1.
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2.
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3.
Starting with the
User Story
What do you know about user stories?
What do you like about user stories?
What causes you trouble with user stories
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4.
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4.%$-$*1">$)>,$666
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5.
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! <2$-B2"*$$4
! &-)4891"4$29-.@>)*
! &,'**.*/".1$; !"Kent Beck coined the
term user stories in
! C)D$*"E)-"'"9)*3$-2'>)* Extreme Programming
Explained 1st Edition, 1999
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9)*3$-2'>)*
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6.
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As a [type of user]
I want to [perform some task]
so that I can [reach some goal]
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7.
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8.
Let’s talk about the nature
of multi-purpose things
(yes I’m going meta)
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9.
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10.
<2$-"=1)-.$2"'91"'2"10$">)8*4'-?"1)"@'9.,.1'1$"
9)*3$-2'A)*">$15$$*";'*?"B$)B,$
How
do I understand
How do I
users and their
describe to you
needs?
what I want? What are the
details of this
What are the
feature I need
things my
to specify?
product needs to 82$- <E"B$-2)*
be successful?
F7
>82.*$22",$'4$-
How What are
do I schedule the details of
this work and How
what I need to
track it its do I validate
build today?
&G this work is 4$3$,)B$-
done?
1$21$-
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11.
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5'*1"1)"1',A"'@)81B
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12.
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*8;>$-")?"10$;
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13.
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5$"21'=")*"1-'9>?
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14.
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15.
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"&,-+.&/,0//&)%
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16.
The foundational building
block of a stories that say
what people are doing
(user tasks)
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17.
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18.
What’s common about the items
each of you wrote down?
What was different?
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19.
&$)<,$"'90.$3$"/)',2"10-)8/0".*1$-'9=)*
problem or
goal
How I’d like to feel, or what
I’d like to achieve
goal evaluation
Is my goal met or problem
resolved?
Take some
action
action evaluation
Did that action deliver the results I
expected?
the world
Information and tools
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20.
<0.*=")>"10-$$",$3$,2?"/)',+"1'2=+"'*4"1)),
problem or
goal
goal
How I’d like to feel, or what
I’d like to achieve
goal evaluation
Take some
task Is my goal met or problem
resolved?
action
action evaluation
Did that action deliver the results I
tool
expected?
the world
Information and tools
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21.
<0.*=")>"10-$$",$3$,2?"/)',+"1'2=+"'*4"1)),
goal
task
tool
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22.
<)=5'-$"9)*1'.*2">$'18-$2"10'1"28??)-1"'"
3'-.$1@")>"1'2A2"'*4"'"3'-.$1@")>"/)',2
goals
tasks
software
features
tools
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23.
User tasks make ideal
user stories:
Title: Take a shower
As an instructor
I want to take a shower
So that I don’t offend my colleagues
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24.
<*"=-'9>9$"82$-"21)-.$2";'?"@$"5-.($*"1)"4$29-.@$"
82$-"1'2A2")-"10$"1)),2"10'1"28==)-1"10$;""
goals B)-$"1'2AC9$*1-.9D
As a weekend gardener
I want to dig a hole
user story
tasks
so that I can plant a tree
B)-$"1)),C9$*1-.9D
E)-"F$'18-$C9$*1-.9G"
software As a weekend gardener
features
I want a shovel
so that I can [dig a hole to]
plant a tree
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25.
Organize user stories into a
map that communicates
experience
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26.
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2=21$;MN""
time
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27.
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8@A/01"'B)81"10$")-4$-6
time
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28.
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2./*',"21$@@.*/"0)-.J)*1',,=6
time
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29.
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time
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30.
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31.
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32.
<8.,4.*/"'"21)-=";'>"0$,>2"?'9.,.1'1$"
4.29822.)*"@"A81"-$B8.-$2"'"A.1")?"2>'9$
Gary Levitt, owner & designer of Mad Mimi
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33.
7"21)-<";'=">)-"'"-$'2)*'?,$"2.@$4"2<21$;"
9'*"A,,"'"-));
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34.
Product Discovery Looks Like this:
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35.
<1)-=">'?"@'-.'A)*2
• >'?2"'B)81"2=21$;"
B$0'3.)-
• C$'18-$D9$*1-.9"
;'?2
• 72D.2"?-)4891";'?2
• E0'1"$,2$F
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36.
The easiest way to write
user stories is by telling
user stories
(hopefully this won’t come as a surprise)
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37.
Let’s try one together...
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38.
Discuss, fill in, refine the
map, and test for
completeness
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39.
:.29822.)*2")3$-"21)-<";'=2"0$,="4-.3$"
)81";)-$"4$1'.,2
Repeated review of the story map with
multiple users and subject matter experts will
help test the model for completeness
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40.
<-$'=*/">$-2)*'2"?)-"4.%$-$*1"@.*42")?"
>$)>,$"82.*/"A)8-"2A21$;
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41.
7"<-'/;'=9"<$-2)*'".2"'">8.9?"$@<,)-'=)*"
)A"50'1"5$"?*)5"'B)81")8-"82$-2
E8.,4"10$;"1)"21'-1"4.29822.)*"
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4)*F1
E8.,4"10$;"1)"0$,<"4-.3$"
;'<<.*/"G)8-"82$-"
$@<$-.$*9$"82.*/"21)-.$2
“..people can often
mine their own
extensive experiences to
create effective
Personas...”
:'3.4"I822;'* :)*"H)-;'*
http://www.jnd.org/dn.mss/personas_empath.html
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42.
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43.
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10.2"1'2?G""HF".1I2"*)1"'B2),81$,="*$9$22'-=+"0)5"9-.>9',".2".1G
time
necessity
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44.
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9);;8*.9'1$")A>)*',.1=
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time
necessity
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45.
<="'--'*/.*/"'9>3.1="'*4"1'2?@9$*1-.9"21)-="
9'-42"2A'>',,=+"5$"9'*"1$,,"B.//$-"21)-.$2
“Steve knows the title of what he’s looking for. He steps up to
the kiosk and searches by title. Optionally he might have
searched by artist. After seeing titles that match what he typed
in, Steve views the price new and used, and then views the
status – whether it’s in stock or not. He notices it’s in stock as
both new and used, so then Steve views the location in the store
for the used title.”
time
E)>9$"10$"B),4"F'9$4"82$-"1'2?2"
F-);")8-"21)-=";'A
E)>9$"10$"9)*G8*9>)*2"10'1"?*.1"10$"
necessity
9'-42"1)/$10$-".*1)"'",)*/$-"21)-=
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); CD

46.
<0$"82$-"21)-=";'>"9)*1'.*2"15)"
.;>)-1'*1"'*'1);.9',"?$'18-$2
<0$"!"#$!%&'")?"10$"'>>,.9'@)*".2"10$",.21")?"
$22$*@',"'9@3.@$2"10$"'>>,.9'@)*"28>>)-12
<0$"(")$*&+,-$')'.%&".2"10$"2)A5'-$"5$"B8.,4"10'1"
28>>)-12"10$",$'21"*8;B$-")?"*$9$22'-="1'2C2"'9-)22"
10$"?8,,"2>'*")?"82$-"$D>$-.$*9$
The backbone
time
The walking skeleton
necessity
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47.
<2.*/"4.29822.)*+"=,,".*">)8-"21)->";'?
@)-A"1)/$10$-"'2"'"1$';
B))A"C)-"!"#$%&!'($)#!*+*
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4)*$"10'1"4.4*D1"9);$"8?".*">)8-"29$*'-.)2E
B))A"C)-"$,-$.'/&*
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82$-"0'3$"1)"4)"1)"-$9)3$-E
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!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); IJ

48.
Slice the map to find ideal
incremental releases
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49.
<.3$*"21)-=";'>")-/'*.?$4"3$-@9',,="A="
*$9$22.1=+"5$"*$$4")*,="2,.9$"1)">,'*
time
necessary
less
first release
optional
second release
optionality
more third release
optional
B0))2$"9)0$-$*1"/-)8>2")C"C$'18-$2"10'1"9)*2.4$-"10$"2>'*")C"A82.*$22"
C8*9@)*',.1="'*4"82$-"'9@3.@$2
D8>>)-1"',,"*$9$22'-="'9@3.@$2"5.10"10$"E-21"-$,$'2$
F;>-)3$"'9@3.1="28>>)-1""'*4"'44"'44.@)*',"'9@3.@$2"5.10"28A2$G8$*1"-$,$'2$2
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); HI

50.
<.3$*"21)-=";'>")-/'*.?$4"3$-@9',,="A="
*$9$22.1=+"5$"*$$4")*,="2,.9$"1)">,'*
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); BC

51.
It’s easy to make release
“slices” and move
detailed stories into them
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52.
744.*/"1'<$",.*$2"1)"10$"5',,",$12"
<'-=9.<'*12")-/'*.>$"21)-.$2".*1)",'?$-2
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53.
744.*/"1'<$",.*$2"1)"10$"5',,",$12"
<'-=9.<'*12")-/'*.>$"21)-.$2".*1)",'?$-2
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54.
744.*/"1'<$",.*$2"1)"10$"5',,",$12"
<'-=9.<'*12")-/'*.>$"21)-.$2".*1)",'?$-2
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); @A

55.
&,'**.*/".*9-$;$*1',"-$,$'2$2"9'*"<$"
='9.,.1'1$4"'2"'"9),,'<)-'>3$"$3$*1
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); ??

56.
<8.,4.*/"<$($-"&-)48912"=2.*/
=2$-">1)-?"@'AA.*/
#$%"&'()*
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!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69);

57.
Bonus Material
(Not addressed in the Story Mapping session)
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58.
Iteratively and
incrementally construct
software
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59.
<-'4.=)*',"2)>5'-$"4$3$,)?;$*1"@A$2"29)?$"
10$*"$2=;'1$2+"'*4"'($;?12"1)"@A"=;$"'*4"9)21
Scope
Traditional
software
development
Time Cost
(resources)
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60.
7/.,$"4$3$,)<;$*1"=>$2"?;$"'*4"9)21+"10$*",$3$-'/$2"
.1$-'?)*"'*4".*9-$;$*?*/"1)";'>.;.@$"29)<$"
Cost
Time
Scope (resources)
Agile
software
development
Traditional
software
development
Time Cost
Scope
(resources)
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); AB

61.
<$3$-'/$"'"20'-$4"8*4$-21'*4.*/")="4$2.-$4">-)4891"
/)',2"1)";.*.;.?$"29)>$"50.,$";'@.;.?.*/"3',8$
Cost
Scope Time (resources)
Agile
software
development
Traditional
software
development
Time Cost Scope
(resources)
Target business goals &
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); outcomes AB

62.
To release benefit on a
schedule we’ll need to
leverage incremental and
iterative thinking
(What’s the difference?)
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63.
<.*9-$;$*=*/>"?8.,42"'"?.1"'1"'"=;$
Incrementing calls for a fully
formed idea.
And, doing it on time requires
dead accurate estimation.
1 2 3 4 5
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64.
<.1$-'=*/>"?8.,42"'"-)8/0"3$-2.)*+"
3',.4'1$2".1+"10$*"2,)5,@"?8.,42"8A"B8',.1@
A more iterative allows you to
move from vague idea to
realization making course
corrections as you go.
1 2 3 4 5
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65.
>'*?")-/'*.@'A)*2"9)*2.4$-"-$3.2.*/"10$"2';$"
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1),$-'1$46
193
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66.
72"'"<-)4891")5*$-+"=)8"*$$4"'";)-$"-$>*$4"
8*4$-21'*4.*/")?"@20.<<'A,$B
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67.
<$$=.*/")8-"82$-"21)-.$2"1'2>?9$*1-.9"
',,)5$4"82"1)"4$@$-"2),8A)*"4$9.2.)*2
user goal
user task
tool
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); BC

68.
<'=$">$'18-$"4$9.2.)*2".*"10$"9)*1$?1")>"
@;$"'*4"A84/$1",.;.1'@)*2
hole
?
(to put the flower in)
dig hole
hold my options open
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); BC

69.
<);;.1"1)"2'=2>?.*/"82$-"*$$42+"*)1"1)"
2@$9.A9">$'18-$2
hole
?
(to put the flower in)
dig hole
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70.
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28?21'*@',,>".*"10$"A-.9$"5$"A'>
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51
low cost moderate cost high cost
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71.
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me than that
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silly survey
technique!
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72.
<'*)"$=>,'.*2"10-$$"/$*$-',"9,'22.?9'@)*2"A)-">-)4891"
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“This car has many flaws. Buy it
anyway. It’s so much fun to D$($-
drive”
-- from a NY Times review of the
4).-/&$)0#
Mini Cooper E",)3$"10.2"$,$;$*1")A"10$"
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73.
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74.
<2$"10$"='*)"9,'22.>9'?)*2"1)"@)10"
A-.)-.?B$"'*4"2A,.1
Brakes
(must have)
Cool dashboard
Basic brakes Stopping Anti-locking light when
(must have) distance (delighter) slipping
(one dimensional) (delighter)
=$$A".*";.*4E"F)8";821"G*)5"F)8-"9821);$-2"'*4"82$-2"1)"
4$1$-;.*$"28@H$9?3$"3',8$6
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75.
>$1?2",))@"'1"50'1"0'AA$*2".B"5$"1'@$"'"
*'.3$".*9-$;$*1',"'AA-)'90"1)"9)*21-89C)*
>$1?2"21'-1"5.10"10$"D'2.9"B$'18-$2")B")8-"D826
sprint
4
3
2
1
release
Interior seating
exterior body
transmission
suspension
features
brakes
engine
tires
Product goal: (in 4 sprints) be driving the coolest bus in town
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); <=

76.
<$"9'*",$3$-'/$".1$-'=)*"1)">8.,4"8?"
@8',.1A
Iterating affords
building up quality
over time
1 2 3
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77.
<)*2.4$-"10$2$"=)8-"21)->"2?,.@*/"
0$8-.2A92"10'1"B8.,4"8?"C8',.1>
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4$;)*21-'B,$"E"B81"*)1"-$,$'2'B,$+" 82$H""D)-"B)10"10$"82$-+"'*4"=)-"10$"
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7#0'5 7'5/?2:)5%''7);'35
* Adapted from Gerard Meszaros’ “Storyotypes”
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78.
>8.,4.*/"8?"@8',.1A".1$-'B3$,A"'*4"
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@8',.1A
sprint J6 I3',8'B*/"-$'4.*$22"C'2$4")*"28CK$9B3$"@8',.1A"1)"8*4$-21'*4"4)*$*$22
4
3
2
1 A-
B-
D C
D
A
B C-
B-
D
B D
A
B A-
D
B A-
D
BI B-
DI
release
user tasks to support
Product goal: (in 4 sprints) be driving the highest quality bus possible
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); <=

79.
:.3.4$"-$,$'2$"4$2./*"<"4$3$,)=;$*1".*1)"
10-$$"=0'2$2
!"#$%$&'()*#+">8.,4"'"2.;=,$"2?21$;"2='*")@"*$9$22'-?"@$'18-$2"A-21"B"10$"
5',C.*/"2C$,$1)*
,%-.()*#+"744"D$E.F.,.1?"'*4"2'@$1?"*$E1
/$-'()*#+"G.*.20"5.10"9);@)-1+"=$-@)-;'*9$+"'*4",8E8-?
H$2$-3$"I;$".*"10$"-$;'.*.*/"10.-4"@)-"8*@)-$2$$*"'44.I)*2"
'*4"'4'=1'I)*2
Opening Mid-Game End-Game
Game Build out Refine the UI and
uncertainty
Build up flexibility and interactions, take
advantage of
necessities business rule
iterative learning
enforcement
uncertainty decreases over time
time
Construx on the Cone of Uncertainty: http://www.construx.com/Page.aspx?hid=1648
Visdos on the cone: http://www.implementingscrum.com/2008/02/19/vegas-hangover-enlightenment/
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80.
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7==,>"10$"2';$"21-'1$/>"1)",$'-*"'?)81"10$"=-)4891"4);'.*"'2"D8.9B,>"
'2"=)22.?,$"E"1)"90'2$")81"8*9$-1'.*1>"?$@)-$"1))"0$'3.,>".*3$2A*/
Opening Mid-Game End-Game
Game Build out Refine the UI and
uncertainty
Build up flexibility and interactions, take
advantage of
necessities business rule
iterative learning
enforcement
uncertainty decreases over time
time
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81.
<))=.*/"'1"10$"-$,$'2$")>"?82.*$22"3',8$"
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5$";'D"E1-.;"10$"
cumulative business value
1'.,F"?D"4$>$--.*/"
21)-.$2")>";)4$21"
3',8$
time
Opening Mid Game End Game
Game
Early stories emphasize Once we’re confident Over time the value of
iteration and learning. we have the “shape” stories begin to
We need to be sure of the product right, diminish signaling it’s
we’re building the we begin to pile in time for release
right product value
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82.
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acquired product knowledge
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8'J0'"E;1/71-2"43'"
01234"@0,7;<4"
>1K2*4'5"015A
time
Opening Mid Game End Game
Game
Early stories emphasize Once we’re confident Over time the value of
iteration and learning. we have the “shape” stories begin to
We need to be sure of the product right, diminish signaling it’s
we’re building the we begin to pile in time for release
right product value
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83.
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-$I*$;$*16
J6 722$22"-$,$'2$"-$'4.*$22"'1"10$"$*4")="$'90"
2D-.*1"'2"D'-1")="D-)4891"-$3.$56
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); ?@

84.
Parting thoughts
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); <=

85.
Questions?
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69); <=

86.
<8.,4.*/"<$($-"&-)48912"=2.*/
=2$-">1)-?"@'AA.*/
#$%"&'()*
BA'()*C'9;6)-/
5556'/.,$A-)48914$2./*69);
!"#$%"&'()*+"',,"-./012"-$2$-3$4+"55567/.,$&-)4891:$2./*69);