2. Anxiety Anxiety disorders affect millions of people yearly. There are five main Anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are conditions characterized by extreme, chronic anxiety that disturbs mood, thought, behavior, and/or physiological activity. The most common anxiety disorders are Generalized Anxiety Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Social Anxiety Syndrome Specific Phobias.
3. Psychiatric Approaches to Anxiety There are six main approaches to Psychology Trait Approach Humanistic Approach Cognitive Approach Biological Approach Behavioral and Social Approach Psychoanalytical Approach
4. Trait Approach Trait approach is a major approach to the study of human personality. Traits are defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.
5. Trait Approach Advantages and Disadvantages Trait approachadvantages include a strong empirical base, many practical applications, and the vastamount of research generated. (Burger 181) Theorists continue to debate the number of basic traits that make up the personality of humans. Disadvantages include the limited usefulness of the approach when dealing with problems behaviors. (Burger 181) In addition, trait theories do not address how or why individual differences in personality develop. Trait s can be poor predictors of behaviors. Studies of Trait Approach Studies done with children who had anxiety disorders focusing on Trait showed significant links.(Susa G, Benga O) Studies also found traits marks of mechanisms that contribute to the development and or maintenance of anxiety and depressive disorders. (Zinbarg, Richard E., Amanda A. Uliaszek, and Jonathan M. Adler. )
6. The biological approach to psychology The biological approach to psychology focuses on the physical and biological causes of human behavior. The perspective is that human behavior has a physiological base and can be determined by biology. It is assumes that human patterns of behavior are based on genetics. The core of Humanistic approach to psychology is that humans are inherently good, and that a belief in and respect for humanity is important for mental health.
7. Biological Approach. Advantages and disadvantages Strengths of the Biological approach are that it ties personality psychology to the discipline of biology. The research in Biological approach has identified realistic limits for the blank slate model of personality to the discipline of biology. There is also a strong emphasis on the research of the biological approach. The disadvantages of this approach are the difficulties the researchers have when testing some of their ideas. The researches have not agreed upon a single model for temperament and that the approach provides very little information on behavior change. (Burger 249) Examples of biological approach Researchers found that a combination of Psychological approach and Biological approach for sufferers of post traumatic stress disorder had a poor outcome(McCleery, Jenny M., and Allison G. Harvey.) Biological study attempting to isolate specific genes that can identify mental illness. This study found no significant links.(Fu Y, Hu S, Lam L.)
8. Humanist approach to psychology Humanistic approach to psychology that emphasizes humans uniqueness, subjectivity, and capacity for psychological growth.
9. Humanistic Approach Advantages and disadvantages Some of the advantages of the Humanistic approach are the positive side of personality are shown from a positive side. This approach has had a positive influence on psychotherapy and job satisfaction. Disadvantages include the unscientific reliance to explain free will behavior. It is also difficult to deal with the main poorly defined constraints used by humanistic theorists. This approach had been criticized for making assumptions about human nature. (Burger 304) Examples of Humanistic Approach This was a group study using the humanistic approach. The results were positive. Humanistic approach has positive results for anxiety sufferers.(Parrish M, Stanard R, Cobia D.) Humanistic approach has positive results for preventing burnout in job scenarios. (Lambie, Glenn W.)
10. Cognitive Approach Cognitive approach to psychology describes ones consistent behavior patterns in the way that a person processes information. This is how someone perceives, organizes, and stores information. (Burger 433)
11. Cognitive Approach. Advantages and disadvantages Cognitive approach advantages include a strong empirical background. It is also popular right now with the current trend toward cognitive explanation of behavior in psychology. Disadvantages could be that some feel that the concepts used by cognitive theorists are too abstract. Others have questioned whether it was always necessary to introduce cognitions to explain behavior. (Burger 433) Examples of Cognitive Approach A study of Cognitive approach in a behavioral intervention of children with anxiety and behavioral problems. The results were a positive experience for the children. (Schoenfeld N, Mathur S.) Cognitive approach has proven very valuable in the treatment of social phobias. One of the Cognitive approaches greatest successes is in the treatment of anxiety disorders. ( Eysenck, Michael W.)
12. Behavioral/Social approach to psychology Behavioral Approach is a hypothetical biological system that is focused on seeking out and achieving pleasurable goals. (Burger 303)
13.
14. Psychoanalytical Approach. Advantages and disadvantages Psychoanalytical approach strengths are that psychologists were able to correct some of the limitations on Freud’s work. Disadvantages may be the use of biased and questionable data to support theories. Some believe that the theories are oversimplified and incomplete (Burger 122) Advantages and disadvantages to psychoanalytical approach Psychotherapy was conducted on school aged children for various reasons. This approach proves to be effect and provides an important relationship for the child. (Quinn, Fenella)
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Integration of psychological and biological approaches to trauma memory: Implications for pharmacological prevention of PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress [serial online]. December 2004;17(6):485-496. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010. Perspective and Structured Group Supervision Activity. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development; Spring2006, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p32-44, 13p Lambie G. Burnout Prevention: A Humanistic Perspective and Structured Group S[serial online]. Spring2006 2006;45(1):32-44. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010.upervision Activity. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development Using Existential--HumanisticApproaches in Counseling Adolescents With Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development; Spring2008, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p26-41, 16p Parrish M, Stanard R, Cobia D. Using Existential--Humanistic Approaches in Counseling Adolescents With Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development [serial online]. Spring2008 2008;47(1):26-41. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010. ENTION TO THREAT: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THEIR JOINT CONTRIBUTION TO CHILDHOOD ANXIETYDISORDERS. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior; Sep2009, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p299-311, 13p Susa G, Benga O. TEMPERAMENTAL TRAITS AND ATTENTION TO THREAT: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THEIR JOINT CONTRIBUTION TO CHILDHOOD ANXIETY DISORDERS. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior [serial online]. September 2009;13(3):299-311. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010 The Role of Personality in Psychotherapy for Anxiety and Depression. Journal of Personality; Dec2008, Vol. 76 Issue 6, p1649-1688, 40p Reference ListZinbarg R, Uliaszek A, Adler J. 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Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010. Moving Toward and Away From the World: SocialApproach and Avoidance Trajectories in AnxiousSolitary Youth. Child Development; May/Jun2004, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p829-849, 21p, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs Gazelle H, Rudolph K. Moving Toward and Away From the World: Social Approach and Avoidance Trajectories in Anxious Solitary Youth. Child Development [serial online]. May 2004;75(3):829-849. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 16, 2010. The right to choose: Existential-phenomenological psychotherapy with primary school-aged children. Counselling Psychology Review; 2010, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p41-48, 8p Quinn F. The right to choose: Existential-phenomenological psychotherapy with primary school-aged children. Counselling Psychology Review [serial online]. April 2010;25(1):41-48. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 31, 2010.
