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[科科營]電子實驗
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[科科營]電子實驗
1.
2013 科技領袖營 電子實驗 講師: 張竣凱 1
2.
大綱 • 電子實驗儀器介紹 • 基礎電學知識 •
揚聲器實作 2
3.
3
4.
4 儀器介紹
5.
波形產生器 • 用來產生波形的儀器,又稱訊號產生器 (Function Generator) •
可調整輸出訊號的頻率、振幅、波形(例如: 弦波、方波、三角波) 5
6.
6 波的複習 時間 振幅 週期=1/頻率 就時間上來看: 在本次實驗中,縱軸為電位,橫軸為時間
7.
波的複習 • 頻率: 波每秒震動的次數(單位:
Hz) • 振幅愈大則訊號愈強(波的能量愈高) 7
8.
8 頻率(Hz) 週期(s) 音名 261.6
0.003823 C 293.7 0.003405 D 329.6 0.003034 E 349.2 0.002864 F 392 0.002551 G 440 0.002273 A 493.9 0.002025 B 523.2 0.001911 C 頻率 VS 音高 •以聲波為例: 頻率愈高,人耳聽起來愈高音, 振幅愈大,聽起來愈大聲
9.
9 波形產生器介紹 電源 (Power) 輸出開關 (Output) 輸出訊號源 波形選擇
10.
10 波形產生器介紹 電源 (Power) 輸出通道1 輸出通道2 波形選擇 通道選擇 通道開關
11.
11 波形產生器介紹 調整工具使用 旋鈕與左右鍵: 1. 用左右鍵決定游標位置 2. 轉動旋鈕來調整數值 鍵盤: 1.
直接輸入所要的數值
12.
12 波形產生器介紹 試著使用看看吧![設定輸出頻率] 1. 按下[Freq/Period]按鍵 使Freq(頻率)秀出藍色框 2. 用鍵盤輸入1.2 3.
選擇單位為kHZ
13.
13 波形產生器介紹 試著使用看看吧![設定輸出振幅] 1.按下[Ampl/HiLevel]按鍵 使Ampl(振幅)秀出藍色框 2. 用鍵盤輸入5 3. 選擇單位為Vpp(伏特) ※Vpp表示峰對峰值,也就是振幅×2
14.
示波器 • 將波的樣子顯示在螢幕上,並且可以測量 波的特性 14
15.
示波器 15 輸入通道
16.
16 示波器 輸入通道
17.
17 示波器介紹 X軸(時間) Y 軸 ( 電 壓 ) 各頻道每格的電壓值 每格代表的時間值
18.
18 示波器介紹
19.
19 示波器介紹 試著將波形產生器輸出的訊號連結到示波 器上看看吧!(相同顏色的夾子相接) 改變輸出的波形、振幅、頻率,觀察示波 器螢幕上的訊號是否也跟著改變了呢!?
20.
直流電源供應器 20 開關 電流值 電壓值 電壓調 整旋鈕 負極、接地、正極
21.
21 直流電源供應器 開關 正負極 調整電壓、電流 接地 注意: 切勿以導線直接連接正負極,以免 發生危險!! 輸出開關
22.
22 基礎電學知識
23.
23 電阻 電阻器(Resistor) 電阻就是阻礙電流流動的因素 電阻越大,表示阻礙越大,電流越難流動 在相同電壓的情況下,電阻越大,電流會越小。 V R I + -V I
24.
24 47 ×103 ±
5% 電阻
25.
• Q: 如何判斷哪一條是第一條? •
A: 先找到最後一條(金色或銀色), 便可以知道第一條 25 電阻
26.
• 1:紅色 、黑色
、橙色、金色 電阻值?? • 2: 金色、黑色、紅色、 棕色 電阻值?? Ans:20KΩ Ans:12Ω 26
27.
利用三用電表測量電阻值 27
28.
28 可變電阻
29.
29 可變電阻 選擇接A、B 或 B、C 原理:
調整電阻長度,改變電阻值
30.
• 可以暫時充放電荷的元件 • 常用的兩種電容: 30 電容 陶瓷電容器 (電容值較小 但耐壓較大) 鋁電解電容 (電容值較大 但耐壓較小)
31.
電容器電路符號 31 (A)固定電容器 (B)電解電容器 (C)可變電容器 一般而言,電解電容的長腳為正極、短腳為負極, 切勿接反!!
32.
32 揚聲器實作
33.
項次 品名規格 數量 1
LM386 功率放大器 1 2 3.5立體耳機座 1 3 電容麥克風 1 4 3號4個電池盒 1 5 3.5立體耳機插頭線 1 6 喇叭 0.5W 8Ω (附接線) 1 7 電解質電容 220UF/25V 1 8 電解質電容10UF/35V 3 9 陶瓷電容(503)50000pF(0.05uF) 2 10 1/4W 5%碳質電阻10Ω 1 11 1/4W 5%碳質電阻10kΩ 2 12 16M/M可變電阻10KΩ B-TYPE 1 13 實驗用麵包板 1 33 實作套件材料列表
34.
揚聲器架構 • 電路圖中,常以三角形來表示放大器! 34 實作部分
35.
– 檢查電路所需要的元件是否齊全,檢查儀器 是否能夠使用。 – 規劃元件在麵包板上的配置,以達到最方便 接線的效果。 –
將電路所需各元件以及接線分別在麵包板上 完成。 – 檢查電路後,接上電源、喇叭,測試電路是 否正常運作。 35 實作步驟
36.
Integrated Circuit (IC) 36 Design
Fabrication Wafer Chip Layout Application Package 類比IC應用電路-揚聲器
37.
麵包板內部接線 37 注意事項: 左圖中以短線相連(橫向) 插孔 表示它們是相連的,也就是 說可以看作是接在同一接點上。
38.
麵包版 38 • 左右兩旁的 洞是縱向相 連的,通常 用來連接電 源的正負極 • 注意電解質 電容(10uF、 220uF)正負 不要接反 接地符號, 用來提供 當作電位 的參考點
39.
• IC腳位由開口(圓孔)左邊 開始,逆時針編號 • 為了使各個腳位之間不相 連,必須將LM386跨接在 麵包版中間的溝槽 39
40.
40 sine wave triangle
wave square wave 音源輸入 音源輸出 直流電 6V
41.
第一階段測試 • 利用訊號產生器產生振幅為1Vpp的弦波, 並輸入電路圖中Vin 的位置 •
調整輸入的頻率,聽聽看,喇叭輸出的聲 音是否隨頻率大小改變?? • 注意: 務必仔細檢查電路後再接上電源,以 免LM386過熱而發生危險!!(接上電源後, 避免觸碰LM386) 41
42.
42 • LM386的功效包含了前級電壓 放大和後級電流放大,是一個低 功耗的功率放大器。 • LM386的輸入電壓通常為
6~9V ,因此第6隻腳要輸入6~9V • 在1和8之間加入10µF的電容, 可使放大效果提升至200倍。 • 第7隻腳加上電容(Bypass capacitor)能使放大效果更好。
43.
43 大聲公/MP3擴大機 用開關控 制 6V 6V
44.
44 L R GND
45.
45 MP3線路 輸入訊號 MP3音源線
46.
46 我們所使用的是電容式麥克風
47.
47 麥克風偏壓與訊號處理 麥克風需要一個 3~5V 的跨壓才能驅動。 VDD請接到電源的正極。 6V 0.05uF
48.
48 MIC/MP3切換線路 輸入訊號 MP3音源線 輸出訊號 6V 0.05uF
49.
第二階段測試 • 對著麥克風說話,喇叭是否將我們的聲音也放 大了呢? • 將音源線接上手機上頭的耳機插槽,並播放音 樂,喇叭是否也能播出音樂呢? •
注意: 1.若雜音很多,請把線接得更深入麵包版,或在 正負極之間跨接一個10uF的電容 2.播放音樂時,可將麥克風斷開以減少雜音 49
50.
50
51.
51 我們來看看成果吧!
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