1.
SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
NAJMAH, SKM, MPH, PHD
NURMALIA ERMI, SST, MKM

2.
Refleksi Bonita’s Story
Menurut saya, dari kasus Bu Bonita kita dapat
mendapat pelajaran bahwa kasus HIV tidak hanya
menyerang orang-orang pekerja seks dan orang yang
bersalah ataupun akibat dari perilaku nya sendiri.
Tetapi dapat menyerang siapa saja, kita harus lebih
berhati-hati dalam melakukan apapun termasuk dalam
melakukan hubungan seks dengan pasangan. Dan
perlu adanya keterbukaan antara pasangan suami dan
istri sehingga tahu latar belakang masing-masing.
(FARIDA NUR AZIZA)
Dari membaca kisah Ibu Bonita tadi hal yang dapat
saya ketahui yaitu bagaimana pentingnya pendidikan
tentang hiv/aids kepada seluruh kalangan termasuk ibu
rumah tangga, karena selama ini pendidikan tersebut
condong berpusat diberikan ke pekerja seks.
(DIAN PALUPI )https://www.insideindonesia.org/ibu-rumah-tangga-dan-
hiv

3.
Today
(1) Definition of Social Epidemiology epidemiologi
sosial
(2) History of Social Epidemiology
(3) Sociostructural factors and determinants in the
field of social epidemology

4.
Definition of Social Epidemiology

5.
Social Epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology that focuses particularly on the
effects of social-structural factors on states of health.
Social epidemiology assumes that the distribution of advantages and
disadvantages in a society reflects the distribution of health and disease.
The central and initial question of social epidemiology to be answered is what
effect do social factors have on individual and population health.
Social epidemiology focuses particularly on the effects of socio-structural
factors on states of health
Sumber: HONJO, Kaori, 2004, Social Epidemiology: Definition, History, and
Research Examples

6.
In other words.....
The field of social epidemiology, suggesting a
multilevel framework within which to think about
causation and making it acceptable for social
epidemiologists to make their central focus the
study of how social factors, such as social ties,
poverty, and racial segregation, might shape the
health of populations.
Pathways: the social, cultural, political and
economic context
Sumber: Galea, Sandro & Link, Bruce G, 2013, Six Paths for the Future of
Social Epidemiology

7.
History of Social Epidemiology

8.
France
• Villerme examined
differences in mortality
between the poor and
the affluent
Germany
• Virchow reported the
relationship between
poor social conditions
and the typhus
epidemic in Upper
Silesia
London
• Chadwick reported
that unsanitary soil, air
and water were major
causes of diseases
19th century:
Societal
conditions affect
physical health`
The improved
schooling and working
conditions would
reduce disparities in
mortality between the
poor and the affluent
Unequal access to
society’s products was
the fundamental cause
of unequal distribution
of diseases in the
society
promoting sanitation
measures to improve
the health of the poor

9.
Germ theory
• New germs cause
diseases
The rise of
infectious
diseases
• Exposure to a single
individual risk factors
to multipe single risk
factors
Modern
epidemiology
• Social epidemology—
the importance of
socio-structural factors
on health as well as in
a population
perspective
20th century:
Web of causation

10.
Social epidemiologist argue
“how do social conditions produce patterns and diseases”?
The central question of social epidemiology
“What are the effects of social factors such as social structure, culture and
environment on both individual and population health?”

11.
Sociostructural factors in the field of
social epidemology
SOCIAL
EPIDEMIOLOGYSocial class
Gender
Race/Ethni
city
Discrimina
tion Social
network
Income
distribution
Social
policy
Sumber: HONJO, Kaori, 2004, Social Epidemiology: Definition, History, and Research Examples

12.
Social
determinants
of health

13.
Example1:
Integrated
care:asolution
forimproving
Exchildren's
health?
Ingrid Wolfe, Claire Lemer, Hilary Cass, 2013, Integrated care: a
solution for improving children's health?

14.
How to understand the concept
Let’s Reflecting on Bonita’s story
What factors that contribute to women’s vulnerability to HIV?
Please list them:
1. .........................................................................
2. .........................................................................
3. .........................................................................
4. .........................................................................
5. .........................................................................
6.........................................................................etc

15.
Individual factors: Interpersonal/Family factors:
Social and community (health services) networks Socio-economic, cultural and environmental
conditions
Please categorise the factors into social
determinants of health (from Bonita’s story)

16.
How to create a health promotion to reduce
the women’s vulnerability to HIV in
Indonesian context?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2quVLcJVBk

17.
Let’s do a group discussion
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