1.
Learning and Knowledge Building with Wikis: The Impact of Incongruity between People’s Knowledge and a Wiki’s Information. Johannes Moskaliuk, University of Tuebingen Joachim Kimmerle, University of Tuebingen Ulrike Cress, Knowledge Media Research Center ICLS 2008, June 25th, Utrecht

2.
Outline <ul><li>Wiki-supported knowledge building </li></ul><ul><li>Theoretical model </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Systemic point of view </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Co-evolution of cognitive and social systems </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Cognitive point of view </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Four processes of learning and knowledge building </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Impact of incongruity </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Empirical analysis </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Hypotheses </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Method </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Measurement of dependent variables </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Results </li></ul></ul>

3.
Wiki-supported knowledge building <ul><li>Wikis ... </li></ul><ul><ul><li>... are compilations of websites </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>... can be edited by users </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>... can be employed without special software </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>... are easily accessible and simple to use </li></ul></ul><ul><li>write and revise text </li></ul><ul><li>create content </li></ul><ul><li>hyperlink content with other content </li></ul><ul><li>add, delete, change any part of the text </li></ul>Jointly creation of one artifact. Collaborative development of knowledge .

4.
Systemic point of view (acc. to Luhmann) wiki‘s information social system people‘s knowledge cognitive system

5.
Co-evolution of user‘s knowlege and wiki‘s information knowledge building individual learning

6.
Cognitive point of view (acc. to Piaget) existing knowledge information from the enviroment perturbation incongruity cognitive conflict equilibration accommodation assimilation

7.
Four processes of learning and knowledge building qualitative individual learning (acquisition of conceptual knowledge) qualitative knowledge building accommodation quantitative individual learning (acquisition of factual knowledge) quantitative knowledge building assimilation internalization externalization

8.
Motivation to participate is determined by incongruity linking to prior knowledge is difficult motivational barriers no cognitive conflict no new information low incongruity high incongruity cognitive conflict

9.
Hypotheses <ul><ul><li>H1 Incongruities on a medium level lead to higher quantitative increases of information in the wiki (external assimilation) compared to low and high incongruities. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H2 Incongruities on a medium level lead to higher qualitative increases of information in the wiki (external accommodation) compared to low and high incongruities. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H3 Incongruities on a medium level lead to a higher increase of factual knowledge (internal assimilation) compared to low and high incongruities. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H4 Incongruities on a medium level lead to a higher increase of conceptual knowledge (internal accommodation) compared to low and high incongruities. </li></ul></ul>

10.
Experiment <ul><li>Laboratoy setting </li></ul><ul><li>Groups with 5 to 10 participants </li></ul><ul><li>Duration: 2 hours </li></ul><ul><li>Cover story: Participants had to work with a wiki on clinical psychology including various topics (e.g. paranoia, schizophrenia) </li></ul><ul><li>Participants: 61 university students </li></ul><ul><li>43 female, 17 male (1 missing value) </li></ul><ul><li>mean age 24.6 years ( SD =10.6) </li></ul>

11.
Three conditions with different levels of incongruity biological/genetic social diathesis/stress medium incongruity low incongruity high incongruity complete wiki no content a b one-sided content condition 1 condition 2 condition 3

12.
Three conditions with different levels of incongruity wiki‘s information people‘s knowledge 3 conditions constant

13.
Dependent variables Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

14.
Dependent variables Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

15.
Dependent variables accommodation index Allusion to the diathesis-stress model structure of the arguments on the one hand… on the other hand… in contrast… nevertheless… however… Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

16.
Dependent variables 21 statements about the causes of schizophrenia The double bind theory is an empirically proven statement about the causes of schizophrenia. correct not correct I don‘t know  Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

17.
Dependent variables open question „ Describe the best argument, to explain the causes of schizophrenia learned through the work with the wiki.“ simple answers complex answers expert rating Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

18.
Results Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information 1790,45 1413,32 519,22 268,70 210,00 78,78 high medium low

19.
Dependent variables M med = 3.29 (SD med = 2.70) vs. M low = 1.78 (SD low = 1.78), t(37) = 2.04, p=.02 M med = 3.29 (SD med = 2.70) vs. M high = 2.05 (SD high = 0.94), t(37) = 1.93, p=.03 Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

20.
Dependent variables M med = 15.50 (SD med = 2.30) vs. M low = 13.70 (SD low = 2.98), t(37) = 2.16, p=.02 M med = 15.50 (SD med = 2.30) vs. M high = 14.20 (SD high = 1.96), t(37) = 1.96, p=.03 Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

21.
Dependent variables low vs., medium Chi 2 = 1, N = 43) = 4.23, p = .02. high vs. medium Chi 2 = 1, N = 43) = 5.23, p = .03. Conceptual knowledge Accommodation index Accommodation Factual knowledge Sum of added words Assimilation People’s knowledge Wiki’s information

22.
Conclusion <ul><ul><li>The processes of internal and external accommodation and </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>assimilation can be observed in an experimental setting. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H1 external assimilation / sum of added words </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H2 external accommodation / accommodation index  </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H3 internal assimilation / factual knowledge  </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>H4 internal accommodation / conceptual knowledge  </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>A medium level of incongruity between people’s knowledge </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>and a wiki’s information supports individual learning and leads </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>to more qualitative knowledge building. </li></ul></ul>

23.
<ul><li>Thanks for your attention. </li></ul>Wiki Wiki Shuttle at Honolulu International Airport