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Muhammad, Mecca, the Five Pillars,
Women
Islam
First of all…
 Islam is the 3rd of the Great Western Religions
that come from the Middle East
 Judaism being first, Christianity being
second…
 Islam acknowledges Abraham as the first to
receive the message of God
 Acknowledges Jesus as a Prophet of God
as well.
 Considered by followers to be the last word
of God that was perfectly submitted to the
final prophet Muhammad.
Remember Abraham???
 God asked him to
sacrifice his son,
Isaac, to demonstrate
his obedience and
faith?
 Remember him?
 According to Islam,
Abraham’s other son,
Ishmail, was cast out
into the wilderness
and that Ishmail was
the first Muslim.
Muhammad the Prophet
 570-632 AD
 “The last of the
prophets”
 A trader who traveled
the Middle Eastern
world and saw all the
corruption and
problems.
 According to Islam, at
age 40, started
receiving the word of
God
 Memorized them, his
followers wrote them
down in the Qur’an, the
holy book of Islam.
Muhammad and Mecca
 Left his town of Mecca
with his followers when he
was persecuted.
 Fought many campaigns
for dominance in rival
towns, unifying the many
tribes of Arabia into one
united clan under Islam.
 Returned to Mecca in 630
with “tens of thousands of
soldiers” and, according to
the Qur’an, took the city
without a person dying.
 Passed away in 632 AD
 Islam= “surrender”
Who Will Rule?
 The next few leaders of Islam were
called the “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
or “Kings”
 Expanded the world of Islam
through Asia, Middle East, Africa,
and even parts of Europe.
 And then they were being
assassinated…
 Islam, at this point, splits…
Expansion of Islam
Check for Understanding
 Who was the father of all 3 religions that we are
talking about?
 What was the name of Abraham’s son that,
according to Islam, was the first Muslim?
 Who is the last and most important of the Islamic
prophets?
 What is the name of the Islamic holy book?
 What city is the holiest city for Islam?
 What group of people ruled after Muhammad
passed?
Division
 Sunni
 The leader of Islam
should be elected
 Should be chosen as
the most capable
 Most common of
Muslims (85%)
 Shi’a
 The leader of Islam
should be one of
Muhammad’s
decendents.
 If Muhammad is
chosen by God, his
family members and
his line have also
been chosen.
 Or others believed to
be chosen by God.
 Fewer followers
(15%)
Differences Between the
Groups?
 Practices are almost
identical.
 Division over who
should be the Imams,
or the leaders of the
religion (think a Priest
or Rabbi)
 The two groups DO
NOT get along in
MOST parts of the
world.
 Iraq, Jordan, Syria,
Sudan, Lebanon,
Bahrain, Nigeria…
Islamic Practices and Terms
 The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahada: The Islamic Creed, or words
 There is no God but Allah and Muhammad
is his Prophet.
Salah: Prayer 5 times daily facing
Mecca (Holiest City)
Zakat: almsgiving, or donating to the
poor.
Sawm: Fasting during the month of
Ramadan.
Salah- Prayer
Shahada- The Creed
 There is no God but Allah and
Muhammad is his Prophet.
Zakat- giving to the poor
Sawm- Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj- Pilgrimmage to Mecca
Check AGAIN
 What are the two groups of Islam
that exist today?
 What is the main difference
between the two groups?
 What are the major practices of
Islam called?
 What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Women in Islam
 Women are seen
wearing Hijab
 Covering of all parts
that are not the face
including hair, hands,
feet.
 Some cases, only the
eyes are visible.
 Islam is very
protective of women.
 Can only be seen
without hijab by
closest of family
members inside their
house.
Spread of
Islam
 After Muhammad
returned to Mecca,
Islam became fastest
spreading religion in the
history of the world.
 Stretched everywhere
until the Caliphs and
Muhammad passed
 The spread stopped in
the Dark Ages (1100-
1400 CE) and the
Middle East and
Northern Africa formed
the Ottoman Empire
 Largest and most
powerful empire in the
world at the time.
 Full of knowledge,
wealth, goods,
medicine…
 Best place in the world
to live at the time.
Islam ppt

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Islam ppt

  • 1. Muhammad, Mecca, the Five Pillars, Women Islam
  • 2. First of all…  Islam is the 3rd of the Great Western Religions that come from the Middle East  Judaism being first, Christianity being second…  Islam acknowledges Abraham as the first to receive the message of God  Acknowledges Jesus as a Prophet of God as well.  Considered by followers to be the last word of God that was perfectly submitted to the final prophet Muhammad.
  • 3. Remember Abraham???  God asked him to sacrifice his son, Isaac, to demonstrate his obedience and faith?  Remember him?  According to Islam, Abraham’s other son, Ishmail, was cast out into the wilderness and that Ishmail was the first Muslim.
  • 4. Muhammad the Prophet  570-632 AD  “The last of the prophets”  A trader who traveled the Middle Eastern world and saw all the corruption and problems.  According to Islam, at age 40, started receiving the word of God  Memorized them, his followers wrote them down in the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam.
  • 5. Muhammad and Mecca  Left his town of Mecca with his followers when he was persecuted.  Fought many campaigns for dominance in rival towns, unifying the many tribes of Arabia into one united clan under Islam.  Returned to Mecca in 630 with “tens of thousands of soldiers” and, according to the Qur’an, took the city without a person dying.  Passed away in 632 AD  Islam= “surrender”
  • 6. Who Will Rule?  The next few leaders of Islam were called the “Rightly Guided Caliphs” or “Kings”  Expanded the world of Islam through Asia, Middle East, Africa, and even parts of Europe.  And then they were being assassinated…  Islam, at this point, splits…
  • 8. Check for Understanding  Who was the father of all 3 religions that we are talking about?  What was the name of Abraham’s son that, according to Islam, was the first Muslim?  Who is the last and most important of the Islamic prophets?  What is the name of the Islamic holy book?  What city is the holiest city for Islam?  What group of people ruled after Muhammad passed?
  • 9. Division  Sunni  The leader of Islam should be elected  Should be chosen as the most capable  Most common of Muslims (85%)  Shi’a  The leader of Islam should be one of Muhammad’s decendents.  If Muhammad is chosen by God, his family members and his line have also been chosen.  Or others believed to be chosen by God.  Fewer followers (15%)
  • 10. Differences Between the Groups?  Practices are almost identical.  Division over who should be the Imams, or the leaders of the religion (think a Priest or Rabbi)  The two groups DO NOT get along in MOST parts of the world.  Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Sudan, Lebanon, Bahrain, Nigeria…
  • 11. Islamic Practices and Terms  The Five Pillars of Islam Shahada: The Islamic Creed, or words  There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet. Salah: Prayer 5 times daily facing Mecca (Holiest City) Zakat: almsgiving, or donating to the poor. Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
  • 13. Shahada- The Creed  There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet.
  • 14. Zakat- giving to the poor
  • 17. Check AGAIN  What are the two groups of Islam that exist today?  What is the main difference between the two groups?  What are the major practices of Islam called?  What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
  • 18. Women in Islam  Women are seen wearing Hijab  Covering of all parts that are not the face including hair, hands, feet.  Some cases, only the eyes are visible.  Islam is very protective of women.  Can only be seen without hijab by closest of family members inside their house.
  • 19. Spread of Islam  After Muhammad returned to Mecca, Islam became fastest spreading religion in the history of the world.  Stretched everywhere until the Caliphs and Muhammad passed  The spread stopped in the Dark Ages (1100- 1400 CE) and the Middle East and Northern Africa formed the Ottoman Empire  Largest and most powerful empire in the world at the time.  Full of knowledge, wealth, goods, medicine…  Best place in the world to live at the time.