MongoDB Stitch is a serverless platform designed to help you easily and securely build an application on top of MongoDB Atlas. It lets developers focus on building applications rather than on managing data manipulation code, service integration, or backend infrastructure. MongoDB Stitch also makes it simple to respond to backend changes immediately, allowing you to simplify client side code and build complex flows more easily. This talk will cover ways that MongoDB Stitch helps you respond to changes in your database and take your applications to the next level.

1. Global Clusters for
a Global World
Andrew Davidson
Lead Product Manager, MongoDB Atlas

2. 3.15 Billion

3. 3.15 Billion
new internet users
since first MongoDB code commit

5. Every year a US-sized population
is coming online for the first time

6. You don’t have to be a
household-name company to
meaningfully reach them

7. meaningfully reach them

8. reach
yes, a CDN can reach

9. meaningfully reach them
but users expect more

10. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Low-latency reads, writes, updates

11. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Low-latency reads, writes, updates
• Interactive experiences

12. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification

13. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement

14. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
• Personalization

15. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
• Personalization
• Yadda...yadda

16. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
What you want
• Happy users (see above)

17. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
What you want
• Happy users
• Stay ahead of competition
• low-latency experiences
• constant agile iteration

18. Global Operational Data
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
What you want
• Happy users
• Stay ahead of competition
• Reporting
• Single connection string
• Aggregations

19. Global Operational Data = meaningful reach
What users want
• Instant gratification
• Relentless improvement
What you want
• Happy users
• Stay ahead of competition
• Global awareness

20. 100ms

21. 100ms is associated with
1% drop in sales

22. 100ms is associated with
1% drop in sales
… from some of the most beloved e-commerce sites on the internet

23. 100ms is associated with
You missing the chance to engage a customer meaningfully

24. 100ms is associated with
You missing the chance to engage a customer meaningfully
… and missing the chance to find your market fit

25. Global Write latencies from US East
US East – US East: 2ms
US East – Frankfurt: 89ms
US East – Singapore: 225ms

26. Options

27. Global Multi-Region Replication

28. Global Multi-Region Replication
Advantages
• Single connection string globally
• Low latency reads anywhere
• Cross-region High Availability
• Great for reference data
Disadvantages
• All writes go to preferred region (a large part of the world experiences slow writes)
• Low latency reads require secondary read concern
(You could even have your preferred region follow the sun to achieve part-time global writes)

29. Cluster Per Region

30. Cluster Per Region
Advantages
• Schema doesn’t need to reflect data affinity
• Easy today in MongoDB Atlas
• Independently scalable
Disadvantages
• No global aggregation
• Application tier manages end user to connection string affinity

31. Can we get the best
of both worlds?
Yes.
You, too, can have instant
gratification.

32. Global Clusters with Global Writes

34. Scale into regions over time

36. How Global Writes work

37. Data includes location attribute
globalColl:
{
_id: 123,
firstName: "Johannes" ,
lastName: "Doe”
activities" : [
{ "title": "Skiing",
"attributes": ["downhill","jumps"]
},
{ "title": "Coding",
"attributes": ["mongodb","python"]
}
],
}
globalColl:
{
_id: 123,
location : "DE",
firstName: "Johannes" ,
lastName: "Doe”
activities" : [
{ "title": "Skiing",
"attributes": ["downhill","jumps"]
},
{ "title": "Coding",
"attributes": ["mongodb","python"]
}
],
}

38. What is a location attribute?
Generally...
an ISO 3166-1 country code
• like US, DE, IN, or JP
Or optionally and more specifically
an ISO-3166-2 subdivision code
• like US-CA or US-NY
Examples Description Potential Region Affinity
US United States US East
DE Germany Frankfurt
IN India Mumbai
JP Japan Tokyo
US-CA California US West
US-NY New York US East

39. Define Global Collections

40. MongoDB Atlas will be very opinionated...
In the Data Explorer, you’ll be guided to set a shard key like
• {location : 1, <identifier> : 1}
You’ll receive global-targeting query examples
• db.globalColl.find_one( { location : "XY", <identifier> : 123 })
• etc.

41. For example {location : 1, _id : 1}
globalColl:
{
_id: 123,
location : "CA",
firstName: "Jane" ,
lastName: "Doe”
activities" : [
{ "title": "Mountaineering",
"attributes": ["glaciers"]
},
{ "title": "Coding",
"attributes": ["java","mongodb"]
}
],
}

42. MongoDB’s sharding
handles the rest

43. US East
Application
Driver
mongos mongos
Repl0
Repl1
Repl2
Repl0
Repl1
Repl2
Repl0
Repl1
Repl2
•••
US East Zone
Shard
Europe Zone
Shard
Singapore Zone
Shard
Frankfurt
Application
Driver
Singapore
Application
Driver
mongos
••• mongos
••• •••
Americas Users EMEA Users APAC Users
Global Load Balancer
MongoDB
Atlas
Global Cluster
•••

44. Connection String

45. Concise and global, it will look like
mongodb+srv://user:pass@globalCluster-rzeyq.mongodb.net

46. Concise and global, it will look like
• Your driver will use this address to discover every mongos in the cluster globally
• Taking advantage of the MongoDB 3.6 driver support for SRV records
… so you can deploy the same application code everywhere
mongodb+srv://user:pass@globalCluster-rzeyq.mongodb.net

47. Nice to have

48. What if I want low latency global
reads?

49. ...configure local reads in all zones

50. And you get low latency global reads
with the secondary read concern

51. Limits and where this is all going

52. Massive reach
MongoDB Atlas
• in-country regions for 27% of the world population
• with a much higher percent served by regions in nearby countries
Available in 56 global cloud regions
• AWS: 15 regions (38 availability zones)
• Azure: 26 regions (26 availability zones w/ 60 Fault Domains)
• GCP: 15 regions (38 Availability zones)
And the big three cloud providers MongoDB Atlas delivers on are expanding fast

53. There are gaps
Least served regions from a Cloud perspective
Africa
• S. Africa announced by Azure; a long way from most of Africa’s population, however
• Biggest economies in Africa: Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt; with Ethiopia now the fastest growing
Middle East
• We’ll see
China
• It’s complicated...
Russia
• It’s also complicated…
• Frankfurt remains best bet but also Finland on Google Cloud
Special / Government / Compliance contexts

54. But MongoDB runs everywhere
Over time we should expect more and more of the world’s population to be well served by major
cloud infrastructure
But you can always run your own MongoDB outside of where the big public cloud platforms and
MongoDB Atlas are operational
• MongoDB Ops Manager / MongoDB Cloud Manager
• Live Migrate to MongoDB Atlas when ready
So you can have a seamless development experience in any context

55. Imagine 2030

56. 2030 Projection
GDP & relative position
compared with today
1 China ↑ 17 Spain ↓
2 United States ↓ 18 Canada ↓
3 India ↑↑↑↑ 19 Egypt ↑↑↑
4 Japan ↓ 20 Pakistan ↑↑↑
5 Indonesia ↑↑↑ 21 Nigeria ↑↑
6 Russia ↑ 22 Thailand ↑↑
7 Germany ↓ 23 Australia ↓
8 Brazil ↑ 24 Philippines ↑↑
9 Mexico ↑ 25 Malaysia ↑↑
10 United Kingdom ↓ 26 Poland ↓
11 France ↓ 27 Argentina ↓
12 Turkey ↑ 28 Bangladesh ↑↑↑
13 Saudi Arabia ↑↑ 29 Vietnam ↑↑↑
14 South Korea ↓ 30 South Africa ↑↑
15 Italy ↓ 31 Colombia ↑↑
16 Iran ↑↑ 32 Netherlands ↓

57. You can go global incrementally

58. Path to Global Over Time
1. Cluster – Single Region ← deploy today for free on Atlas
a. Focus on finding traction
b. Scale up when needed in a few minutes on Atlas
2. Cluster – Multi Region HA
a. Get your application HA as well
b. Scale up when needed in a few minutes on Atlas
3. Cluster – add Global Read Regions
a. Route users to nearby application instance; use secondary reads
b. Scale up when needed in a few minutes on Atlas
4. Enable Global Writes
a. add a second write zone
b. add location attribute to your data & shard your global collections in the Atlas UI
5. Expand Reach of Global Cluster
a. add more write zones
b. or add shards to existing zones
c. scale up any time

59. And you can follow your users...

60. Now go out and reach
those 4+ billion internet users

61. (or reach a small subset of them
with my workflow processing
automation framework app.
Remember, it’s still cool if
it’s global)

62. Thanks

63. Andrew Davidson
Lead Product Manager, MongoDB Atlas
andrew.davidson@mongodb.com