1. THE
OF

2. • Former lead developer, CakePHP
• Co-founder & lead developer of
Lithium for ~2 years
• Original BostonPHP framework
bake-off champ!
• Twitter: @nateabele

3. • Started as a series of test scripts on early dev builds of PHP 5.3
• Released as “Cake3” in July ‘09
• Spun off as Lithium in October ’09
• Based on 5 years’ experience developing a high-adoption web
framework

4. ARCHITECTURE

5. Procedural Object-Oriented

6. Procedural Object-Oriented

7. Aspect-Oriented
Event-Driven Procedural
PARADIGMS
Declarative Functional
Object-Oriented

8. The Fall of Rome
PARADIGM HUBRIS

10. + $

11. Z END F RAMEWORK 1.5

12. $transport = new Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp('smtp.gmail.com', array(
'auth' => 'login',
'username' => 'foo',
'password' => 'bar',
'ssl' => 'ssl',
'port' => 465,
));
$mailer = new Zend_Mail();
$mailer->setDefaultTransport($transport);

13. class Container {
public function getMailTransport() {
return new Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp('smtp.gmail.com', array(
'auth' => 'login',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => 'sekr1t',
'ssl' => 'ssl',
'port' => 465,
));
}
public function getMailer() {
$mailer = new Zend_Mail();
$mailer->setDefaultTransport($this->getMailTransport());
return $mailer;
}
}

14. class Container {
protected $parameters = array();
public function __construct(array $parameters = array()) {
$this->parameters = $parameters;
}
public function getMailTransport() {
return new Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp('smtp.gmail.com', array(
'auth' => 'login',
'username' => $this->parameters['mailer.username'],
'password' => $this->parameters['mailer.password'],
'ssl' => 'ssl',
'port' => 465,
));
}
public function getMailer() {
$mailer = new Zend_Mail();
$mailer->setDefaultTransport($this->getMailTransport());
return $mailer;
}
}

15. $container = new Container(array(
'mailer.username' => 'root',
'mailer.password' => 'sekr1t',
'mailer.class' => 'Zend_Mail',
));
$mailer = $container->getMailer();

16. class Container extends sfServiceContainer {
static protected $shared = array();
protected function getMailTransportService() {
return new Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp('smtp.gmail.com', array(
'auth' => 'login',
'username' => $this['mailer.username'],
'password' => $this['mailer.password'],
'ssl' => 'ssl',
'port' => 465,
));
}
protected function getMailerService() {
if (isset(self::$shared['mailer'])) {
return self::$shared['mailer'];
}
$class = $this['mailer.class'];
$mailer = new $class();
$mailer->setDefaultTransport($this->getMailTransportService());
return self::$shared['mailer'] = $mailer;
}
}

17. sfServiceContainerAutoloader::register();
$sc = new sfServiceContainerBuilder();
$sc->register('mail.transport', 'Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp')->
addArgument('smtp.gmail.com')->
addArgument(array(
'auth' => 'login',
'username' => '%mailer.username%',
'password' => '%mailer.password%',
'ssl' => 'ssl',
'port' => 465,
))->setShared(false);
$sc->register('mailer', '%mailer.class%')->
addMethodCall('setDefaultTransport', array(
new sfServiceReference('mail.transport')
));

18. <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony-project.org/2.0/container">
<parameters>
<parameter key="mailer.username">root</parameter>
<parameter key="mailer.password">sekr1t</parameter>
<parameter key="mailer.class">Zend_Mail</parameter>
</parameters>
<services>
<service id="mail.transport" class="Zend_Mail_Transport_Smtp" shared="false">
<argument>smtp.gmail.com</argument>
<argument type="collection">
<argument key="auth">login</argument>
<argument key="username">%mailer.username%</argument>
<argument key="password">%mailer.password%</argument>
<argument key="ssl">ssl</argument>
<argument key="port">465</argument>
</argument>
</service>
<service id="mailer" class="%mailer.class%">
<call method="setDefaultTransport">
<argument type="service" id="mail.transport" />
</call>
</service>
</services>
</container>

19. Dependency injection container
+ Service container
+ Service container builder
+ XML

20. ==

21. mail()

23. THE MORAL
“
All problems in computer science can be solved by
another level of indirection. Except for the
problem of too many layers of indirection.
”
— Butler Lampson / David Wheeler

24. The Guggenheim Fallingwater
GREAT ARCHITECTURE

26. WHO WON?

27. Jet Li’s Fearless
JET LI AS HOU YUANJIA

28. BRUCE LEE

29. J EET K UNE D O
The Way of the Intercepting Fist

30. GOALS
• Understand a variety of paradigms & their strengths
• Respect context when choosing paradigms / techniques
• Be simple as possible (but no simpler)

31. PROBLEMS
• Managing configuration
• Staying flexible
• Extending internals
• Easy things: easy; hard things: possible

32. CONFIGURATION

33. webroot/index.php
require dirname(__DIR__) . '/config/bootstrap.php';
echo lithiumactionDispatcher::run(
new lithiumactionRequest()
);

34. config/bootstrap.php
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/libraries.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/errors.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/cache.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/connections.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/action.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/session.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/g11n.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/media.php';
require __DIR__ . '/bootstrap/console.php';

35. config/bootstrap/libraries.php
use lithiumcoreLibraries;
Libraries::add('lithium');
Libraries::add('app', array('default' => true));
Libraries::add('li3_docs');

36. config/bootstrap/cache.php
use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'local' => array('adapter' => 'Apc'),
'distributed' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcache',
'host' => '127.0.0.1:11211'
),
'default' => array('adapter' => 'File')
));

37. config/bootstrap/connections.php
use lithiumdataConnections;
Connections::config(array(
'default' => array(
'type' => 'MongoDb',
'database' => 'my_mongo_db'
),
'legacy' => array(
'type' => 'database',
'adapter' => 'MySql',
'login' => 'bobbytables',
'password' => 's3kr1t',
'database' => 'my_mysql_db'
)
));

38. config/bootstrap/session.php
use lithiumsecurityAuth;
Auth::config(array(
'customer' => array(
'adapter' => 'Form',
'model' => 'Customers',
'fields' => array('email', 'password')
),
'administrator' => array(
'adapter' => 'Http',
'method' => 'digest',
'users' => array('nate' => 'li3')
)
));

39. MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS?
use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'default' => array(
'development' => array('adapter' => 'Apc'),
'production' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcache',
'host' => '127.0.0.1:1121'
)
)
));

40. MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS?
use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'default' => array(
'development' => array('adapter' => 'Apc'),
'production' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcache',
'host' => '127.0.0.1:1121'
)
)
));

41. namespace lithiumnethttp;
use lithiumcoreLibraries;
class Service extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'media' => 'lithiumnethttpMedia',
'request' => 'lithiumnethttpRequest',
'response' => 'lithiumnethttpResponse',
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
$defaults = array(
'scheme' => 'http',
'host' => 'localhost',
// ...
);
parent::__construct($config + $defaults);
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}

42. $service = new Service(array(
'scheme' => 'https',
'host' => 'web.service.com',
'username' => 'user',
'password' => 's3kr1t'
));

43. $service = new Service(array(
'scheme' => 'https',
'host' => 'web.service.com',
'username' => 'user',
'password' => 's3kr1t'
));
{
“lithiumnethttpService”: {
“scheme”: “https”,
“host”: “web.service.com”,
“username”: “user”,
“password”: “s3kr1t”
}
}

44. $service = new Service(array(
'scheme' => 'https',
'host' => 'web.service.com',
'username' => 'user',
'password' => 's3kr1t',
'classes' => array(
'request' => 'mycustomRequest'
)
));

45. FLEXIBILITY

46. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->text('email'); ?>

47. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->text('email'); ?>
<input type="text" name="email" id="MemberEmail"
value="nate.abele@gmail.com" />

48. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->field('name', array(
'wrap' => array('class' => 'wrapper')
)); ?>

49. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->field('name', array(
'wrap' => array('class' => 'wrapper')
)); ?>
<div class="wrapper">
<label for="MemberName">Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" id="MemberName" />
<div class="error">You don't have a name?</div>
</div>

50. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->field('name', array(
'wrap' => array('class' => 'item'),
'template' => '<li{:wrap}>{:error}{:label}{:input}</li>'
)); ?>

51. HELPERS
<?=$this->form->field('name', array(
'wrap' => array('class' => 'item'),
'template' => '<li{:wrap}>{:error}{:label}{:input}</li>'
)); ?>
<li class="item">
<div class="error">You don't have a name?</div>
<label for="MemberName">Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" id="MemberName" />
</div>

52. HELPERS
$this->form->config(array('templates' => array(
'field' => "<li{:wrap}>{:error}{:label}{:input}</li>"
)));

53. HELPERS
<input type="text" name="email" id="MemberEmail"
value="nate.abele@gmail.com" />

54. HELPERS
$form = $this->form;
$this->form->config(array('attributes' => array(
'id' => function($method, $name, $options) use (&$form) {
if ($method != 'text' && $method != 'select') {
return;
}
$model = null;
if ($binding = $form->binding()) {
$model = basename(str_replace('', '/', $binding->model())) . '_';
}
return Inflector::underscore($model . $name);
}
)));

55. HELPERS
$form = $this->form;
$this->form->config(array('attributes' => array(
'id' => function($method, $name, $options) use (&$form) {
if ($method != 'text' && $method != 'select') {
return;
}
$model = null;
if ($binding = $form->binding()) {
$model = basename(str_replace('', '/', $binding->model())) . '_';
}
return Inflector::underscore($model . $name);
}
)));

56. HELPERS
<input type="text" name="email" id="member_email"
value="nate.abele@gmail.com" />

57. THE MEDIA CLASS
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
def index
@posts = Post.find :all
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.xml { render :xml => @posts.to_xml }
format.rss { render :action => "feed.rxml" }
end
end
end

58. THE MEDIA CLASS
!
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
def index
@posts = Post.find :all
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.xml { render :xml => @posts.to_xml }
format.rss { render :action => "feed.rxml" }
end
end
end

59. THE MEDIA CLASS
<?php echo $javascript->object($data); ?>

60. THE MEDIA CLASS
!
<?php echo $javascript->object($data); ?>

61. THE MEDIA CLASS
lithiumnethttpMedia {
$formats = array(
array( 'html' => array(...),
'posts' => ... 'json' => array(...),
) 'xml' => array(...),
'...'
);
}

62. THE MEDIA CLASS
lithiumnethttpMedia {
$formats = array(
array( 'html' => array(...),
'posts' => ... 'json' => array(...),
) 'xml' => array(...),
'...'
);
}

63. THE MEDIA CLASS
Media::type('mobile', array('text/html'), array(
'view' => 'lithiumtemplateView',
'paths' => array(
'template' => array(
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.mobile.php',
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.html.php',
),
'layout' => array(
'{:library}/views/layouts/{:layout}.mobile.php',
'{:library}/views/layouts/{:layout}.html.php',
),
'element' => array(
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.mobile.php'
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.html.php'
)
),
'conditions' => array('mobile' => true)
));

64. THE MEDIA CLASS
Media::type('mobile', array('text/html'), array(
'view' => 'lithiumtemplateView',
'paths' => array(
'template' => array(
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.mobile.php',
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.html.php',
),
'layout' => array(
'{:library}/views/layouts/{:layout}.mobile.php',
'{:library}/views/layouts/{:layout}.html.php',
),
'element' => array(
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.mobile.php'
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.html.php'
)
),
'conditions' => array('mobile' => true)
));

65. THE MEDIA CLASS
Media::type('ajax', array('text/html'), array(
'view' => 'lithiumtemplateView',
'paths' => array(
'template' => array(
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.ajax.php',
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.html.php',
),
'layout' => false,
'element' => array(
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.ajax.php'
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.html.php'
)
),
'conditions' => array('ajax' => true)
));

66. THE MEDIA CLASS
Media::type('ajax', array('text/html'), array(
'view' => 'lithiumtemplateView',
'paths' => array(
'template' => array(
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.ajax.php',
'{:library}/views/{:controller}/{:template}.html.php',
),
'layout' => false,
'element' => array(
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.ajax.php'
'{:library}/views/elements/{:template}.html.php'
)
),
'conditions' => array('ajax' => true)
));

67. CONDITIONS?
'conditions' => array('ajax' => true)
==
$request->is('ajax')
==
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] = 'XMLHttpRequest'

68. CONDITIONS?
$request->detect('iPhone', array('HTTP_USER_AGENT', '/iPhone/'));
$isiPhone = $request->is('iPhone');
$request->detect('custom', function($request) {
if ($value = $request->env("HTTP_WHATEVER")) {
// Do something with $value
}
return false;
});

69. ROUTING
Router::connect('/{:controller}/{:action}/{:id:[0-9]+}', array(
'id' => null
));
new Route(array(
'template' => '/{:controller}/{:action}/{:id:[0-9]+}',
'pattern' => '@^(?:/(?P[^/]+))(?:/(?P[^/]+)?)?(?:/(?P[0-9]+)?)?$@',
'params' => array('id' => null, 'action' => 'index'),
// ...
'subPatterns' => array('id' => '[0-9]+'),
'persist' => array('controller')
));
Router::connect(new CustomRoute($params));

70. ROUTE HANDLERS
Router::connect('/{:user}/{:controller}/{:action}');

71. ROUTE HANDLERS
Router::connect('/{:user}/{:controller}/{:action}', array(), function($request) {
if (!Users::count(array('conditions' => array('user' => $request->user)))) {
return false;
}
return $request;
});

72. ROUTE HANDLERS
Router::connect('/{:user}/{:controller}/{:action}', array(), function($request) {
if (!Users::count(array('conditions' => array('user' => $request->user)))) {
return false;
}
return $request;
});
Router::connect('/', array(), function($request) {
if (Session::read('user')) {
$location = 'Accounts::index';
} else {
$location = 'Users::add';
}
return new Response(array('status' => 302, 'location' => $location));
});

73. ROUTE HANDLERS
Router::connect(
'/photos/view/{:id:[0-9a-f]{24}}.jpg',
array(),
function($request) {
return new Response(array(
'headers' => array('Content-type' => 'image/jpeg'),
'body' => Photos::first($request->id)->file->getBytes()
));
}
);

74. MICRO-APPS
Router::connect('/posts.json', array(), function($request) {
return new Response(array(
'headers' => array('Content-type' => 'application/json'),
'body' => Posts::all()->to('json')
));
});
Router::connect('/posts/{:id}.json', array(), function($request) {
return new Response(array(
'headers' => array('Content-type' => 'application/json'),
'body' => Posts::first($request->id)->to('json')
));
});

75. EXTENSIBILITY

76. HELPERS
<?=$this->html->*() ?>
lithiumtemplatehelperHtml

77. HELPERS
<?=$this->html->*() ?>
lithiumtemplatehelperHtml
appextensionshelperHtml

78. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
}

79. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
protected $_meta = array(
'key' => 'custom_id',
'source' => 'custom_posts_table'
'connection' => 'legacy_mysql_db'
);
}

80. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
protected $_meta = array(
'key' => array(
'custom_id', 'other_custom_id'
)
);
}

81. MODELS
Posts::create(array(
'title' => 'My first post ever',
'body' => 'Wherein I extoll the virtues of Lithium'
));
// ...
$post->save();

82. MODELS
$post->tags = 'technology,PHP,news';
$post->save();
// ...
foreach ($post->tags as $tag) {
#FALE
}

83. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public function tags($entity) {
return explode(',', $entity->tags);
}
}
foreach ($post->tags() as $tag) {
// ...
}

84. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public function tags($entity) {
return explode(',', $entity->tags);
}
}
foreach ($post->tags() as $tag) {
// ...
}

85. MODELS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public static function expire() {
return static::update(
array('expired' => true),
array('updated' => array(
'<=' => strtotime('3 months ago')
))
);
}
}
$didItWork = Posts::expire();

86. ENTITIES & COLLECTIONS
$posts = Posts::findAllBySomeCondition();

87. ENTITIES & COLLECTIONS
$posts = Posts::findAllBySomeCondition();
$posts->first(function($post) {
return $post->published == true;
});
$posts->each(function($post) {
return $post->counter++;
});
$ids = $posts->map(function($post) {
return $post->id;
});

88. RELATIONSHIPS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public $belongsTo = array('Users');
}

89. RELATIONSHIPS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public $belongsTo = array('Author' => array(
'class' => 'Users'
));
}

90. RELATIONSHIPS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public $belongsTo = array('Author' => array(
'class' => 'Users',
'conditions' => array('active' => true),
'key' => 'author_id'
));
}

91. RELATIONSHIPS
namespace appmodels;
class Posts extends lithiumdataModel {
public $belongsTo = array('Author' => array(
'class' => 'Users',
'conditions' => array('active' => true),
'key' => array(
'author_id' => 'id',
'other_key' => 'other_id'
)
));
}

92. NO H AS A ND B ELONGS T O M ANY !!

93. DOCUMENT DATABASES
$post = Posts::create(array(
'title' => "New post",
'body' => "Something worthwhile to read",
'tags' => array('PHP', 'tech'),
'author' => array('name' => 'Nate')
));

94. DOCUMENT DATABASES
$posts = Posts::all(array('conditions' => array(
'tags' => array('PHP', 'tech'),
'author.name' => 'Nate'
)));

95. DOCUMENT DATABASES
$ages = Users::all(array(
'group' => 'age',
'reduce' => 'function(obj, prev) { prev.count++; }',
'initial' => array('count' => 0)
));

96. THE QUERY API
$query = new Query(array(
'type' => 'read',
'model' => 'appmodelsPost',
'fields' => array('Post.title', 'Post.body'),
'conditions' => array('Post.id' => new Query(array(
'type' => 'read',
'fields' => array('post_id'),
'model' => 'appmodelsTagging',
'conditions' => array('Tag.name' => array('foo', 'bar', 'baz')),
)))
));

97. FILTERS

98. $post = Posts::first($id);

99. Posts::applyFilter('find', function($self, $params, $chain) {
$key = // Make a cache key from $params['options']
if ($result = Cache::read('default', $key)) {
return $result;
}
$result = $chain->next($self, $params, $chain);
Cache::write('default', $key, $result);
return $result;
});

100. logging
caching
find()

101. logging
caching
find()

102. Posts::applyFilter('find', function($self, $params, $chain) {
$key = // Make a cache key from $params['options']
if ($result = Cache::read('default', $key)) {
return $result;
}
$result = $chain->next($self, $params, $chain);
Cache::write('default', $key, $result);
return $result;
});

103. THE TALK OF THE TOWN

104. CAN I USE IT IN PRODUCTION?

105. GIMMEBAR.COM
Sean Coates

106. MAPALONG.COM
Chris Shiflett
Andrei Zmievski

107. TOTSY.COM
Mitch Pirtle

108. ...AND MANY OTHERS

109. David Coallier
• President, PEAR Group
• CTO, Echolibre / Orchestra.io
“ After looking at Lithium I’ve come to realize how far ahead it is
compared to other frameworks from a technologist's point of view.
”

110. Helgi Þormar Þorbjörnsson
• Developer, PEAR Installer
• PEAR Core Dev, 8 years
“
It’s the f*****g epiphany of modern!
”

111. Fahad Ibnay Heylaal
• Creator, Croogo CMS
“ I believe the future is in Lithium. give
it time to grow, and the developers
behind it are awesome. ”

112. 1.0?

113. SO CLOSE!!

114. TOMORROW...

115. 0.10

116. THANKS!!
Find me later :
@nateabele
nate.abele@gmail.com
http://nateabele.com/

117. RESOURCES
Getting connected Learning AOP
lithify.me bit.ly/aop-design
github.com/UnionOfRAD bit.ly/aop-gwoo
#li3 on irc.freenode.net bit.ly/aop-li3
@UnionOfRAD bit.ly/aop-oop
Talks bit.ly/mwop-aop
slideshare.net/nateabele

118. PHOTO CREDITS
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mkebbe/28298461/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/josefeliciano/3849557951/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cku/1386908692/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/macten/4611148426/
http://www.rustybrick.com/prototype-js-vs-jquery-comparison.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cadsonline/4321530819/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/maiptitfleur/4942829255/