1.
Three
Dimensional Art
By : Murniati. S,Pd., M.Si

2.
Sculpture
Sculpture is art of producing in three
dimensions representations of natural or
imagined forms. It includes sculpture in the
round, which can be viewed from any
direction, as well as incised relief, in which
the lines are cut into a flat surface.

3.
Bolivia and the Sumerian sculpture

4.
Sculpture from the Mao era

5.
A form of art based on the three-dimensional representation of
an object. Sculptors most frequently represent the human
figure. Less common subjects are animals and, especially,
nature (landscape) and inanimate objects (still lifes). A
sculptor’s principal means of expression include the
arrangement of a figure in space; the unification of movement,
pose, and gesture; and the representation of light and shade to
convey depth. Equally important are the architectonic
organization of volume, the visual relationship of mass and
weight, the selection of proportions, and the character of the
silhouette.

6.
Sculpture of an
ancient
Assyirian
Lamassu

7.
Sculpture at Shawn Wines, NSW Australia

8.
History Ancient Sculpture
Sculpture has been a means of human expression since
prehistoric times. The ancient cultures of Egypt and
Mesopotamia produced an enormous number of sculptural
masterworks, frequently monolithic, that had ritual
significance beyond aesthetic considerations, Assyrian art,
Sumerian and Babylonian art, Hittite art and architecture,
Phoenician art

9.
Mesopotamia sculpture

10.
Modern sculpture
Of the irish writer
Oscar wilde

11.
The sculptors of the ancient Americas developed superb,
sophisticated techniques and styles to enhance their works,
which were also symbolic in nature, Columbian art and
architecture,North American Native art
In Asia sculpture has been a highly developed art form since
antiquity Chinese art,Japanese art, Indian art and architecture

12.
Adam henein : Egypt’s sculpture icon

13.
Sculpture group of freed prisoners
By Fritz Cremer

14.
In Europe the great religious architectural sculptures of the
Romanesque and Gothic periods form integral parts of the church
buildings, and often a single cathedral incorporates thousands of
figural and narrative carvings. Outstanding among the
Romanesque sculptural programs of the cathedrals and churches
of Europe are those at Vézelay, Moissac, and Autun (France),
Hildesheim (Germany), and Santiago de Compostela (Spain).
Remarkable sculptures of the Gothic era are to be found at
Chartres and Reims (France); Bamberg and Cologne (Germany).
Most of this art is anonymous, but as early as the 13th cent. the
individual sculptor gained prominence in Italy with Nicola and
Giovanni Pisano.
Western Sculpture from the Middle Ages
to the Seventeenth Century

15.
Gargoyle on Notre Dame with skyline Paris
An Eifel tower

16.
Dallas slupture, Hither & Thither,
There’s hope

17.
Modern Sculpture
The 18th cent. modified the dramatic and grandiose style of the
baroque to produce the more intimate art of Clodionand Houdon,
and it also saw the birth of neoclassicism in the work of Canova.
This derivative style flourished well into the 19th cent. in the work of
Thorvaldsen and his followers, but concurrent with the
neoclassicists, and then superseding them, came a long and
distinguished line of French realist sculptors from Rude to Rodin
.

18.
Bamberg artwork sculpture man red modern art

19.
The runners at the market square , Sint Niklaas

20.
Basic types of sculpture are distinguished:
-The sculptural group (two or several figures forming a single
sculpture)
- The statuette (a figure significantly smaller than life-size)
- The torso (representation of the human trunk)
-The bust (representation of a person from the chest up).
Various types of relief are distinguished according to its purpose
and position on a flat architectural surface (for example, the
frieze, pedimental composition, and plafond). Reliefs are
distinguished according to height and depth as being low reliefs,
high reliefs, intaglios, and sunk reliefs.

21.
Terracotta warriors, soldier sculptures group in Xian, China

22.
Mahatma Gandhi’s two sided bust in South Africa by Birad

23.
Sculpture embraces such varied techniques as modeling,
carving, casting, and construction—techniques that materially
condition the character of the work. Whereas modeling permits
addition as well as subtraction of the material and is highly
flexible, carving is strictly limited by the original block from which
material must be subtracted. Carvers, therefore, have sometimes
had recourse to construction in which separate pieces of the
same or different material are mechanically joined together.
Casting is a reproduction technique that duplicates the form of an
original whether modeled, carved, or constructed, but it also
makes possible certain effects that are impractical in the other
techniques.
Techniques and Materials

24.
Pixelated sculpture, colosal art

25.
Bronze casting is also a technique of
extreme antiquity, The Greeks and
Chinese mastered the cire perdue (lost-
wax) process, which was revived in the
Renaissance and widely practiced until
modern times. Little Greek sculpture in
bronze has survived, apparently because
the metal was later melted down for other
purposes, but the material itself resists
exposure better than stone and was
preferred by the Greeks for their
extensive art of public sculpture. Metal
may also be cast in solid, hammered,
carved, or incised forms

26.
Modern sculpture, United States,
Design LLC

27.
Oscar statue, who is statuette base on cost

28.
The purpose and content of a work of sculpture determine its
plastic structure, which in turn influences the choice of material.
The technique for creating a sculpture depends largely on the
natural properties of the material. Soft substances, such as
clay, wax, and Plasticine, are modeled; the most common
modeling tools are wire loops and steccas. Hard materials, for
example, various kinds of stone and wood, are carved.
Unwanted material is removed from a block of hard material,
thereby gradually freeing a volumetric form seemingly
concealed in the block. A mallet and a set of metal tools (chisel,
pitching and corner chisels, among others) are used to work a
block of stone,

29.
Clay sculpture By Jess Miller

30.
The process of creating a sculptural work involves a series of
stages. The first step is the modeling of sketches and studies
out of Plasticine or clay. An armature (iron rods, wire, nails,
wood) is then made for sculpture in the round, and a model of
the desired size is shaped on a revolving stand. To make a
relief a vertically secured panel (wood) is set up, and the model
is arranged on it. Clay models are subsequently transformed
into plaster of paris models by means of a waste or piece mold.
These models are then reproduced in hard materials (stone or
wood) with a pointing machine. For working or casting metal the
appropriate technique is used, with subsequent coining. The
final step is often patinating or painting the sculpture.

31.
Roman horse torso statue

32.
Indonesian Sculpture
Located near Bali’s airport, this is the tallest statue in Indonesia. It is the 14th
tallest statue in the world and becomes the third-tallest if its base is counted. It
depicts the Hindu deity Vishnu riding the mythical Garuda bird. The statue
was designed in 1990 with the backing of then-tourism minister Joop Ave.
Construction commenced in 1997 and took 21 years to complete because of
funding and engineering problems. The Garuda’s tail was the last of 754 parts
erected.
Garuda Wisnu Kencana

33.
Height: 121 meters (46m base, 75m statue)
Erected: September 22, 2018
Creator: Nyoman Nuarta
Place: Bukit Ungasan, Badung regency, Bali

34.
In 1959, president Sukarno commissioned a 27-year-old
sculptor from Yogyakarta, Edhi Sunarso, to make a 9-meter-
high bronze statue to welcome foreign athletes to the 1962
Asian Games in Jakarta. The city’s then-deputy governor
Henk Ngantung had come up with the concept of a teenage
boy and girl standing atop two pillars. Their stance was based
on Sukarno’s gesture of welcome with his arms outstretched.
Edhi, who had learned to draw and sculpt while a prisoner of
the Dutch, was reluctant to take the job, having never used
bronze, let alone attempted such a large statue.
Welcome Monument

35.
Sukarno responded it would be
shameful if the project were given to
a foreign sculptor. Edhi’s first two
models were rejected. His third
attempt was approved. Edhi then
studied a book on metal casting,
sought advice from a man who made
statues for churches, and visited a
building site to learn about using
steel, wire braces and concrete
Height: 30 meters (including 22m pedestal)
Erected: 1962
Creator: Edhi Sunarso
Place : Hotel Indonesia roundabout, Central Jakarta

36.
Youth Advancement Monument
This memorable statue’s numerous nicknames include the Mad
Waiter, Pizza Guy and Hot Hands Harry. It is not one of Sukarno’s
Soviet-style monuments, but was ordered by Suharto to inspire
Indonesian youths to participate in national development. The
near-naked man is shouting while his muscles strain as he holds
aloft a flaming platter. The flames symbolize the eternal spirit of
youth. Designed by a group of sculptors called the Bureau of
Architecture Art Engineers, it was built over July 1971 to March
1972. Funded by state oil company Pertamina, the statue was
presented to Jakarta to celebrate the city’s 445th anniversary. It is
made from steel-framed concrete coated with terrazzo.

37.
Height: 24.9 meters
Erected: March 1972
Creators: Imam Supardi, Munir
Pamuncak
Place : Jalan Sudirman, South Jakarta

38.
Take a drive around the southern outskirts of Manado and you’ll
see this enormous statue suddenly looming out of a steep hillside,
arms outstretched and leaning forward, as if launching into the
heavens. It was built on a residential complex owned by Ciputra,
a prominent real estate developer and art collector. It is Asia’s
second-tallest and the world’s fourth-tallest statue of Christ.
Jesus Blesses

39.
Height: 50 meters
(20m pedestal, 30m statue)
Unveiled: December 2,
2007
Creators: Team of sculptors
from Yogyakarta
Place : CitraLand Manado,
North Sulawesi

40.
In recent years, Islamic extremist groups have demanded the
destruction of this bronze statue, claiming it symbolizes
communism. The statue depicts a peasant youth, about to set off
to fight against the Dutch. He is wearing a rice farmer’s conical
hat, with a rifle on his shoulder, while his mother gives him a bowl
of rice. The statue is colloquially known as the Farmer’s
Monument (Tugu Tani). Sukarno had visited Moscow in 1956 and
was impressed by its statues. He later invited Soviet sculptor
Matvey Manizer and his son Ossip Manizer to visit Indonesia to
design a statue symbolizing the country’s fight for independence.
Heroes Monument

41.
Height: 5 metres Creators: Matvey Manizer, Ossip Manizer
Erected: 1963 Place : Jalan Prapatan, Menteng, Central Jakarta

42.
THANK YOU
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