1.
Monitoring and Evaluation for Ecosystem-based
Adaptation – experiences from Vietnam
11/04/2019
Measuring progress of adaptation of vulnerable communities,
groups and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change
11 April 2019, Songdo
Binh Bui My
NAP-Ag coordinator, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development of Vietnam
Pauline Probst
Policy Advisor, GIZ

2.
The context: Strategic Mainstreaming of Ecosystem-based Adaptation
in Vietnam
GIZ (2017)
https://panorama.solutions
GIZ 2017

3.
M&E for EbA in Vietnam: The development process
Photocredit:MINAMPeru
Source: GIZ 2013
• Based on five-step
approach from GIZ-
guidebook ‘Adaptation
made to measure‘
• Used a Theory of Change-
model as results framework

4.
Key metrics for measuring progress
Photocredit:MINAMPeru
Indicators for EbA should:
• Always be developed IN CLOSE COLLABORATION WITH THE COMMUNITIES
INVOLVED
• Always take ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS into account
• Relate to short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes and long-term impacts:
• PROCESS-BASED INDICATORS to monitor the development and
implementation of adaptation approaches, including INPUT and OUTPUT
indicators
• PERFORMANCE-BASED INDICATORS to measure the effectiveness of
adaptation measures, including OUTCOME and IMPACT indicators
• Both be QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE
• Be based on a THEORY OF CHANGE-MODEL
• Be SMART
• Be COMMUNICATED thoroughly and regularly

5.
Photocredit:MINAMPeru
Steps Process Indicator Outcome Indicator Impact Indicator
Define subject Climate change awareness raising Climate change awareness raising > in-
depth understanding and knowledge
sharing
People are aware of climate change and know
how to deal with and react to the phenomenon
Specify quantity of
change
13 trainings for a total of 650 participants
in Hoa Binh village and four other villages
in other communes
50% of the households in the selected
commune and 30% of the households
in the additionally selected communes,
particularly women, youth union and
farmer association members
70% of the households in the selected
commune, and 50% of the households in the
additionally selected communes
Specify quality of
change
Gained knowledge and awareness on
climate change (what are the phenomena,
how do they affect people) and how to
practically react to it
Gained knowledge and awareness on
CC, and have seen its implications in
practice; are sharing their knowledge
with others
Internalized knowledge on CC, have seen its
implications in practice and have experience in
responding to the phenomenon based on
techniques they learned as part of the
awareness raising
Define time horizon 2016 – 2017 (1 year) 2016 – 2018 (2 years) 2016 – 2024 (8 years)
If applicable, specify
disaggregation
1. Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district, who
have been selected for the pilot (30
households)
2. Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district
3. Women, youth union- and farmer
association members in four
different communes in Quang Binh
province (440 participants)
1. Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district
2. Men and women in four other
communes in Quang Binh
province, particularly women,
youth union and farmer
association members
1. Men and women in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district
2. Men and women in four other
communes in Quang Binh province, at
least 50% of them being women
Combine 5 steps into 1
indicator
13 trainings on climate change and how
to react to it are provided for a total of
650 participants in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district and four other
communes in Quang Binh province
within one year (2016 – 2017). For Hoa
Binh village, men and women receive the
training equally. For the other four
communes, women, youth union- and
farmer association members are
prioritized.
Over two years (2016 – 2018), 50% of
the households in Hoa Binh village and
30% of the households in the
additionally selected communes in
Quang Binh province, particularly
women, youth union- and farmer
association members, have gained
knowledge and awareness on CC, have
seen its implications in practice and
are sharing their knowledge with
others.
Over 8 years (2016 – 2024), 70% of the
households in Hoa Binh village (men and
women alike), and 50% of the households in
the additionally selected communes in Quang
Binh province (with at least 50% of the people
informed being women) have internalized
knowledge on CC, have seen its implications
in practice and have experience in responding
to the phenomenon based on techniques they
learned as part of the awareness raising
courses.

6.
Monitoring progress: Challenges
• Measuring knowledge and
capacity
• Time frame for EbA
measures
• Language and terminology

7.
Assessment of agricultural and rural
development strategy for the period
of 2011-2020 and development of
strategic orientation 2021-2030
vision 2045
Implemented with 07 agricultural
sub-sectors in the scope of 07
agro-ecological regions
nationwide.
Updating the NDC
CC adaptation;
GHG emissions reduction
Co-benefits;
Disaster risk reduction.
NAP_Ag
GHG emissions reduction;
Climate change adaptation
Resources preparation;
Improvement of institutions
and policies
National climate change
adaptation
in Agriculture
Integrate NAP-Ag in Plan for agriculture and RD
sector 2021-2030
ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE
CHANGE RESPONSE; PLAN FOR
PARIS AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ON CLIMATE CHANGE

8.
Agriculrure in NAP process
Vulnerability
assessment for
the impact of
climate change on
agriculture,
forestry and
aquaculture
CC Stock taking of adaptation
measures (construction, non-
construction: Agriculture, forestry and
aquaculture)
Vulnerability Assessment and
Adaptation Measures for Agriculture,
forestry and aquaculture (NAP_Ag)
A sets of 10 M&E
indicators
NAP-Ag
Pilot,
develop
guideline
Inputs to
NAP
Implementa-
tion
and M&E
2016-2017 … 2018 2019 - 2020
Develop the M&E system & implementation of NAP-Ag

9.
Development of indicators
Steps have been taken Step is doing Next steps
Buildi
ng
set of
indic
ator
Cons
ultatio
n in
some
provin
ces
Pilot: Training.
Complete instructions, send to the
focal point to implement the
measurement
Measur
ement
instructi
ons,
input
Evaluat
ion of
pilot
results;
Provinc
ial
Worksh
op
Consultation
on NAP-Ag
M&E system
Proposals for
integration into the
M&E system
developed by MARD
Piloting in 5 provinces: Lao Cai, Nam Dinh, Quang Binh, Kon Tum and
Soc Trang

10.
Group 1: Management of natural resources
and ecosystems : 8.1, 8.2
Group 2: Agricultural production systems : 7,
9.1a, 9.1b, 9.1c, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Group 3: Economic – Social issues: 3.2, 3.3,
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6, 10.1a, 10.1b, 10.2a,
10.2b
Group 4: Institutions and policies: 1,2,3.1,4.1
Set of M&E indicators for NAP-Ag of Vietnam
10

11.
Developing the M&E system for
Agriculture and RD sector
Restructure
Sustainable
development
Green Growth
Climate change
Public investment
Classification
M&E of public investment M&E of ARD sectors
Others
11

12.
Lessons learned
➢ Integration of M&E for CCA / NAP is possible into the
existing or planned M&E system.
➢ Strengthening coordination among different
departments: DARD, DONRE, CPO, DPI, DOF… at
different levels.
➢ Guidelines should be completed and applying to
other provinces (3-5 provinces in each agro-
ecological zones) before expanding nationwide.
➢ It is needed for capacity building at all level
(institution, software, equipment, human resource…)

13.
11/04/2019
Key publications for M&E of EbA measures:
Monitoring and evaluation – how to measure success of Ecosystem-
based Adaptation: Learning brief (GIZ 2018)
Valuing the Benefits, Costs and Impacts of Ecosystem-based
Adaptation (EbA) Measures: Sourcebook (2017)
Good Practices on Planning, Implementing and Monitoring &
Evaluating Ecosystem-based Adaptation to climate change – A
summary of GIZ project examples based on a submission to the
UNFCCC SBSTTA Nairobi Work Programme (GIZ 2017)
Development of Indicators and Guidelines for Monitoring & Evaluation
of Ecosystem-based Adaptation Measures: Concept Note (GIZ 2016)
Adaptation made to measure - A guidebook to the design and results-
based monitoring of climate change adaptation projects (GIZ 2013)
Forthcoming mid-2019: Monitoring and evaluating ecosystem-based
adaptation – A guidebook for practitioners and planners (GIZ)
Thank you for your attention!
Binh Bui My
NAP-Ag coordinator, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development of Vietnam
Pauline Probst
Policy Advisor, GIZ

14.
Forestry sector priorities
• Forest cover target: 45% (16 Mha) by
2030
• Plantations: shift from wood chip to
sawn-timbers; increase of value added;
increase of domestic wood supply
• Natural forests: no logging;
enrichment, restoration; NTFPs
• CC M & A: restoration of coastal
forests; emission reduction & removal
enhancement (INDC, REDD+, etc)
• Certification: national scheme;
standards (FM, CoC); wood legality;
group certification for small growers

15.
Photocredit:MINAMPeru
Steps Process Indicator Outcome Indicator Impact Indicator
1. Define subject Income-generating activities Income-generating activities People have a more stable income that
is less dependent on weather events
2. Specify quantity of
change
1. A total of ten breeding cows and 2
800 kg of grass seedlings to grow on
an area of 400-500m2, for ten
households
2. On average, 3 400 fishes per
household for 10 households
3. A total 12 kg of vegetable seedlings
(including 7 different vegetable
species), 3000 m2 of net for
reducing impacts of heat and rain,
and 500 kg of bio-fertilizer, for ten
households
10% of the households 35% of the households
3. Specify quality of
change
Provided and new livelihood activities
initiated
Working with alternative
livelihood activities, first income
increases visible
Increase and more stabilized/reliable
income
4. Define time horizon 12.2016 – 1.2017 (2 months) 2016 – 2018 (2 years) 2016 – 2024 (8 years)
5. If applicable, specify
disaggregation (i.e. by
gender, geographical
reference)
Men and women in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district, who have been
selected for the pilot
Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district
Men and women in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district
Combine 5 steps into 1
indicator (specific to
subject)
Within two months (12.2016 – 1.2017), a
total of ten breeding cows and 2 800 kg of
grass seedlings to grow on an area of 400-
500m2; 34 000 fishes; 12 kg of vegetable
seedlings (including 7 different vegetable
species); 3 000 m2 of net for reducing
impacts of heat and rain, and 500 kg of
bio-fertilizer have been provided to a total
of 30 households in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district, including men and
women alike, and the work with the new
livelihood activities has been initiated.
10% of the households in Hoa
Binh village, Quang Trach district
(men and women alike) have
started working in alternative
livelihoods and are experiencing
first increases in income within
the first two years.
35% of the households in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district (men and
women alike) have increased and
stabilized their income through the
new livelihood activities within 8 years
(2016 – 2024).

16.
Photocredit:MINAMPeru
Steps Process Indicator Outcome Indicator Impact Indicator
1. Define subject Training and advice on income-
related activities (cow raising and
grass cultivation, fish raising and
vegetable growing)
Training and advice > technical skill
development and application
within the three livelihood
activities
People have a more stable income
that is less dependent on weather
events
2. Specify quantity of
change
3 full days of technical training for
a total of 30 households (10 per
each livelihood) provided;
technical advice and support in
monitoring the activities provided
at least twice per month
10% of the households 35% of the households
3. Specify quality of
change
Gained technical skills on new
livelihood activities
Gained technical skills in new
livelihood activities and are
applying them in practice
Increase and more
stabilized/reliable income
4. Define time horizon 12.2016 – 11.2017 (1 year) 2016 – 2018 (2 years) 2016 – 2024 (8 years)
5. If applicable, specify
disaggregation (i.e. by
gender, geographical
reference)
Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district, who
have been selected for the pilot
Men and women in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district
Men and women in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district
Combine 5 steps into 1
indicator (specific to
subject)
3 full days of training on
alternative livelihood activities
(cow raising and grass cultivation,
fish raising and vegetable growing)
are provided for a total of 30
households in Hoa Binh village,
Quang Trach district, which have
been selected for the pilot (10 per
each livelihood), including men
and women equally, within one
year (12.2016 –
11.2017).Technical advice and
support in monitoring the
activities is provided to the same
group at least twice per month in
the same time period.
10% of the households in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district have
gained technical skills in one of the
three livelihood activities (cow
raising and grass cultivation, fish
raising, vegetable growing) and
started to work with these new
livelihoods within two years (2016
– 2018).
35% of the households in Hoa Binh
village, Quang Trach district have
increased and stabilized their
income through the new livelihood
activities within 8 years (2016 –
2024).

17.
Increasing resilience: Recent insights from the project sites