and Rights

20. How to secure
• Vulnerable to physical tampering
• Private Key & Public Key Encryption
• Secure Socket Layer like HTTPS, SSL, TLS

21. IoT – Open Source Software
• IoT Device Operating System
– RIOT, FreeRTOS, Zephyr, mBed.
• Edje – Device Hardware Abstraction
• Wakaama - Device Management & Communication
• Paho – Device Communication
• Kura – Middle ware for IoT Gateways
• Machhina.IO – Middleware for IoT Gateway
• Eclipse Smart Home – IoT Gateway for smart home
• Equinox – Runtime Environment
• Kaa – Open source IoT platform
• 4DIAC – industrial grade open source infrastructure

22. Commercial IoT Cloud
• Amazon Web Services IoT
• Windows IoT
• Google Cloud IoT
• Salesforce IoT cloud
• Technologies
– Big Data - Hadoop

23. Hardware Platform
• Raspberry PI 3
• Pine A64
• Marsboard
• Arduino
• ESP32 – Wireless / BTLE
• ESP8266 – Wireless
• XBee – Zigbee
• Gateway Simulators

24. Some IoT Applications
• Smart Grid
• Smart Watch
• Smart HD Video Door Bell
• Smart Home Automation
• Smart Shopping
• Smart City
• Smart Train

25. Thank You