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                        Chapter 7
                           Powers
Section 7-1
   Power Functions
How do powers apply to the real world?
Powering/
Exponentiation
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent


                       xn
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent


                       xn


                      base
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent

                              exponent
                       xn


                      base
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent

                              exponent
                       xn

                              power
                      base
Powering/
          Exponentiation
An operation where a base is taken to an exponent

                              exponent
                       xn

                              power
                      base


        xn means “x to the nth power”
Base:
Base: A number that is multiplied over and over
Base: A number that is multiplied over and over


Exponent:
Base: A number that is multiplied over and over


Exponent: Number of factors of the base
Base: A number that is multiplied over and over


Exponent: Number of factors of the base


            7
        x
Base: A number that is multiplied over and over


Exponent: Number of factors of the base


          7
        x = x•x•x•x•x•x•x
Example 1
  Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
  probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
Example 1
  Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
  probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                   y = D•D•D•D
Example 1
  Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
  probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                                         4
                   y = D•D•D•D = D
Example 1
  Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
  probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                                              4
                    y = D•D•D•D = D
          b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}
Example 1
  Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
  probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                                              4
                    y = D•D•D•D = D
          b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}
Example 1
    Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
    probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                                               4
                        y = D•D•D•D = D
           b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}

     0.1   0.2    0.3    0.4    0.5    0.6    0.7     0.8     0.9 1.0
D

 y 0.0001 0.0016 0.0081 0.0256 0.0625 0.1296 0.2401 0.4096 0.6561 1
Example 1
    Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a
    probability D that he will run into a delay on the way.
a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days
                          in a row?
                                               4
                        y = D•D•D•D = D
           b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}

     0.1   0.2    0.3    0.4    0.5    0.6    0.7     0.8     0.9 1.0
D

 y 0.0001 0.0016 0.0081 0.0256 0.0625 0.1296 0.2401 0.4096 0.6561 1
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
                                    4
                           .5 = D
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
                                    4
                           .5 = D
              This answer is not in our table!
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
                                    4
                           .5 = D
              This answer is not in our table!

              We need to take a 4th root of D.
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
                                       4
                              .5 = D
              This answer is not in our table!

              We need to take a 4th root of D.
                                  4
                          4                4
                              .5 = D
Example 1
c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will
              be delayed four days in a row?
                                       4
                              .5 = D
              This answer is not in our table!

              We need to take a 4th root of D.
                                  4
                          4                4
                              .5 = D
                     D ≈ .8408964153
Power Function
Power Function

            n
   f (x ) = x , n > 0
Identity Function
Identity Function

              1
     f (x ) = x
Squaring Function
Squaring Function

                  2
     f (x ) = x
Cubing Function
Cubing Function

                  3
     f (x ) = x
Fourth Power Function
Fourth Power Function

                     4
        f (x ) = x
Fifth Power Function
Fifth Power Function

                    5
       f (x ) = x
Properties of Power
    Functions
Properties of Power
           Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
Properties of Power
           Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                   n
                 0 = 0 for all n > 0
Properties of Power
           Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                   n
                  0 = 0 for all n > 0
2. The domain is all real numbers
Properties of Power
           Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                   n
                  0 = 0 for all n > 0
2. The domain is all real numbers
       Any number can be taken to an exponent
Properties of Power
            Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                    n
                  0 = 0 for all n > 0
2. The domain is all real numbers
       Any number can be taken to an exponent
3. The range has two possibilities:
Properties of Power
            Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                     n
                   0 = 0 for all n > 0
2. The domain is all real numbers
       Any number can be taken to an exponent
3. The range has two possibilities:
        a. If n is odd, R = {y: y is all real numbers}
Properties of Power
            Functions
1. The graph goes through the origin
                     n
                   0 = 0 for all n > 0
2. The domain is all real numbers
       Any number can be taken to an exponent
3. The range has two possibilities:
        a. If n is odd, R = {y: y is all real numbers}
               b. If n is even, R = {y : y ≥ 0}
Properties of Power
    Functions
Properties of Power
           Functions
4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases:
Properties of Power
           Functions
4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases:

    a. If n is odd, there is rotational symmetry about
                          the origin
Properties of Power
           Functions
4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases:

    a. If n is odd, there is rotational symmetry about
                          the origin

   b. If n is even, there is reflection symmetry over
                         the y-axis
Homework
Homework


                       p. 423 #1-23




“If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would
      literally astound ourselves.” - Thomas A. Edison

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AA Section 7-1

  • 1. Created at wordle.net Chapter 7 Powers
  • 2. Section 7-1 Power Functions How do powers apply to the real world?
  • 4. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent
  • 5. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent xn
  • 6. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent xn base
  • 7. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent exponent xn base
  • 8. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent exponent xn power base
  • 9. Powering/ Exponentiation An operation where a base is taken to an exponent exponent xn power base xn means “x to the nth power”
  • 10. Base:
  • 11. Base: A number that is multiplied over and over
  • 12. Base: A number that is multiplied over and over Exponent:
  • 13. Base: A number that is multiplied over and over Exponent: Number of factors of the base
  • 14. Base: A number that is multiplied over and over Exponent: Number of factors of the base 7 x
  • 15. Base: A number that is multiplied over and over Exponent: Number of factors of the base 7 x = x•x•x•x•x•x•x
  • 16. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row?
  • 17. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? y = D•D•D•D
  • 18. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? 4 y = D•D•D•D = D
  • 19. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? 4 y = D•D•D•D = D b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}
  • 20. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? 4 y = D•D•D•D = D b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1}
  • 21. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? 4 y = D•D•D•D = D b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1} 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 D y 0.0001 0.0016 0.0081 0.0256 0.0625 0.1296 0.2401 0.4096 0.6561 1
  • 22. Example 1 Matt Mitarnowski drives to school. Suppose there is a probability D that he will run into a delay on the way. a. What is the probability y that he will be delayed four days in a row? 4 y = D•D•D•D = D b. Make a table for D = {.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1} 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 D y 0.0001 0.0016 0.0081 0.0256 0.0625 0.1296 0.2401 0.4096 0.6561 1
  • 23. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row?
  • 24. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row? 4 .5 = D
  • 25. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row? 4 .5 = D This answer is not in our table!
  • 26. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row? 4 .5 = D This answer is not in our table! We need to take a 4th root of D.
  • 27. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row? 4 .5 = D This answer is not in our table! We need to take a 4th root of D. 4 4 4 .5 = D
  • 28. Example 1 c. What value of D will give a probability of .5 that Matt will be delayed four days in a row? 4 .5 = D This answer is not in our table! We need to take a 4th root of D. 4 4 4 .5 = D D ≈ .8408964153
  • 30. Power Function n f (x ) = x , n > 0
  • 32. Identity Function 1 f (x ) = x
  • 34. Squaring Function 2 f (x ) = x
  • 36. Cubing Function 3 f (x ) = x
  • 38. Fourth Power Function 4 f (x ) = x
  • 40. Fifth Power Function 5 f (x ) = x
  • 41. Properties of Power Functions
  • 42. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin
  • 43. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0
  • 44. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0 2. The domain is all real numbers
  • 45. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0 2. The domain is all real numbers Any number can be taken to an exponent
  • 46. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0 2. The domain is all real numbers Any number can be taken to an exponent 3. The range has two possibilities:
  • 47. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0 2. The domain is all real numbers Any number can be taken to an exponent 3. The range has two possibilities: a. If n is odd, R = {y: y is all real numbers}
  • 48. Properties of Power Functions 1. The graph goes through the origin n 0 = 0 for all n > 0 2. The domain is all real numbers Any number can be taken to an exponent 3. The range has two possibilities: a. If n is odd, R = {y: y is all real numbers} b. If n is even, R = {y : y ≥ 0}
  • 49. Properties of Power Functions
  • 50. Properties of Power Functions 4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases:
  • 51. Properties of Power Functions 4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases: a. If n is odd, there is rotational symmetry about the origin
  • 52. Properties of Power Functions 4. Symmetry exists in 2 cases: a. If n is odd, there is rotational symmetry about the origin b. If n is even, there is reflection symmetry over the y-axis
  • 54. Homework p. 423 #1-23 “If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves.” - Thomas A. Edison