Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
NNR
1. NEONATAL REFLEXES
Dr. Balbirsingh
J.L.N.Hospital Research centre,
Bhilai Steel Plant
2. INTRODUCTION
Actions in response to specific stimuli that are
present in newborn infants.
These are unconditioned reflexes and not learned
or developed through experience.
Normally developing neonates or infants are
expected to respond to specific stimuli with a
specific, predictable behaviour or action.
3. MORO’S REFLEXE
ELICITED BY :
PLACING THE BABY IN SEMI UPRIGHT POSITION
↓
SUDDEN DROPING OF HEAD IN RELATION TO TRUNK
AND CATCHING THE FALLING HEAD
DISAPPEARS AT 3 TO 6 MTHS
4. RESPONSE
OPENING OF HAND
EXTENSION AND ABDUTION OF UPPER EXTRIMITIES
ANTERIOR FLEXION OF UPPER EXTRIMITIES
AUDIBLE CRY
6. STARTLE REFLEX
It is variant of Moro’s Reflex.
Ellicited by: sudden loud noise or by
tapping the sternum
Response is like Moro’s reflex but
elbow remain flexed and hands closed
7. PALMER GRASP
Elicited By: Placing finger or object in open
palm of each hand
Response: Infant grasp the object and with
attempted removal grip reinforced
8. Appears at 28 weeks of gestation and
disappears at 2-3 months of life
Persistence beyond 6mths: Athetoid
CP
9. TONIC NECK REFLEX
ASYMMETRIC TONIC NECK REFLEX
Elicited By: Passive rotation of head in supine
position
Response: Extension of upper limb of same
side and flexion of upper limb of opposite side
10. Appears at birth and disappear at 3
months
Persistence > 3 months: Spastic CP
Importance: Prevents body from
rolling
11. TONIC NECK REFLEX
SYMMETRIC TONIC NECK REFLEX
Elicited By: Passive extension of head in
prone position
Response: Extension of both UL & flexion of
both LL
12. Appears in 3 mths and disappear in 6mths
Persistence > 6mths : CP
Importance: When baby learn to turn to prone
position chocking over bed may asphyxiate him so
if baby lift his chin by extension of neck both upper
limbs extend automatically and chocking avoided.
13. GALANT REFLEX
Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension or placed in prone position and
running finger down in paravertebral area on
one side
Response: Swinging of pelvis towards
stimulated side
14. Appears at birth disappear by 1 year
Used for mapping sensory level of
trunk
15. PEREZ REFLEX
Elicited By: Holding the child in prone
position and pressure applied upword
along spine.
Response: Flexion of arms and legs
with extension of neck and cry
Appear at birth and disappear at 6
weeks
16. TRACTION RESPONSE
Grasp the baby at his wrist and finger
and pull to sit
Response: Certain degree of head
control is demonstrated and head is
brought forward actively
17. ADDUCTION RESPONSE
Elicited by: holding leg of baby in extension
and sole of foot is rubbed
Response: the other leg first withdraw and
then extend with fanning of toes and bring
toward the side of stimulation (as to push the
noxious stimulus)
18. ROOTING REFLEX
(SEARCH REFLEX)
Elicited By: Touching the corner of mouth
lightly with finger
Response: Bottom lip is lowered on same
side and tongue moves towards the point of
stimulation as finger slides away head turns
to find it.
19. Appear 28 week & disappear 4-7 mths
Importance:
Absence at birth and persistence beyond 7
months indicate developmental delay
Helps the baby for finding the breast
20. SUCKING REFLEX
Elicited By: Introducing finger into babies
mouth
Response: Baby starts sucking vigorously
Appear at 28 week disappear at 4-7 months
Absence sucking at birth indicate sickness,
persistence beyond 7 mths developmental
delay
21. LANDAU REFLEX
Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension
Response: Extension of head, spine
and legs
22. Appear at 3 months disappear at 9
months
Absence beyond 3 mths indicate motor
weakness, mental sub normality & CP
23. PARACHUTE REFLEX
Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension and suddenly brought down
the baby towards ground from height
Response: Extension of both UL in
attempt to avoid injury
24. Appears at 6-9 months persists life
long.
Absent in CP and hemiplegia of
affected limb
25. PLACING REFLEX
Elicited by: Bringing the anterior aspect of tibia
against edge of table
Response: Lifts leg on the table
Appear at birth and disapper
at 6 weeks.
26. WALKING REFLEX
Elicited by: holding the baby
upright over the table so that sole
of foot presses against the table
Response: Reciprocal flexion and
extension of leg simulating
walking
Appears at birth and disappear at
6 week
27. PALMOMENTAL REFLEX
Elicited by: Pressing the palm
Response: Opening of mouth
Appear at birth and disappear
at 3 year
28. CONCLUSION
Knowledge of neonatal reflexes is important for
Understanding the human development as a
whole.
Application for over all assessment of baby
Recognition of possible neurodevelopemental
damage in prenatal and perinatal period.
Establishment of the prognosis for future
Predicting the Childs future potential