2. WHY DO WE DIFFERENTIATE PUBLIC
FROM BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
MIXTURE OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATION
AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
DIVERSITY OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATION
3. WHAT IS PUBLIC ORGANIZATION?
PUBLIC ORGANIZATION REFERS TO THE
ORGANIZATION THAT CREATES PUBLIC
GOODS/SERVICES FOR SOCIETY IN
GENERAL
4. DIFFERENCES OF PUBLIC
ORGANIZATION FROM BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION
PUBLIC
POLICY’S REASONS:
REELECTED
MAIN FUNDING: TAX PAYER
DECISION MAKING
PROCESS: DEMOCRATIC
AND OPEN
MISSION: GOODNESS AND
PUT THE MORAL
CONSIDERATION IN
PRIORITY
BUSINESS
PROFIT
CUSTOMERS AND OWNERS
MARKET MECHANISM
FINANCIAL BENEFIT,
DECISION IS BASED ON
PROFIT AND LOST
CONSIDERATION
5. TOMKIN’S TYPOLOGY OF
ORGANIZATIONS
1. FULLY PRIVATE
2. PRIVATE WITH PART STATE OWNERSHIP
3. JOINT PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VENTURE
4. PUBLIC INFRASTUCTURE OPERATING
PRIVATELY
5. REGULATED PRIVATE COMPANIES
6. CONTRACTED OUT OF PUBLIC JOB
7. PUBLIC WITHOUT COMPETTION
8. PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC
ORGANIZATION
1. MULTIPLE AND CONFLICTING SERVICE OBJECTIVES
2. MULTIPLE AND ARTIFICIALLY RAISED EXPECTATIONS
3. SO MANY HIGH POWER STAKEHOLDERS WITH DIFFERENT DEMANDS
4. DIFFERENT DEMAND AND EXPECTATION OF FUNDING BODIES
5. DIVERS SOURCES OF FUNDING
6. BENEFICIARIES OF SERVICE NOT CONTRIBUTING DIRECTLY
7. FUNDING RECEIVED IN ADVANCE OF SERVICE
8. DEPEND HEAVILY ON RULLING PARTY
9. OBLIGATION TO COMPLY WITH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES
10. STATUTORY REQUIREMENT
11. PROHIBITION ON RAISING REVENUE OR CAPITAL
12. FUND EXPENDITURE BASED ON THE APPROVED PLANS
13. HIGH SENSITIVITY ON COMMUNITY’S PRESSURE
8. CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC
ORGANIZATION FROM BABER
1. HIGH COMPLEXITY OF TASKS AND AMBIGUE
2. PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING OF DECISIONS
3. THE EXCEEDING EMPLOYEES WITH DIFFERENT
MOTIVES
4. PROTECTING THE EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES
5. COMPENSATING THE MARKET FAILURE
6. THE IMPORTANCE OF SYMBOLIC ACTIONS
7. THE EMPHASISE ON STANDARDS, PROCEDURES,
RULES AND REGULATIONS
8. FOCUS ON DEROGATING UNJUSTICE
9. FOCUS ON PUBLIC INTERESTS
10. MAINTAINING THE PUBLIC SUPPORTS
9. WHY IS PUBLIC ORGANIZATION
INEFFICIENT?
1. THE ABSENCE OF COMPETTION
2. LOOSE OF BUDGET CONTROL
3. UNCLEAR PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENT
4. NO INSENTIVE SYSTEM
5. THE EXCESSIVE OF ADMINISTRATIVE
EMPLOYEES
6. THE ABSENCE OF DYNAMIC
LEADERSHIP
10. WHY IS PUBLIC ORGANIZATION
INEFFICIENT?
1. THE ABSENCE OF COMPETTION
2. LOOSE OF BUDGET CONTROL
3. UNCLEAR PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENT
4. NO INSENTIVE SYSTEM
5. THE EXCESSIVE OF ADMINISTRATIVE
EMPLOYEES
6. THE ABSENCE OF DYNAMIC
LEADERSHIP