3.  GMOs, or “genetically modified organisms,” are
plants or animals that have been genetically
engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or
other plants and animals. These experimental
combinations of genes from different species
cannot occur in nature or in traditional
crossbreeding.

4.  Most developed nations do not consider GMOs to be
safe. In more than 60 countries around the
world, including Australia, Japan, and all of the
countries in the European Union, there are significant
restrictions or outright bans on the production and
sale of GMOs. In the U.S., the government has
approved GMOs based on studies conducted by the
same corporations that created them and profit from
their sale. Increasingly, Americans are taking matters
into their own hands and choosing to opt out of the
GMO experiment.

6. Advantages
 It prolongs the shelf life
of food.
 Better tasting food
 Faster growth
 Higher crop yields
 Bacteria and insect
cannot easily penetrate
the food.
 Food allergy
 Increased toxicity
 Decreased nutritional
value
 Harms other organisms
 Antibiotic resistance
Disadvantages

7.  Verifying only high-risk products puts a heavy burden
on consumers to know what products are at risk of
containing GMOs.
 Through verifying low-risk products, the Non-GMO
Project’s work builds consumer interest and industry
investment in Non-GMO, even for crops that aren’t
genetically engineered yet.

9.  The term “ecology” was coined by the German
zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, in 1866 to describe the
“economies” of living forms. The word ECOLOGY
comes from Greek words “oikos” which means house
and “logy” meaning “the study of” meaning “study of
the house”. Ecology is the study of the “household” of
living things: their neighbors and neighborhood.
 . Ecology is essential in providing the information on
how the world works. It also provides facts on the
interdependence between the natural world and
people.

10.  Organismal /physiological/ behavioral ecology
-It focuses on how the living organisms (animal and
plants) react to biotic and abiotic factors in their
environment; physiology, morphology and behavior.
 Population ecology
-It deals with studies of structure and dynamics of
populations. That is; factors that affect population and
how and why a population varies over time.

11.  Community Ecology
-This deals with the interactions between organisms that
is, the feeding relationships among species, or who
helps who, who competes with whom and for what
resources and how those interactions affect
community structure (the organization of a biological
community with respect to ecological interactions).
 Ecosystem Ecology
-Is a community of living organism that
is, animals, plants and microbes together with abiotic
components of their environment.

20. Scientific studies reveal that
human activities have
contributed significantly to
the increase of
environmental issues and
problems.

22.  A medical laboratory that formulates and
makes medicines for deadly illnesses
dispose chemicals in a river. resulting from
this, the living organisms especially the
fishes are leaving the river making the
livelihood of the community in danger. As a
citizen are you willing to stop the activities
of the laboratory?

23.  No, because of the Principle of DOUBLE EFFECTS
 Only the good effect (to create medicines) and not the bad
(drive the fishes away) is the sole intention of the act;
 There is a proportionate reason for placing the action and
permitting the bad effect, which is to create medicines for the
sick.
 Yes, because it contradicts the principle of STEWARDSHIP
 We are stewards and we need to take care of God’s creations;
 Respect for life;
 It falls under the fallacy of technologies.

24.  A pig was combined with human genes to make the
transplantation of pig’s organs or genes to human possible.
Also, a gene that would tell the pig with human genes was
also injected and it made the pig’s eyes to be fluorescent.
Scientist believed that the success of creating a mutated
pig would provide organs to more patients who are in need
and help to make medicines for certain diseases.
However, the environmental organizations stated that it is
the abuse of animal and also against the flow of nature.
Moreover, patients who had a successful transplantation of
pig’s gene to kill the disease inside the body did not have
any positive effects at all. What should you do?

25.  The act should be stopped because:
 PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP
 We must take care of God’s creations and since it does not
have any possible effects it must be stopped;
 Falls under the fallacy of technologies.
 PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
 There should be TWO EFFECTS: good and bad;
 The good effect is not produced by means of the bad effect;
 Only the good is intended and not the bad effect.
 PRINCIPLE OF EPIKEIA
 Does not set aside what is just in itself, but just in the law
established; since the act itself violates the laws for animal
rights.

26.  In the year 2050, the supply of food is
diminishing, especially meat products.
GMO is now highly developed and in this
crisis, it is in great demand. If you are a
consumer, are you willing to buy products
that resulted from GMO's?

27.  Yes, because of the PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE
EFFECT
 Because the good (for the people to have food to
eat), and not the bad (making use of GMO) is
directly intended
 There is a proportionate reason for doing the
action and permitting the bad effect; in order for
the people to have enough food in the midst of
crisis, GMO is permitted.

28.  Mining companies throw their wastes
in the river, causing the death the
fishes in the river and also putting the
lives of the citizens in danger. Are you
going to have a petition for it to be
stopped?

29.  Yes, because of the following principles:
 PRINCIPLE OF PREFERENCE
 The health and the rights of the people are far more
important than the mining companies’ waste
disposal issues,
 PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP
 The gift of human life, as well as the natural
environment, should be treated with respect and
utter care.

30.  A farmer raised thousands of chickens in his farm and sold
them to the market. A common chicken takes more than
5months to be a fully grown chicken. The farmer wanted to
reduce the time and sell more chickens. Hence, he adopted
the methods that other farmers were using to raise their
chickens fasther through the injection with certain genes
that fastens the growing period. As a result, the chickens in
his farm started to fully grow only in 2months. It looked
physically same as natural chicken. However, soon the
consumers who ate his chickens started to experience
symptoms like allergy and stomaches. What should you
do?

31.  The farmer must stop due to the following
principles that it violates:
 Principle of STEWARDSHIP
 Life is given by God and therefore should be given
importance and care.
 Principle of PREFERENCE
 Since human life is already at stake, it is better not to
continue using GMO.
 Principle of DOUBLE EFFECT
 The consequences of using GMO are risky for
humans to eat.

32.  A scientist created a corn that can grow faster and
contains more nutritions than a usual corn and
have a function of pesticides in itself. Soon, seeds
of the corn were distributed to the farmers and
sold to consumers. After several months, the
farmers found out that the corns were killing not
only farmful insects but also microorganisms and
insects that live in the land and give nutrition to
the soil. The soils around the places became
useless and even got weaker.

33.  The scientist should stop producing the
modified corn due to the following
principles that it violates:
 Principle of STEWARDSHIP
 Life of the organisms are at stake
 Destroys biodiversity
 Fallacy of Technological Imperative
 Principle of DOUBLE EFFECT
 The good is being sacrificed

34.  http://fmicrofarm.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/20120720-073643.jpg
 http://bootcampnews.net/2012/09/26/
 http://www.nongmoproject.org/learn-more/
 http://www.bt.ucsd.edu/gmo.html
 http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-
gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732
 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ecology/
 http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/ecology/ecoindex.html
 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecology
 http://eco-globe.com/types-of-ecology/
 http://www.lenntech.com/environmental-problems.htm

35.  Andrade, Sophia Maye
 Baluyot, Anna Pamela
 Deuna, Ina Francesca
 Lee, Sujeong
 Lustñas, Bridgette
 Perez, Nicole Anne
 Tacujan, Niña Salve