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Deep learning 
(a strojové učení obecně) 
Czech Internet Forum 2014 
Michal Illich
Michal Illich
Obsah 
● Strojové učení 
– Kdo ho používá? 
– Základní princip 
● Deep learning 
– Běžné neuronové sítě 
– Co je podstatou „deep“? 
– Proč a kde je skvělý?
Produkty strojového učení používáte každý den.
Kde se používá na webu - I
Kde se používá na webu - II
Kde se používá na webu - III
Mimo web 
Siri 
OCR 
Self-driving cars
Kde si s ním hrajeme my 
Magictable 
Brandiozo 
Golem 
a jeden neveřejný projekt
… a Brandiozo 
a 2 další, zatím neveřejné projekty
Označkovaná 
data
Naučíte model: 
Známá data → Model → Známý výsledek
Používáte model: 
Nová data → Model → Nový výsledek
II. Deep learning
1970s
1970s
1975 - backpropagation
Co chceme, aby uměly?
Co je od tehdy nového? 
Čím je učení „deep“?
1. Hloubka 
Umožněná vyšším výkonem CPU/GPU a pár triky.
2. Využití neoznačených dat
3. Triky 
● odolnost proti přeučení DropOut, DropConnect 
● jiné aktivační funkce ReLu místo sigmoidy 
● učení po vrstvách 
● konvoluční sítě
Výsledky 
Kategorizace obrázků (22000 kategorií) 
● 9,5% (nejlepší v 2011) 
● 18,3% (deep learning ze Stanfordu)
Výsledky 
Rozpoznávání řeči (Switchboard, 300 hodin) 
● chybovost 27,4 % (tradiční metody) 
● chybovost 18,5 % (deep learning)
Výsledky 
Rozpoznávání číslic (MNIST) 
● chybovost 0,39 % (2006) 
● chybovost 0,21 % (deep learning)
Open source knihovny 
Neuronové sítě: 
theano, cuda-convnet, fann 
Další algoritmy: 
gbm, libsvm, vowpal wabbit, sofia-ml, sofia-kmeans 
word2vec, gensim, NLP knihovny 
Nástroje s GUI: 
weka, orange, rapid miner
Závěr
1/3 
Mít data nestačí. Používejte je. 
kreslit barevné grafy je základ, nikoliv plné využití dat
2/3 
Strojové učení. 
nechte stroje samotné najít si vztahy v datech
3/3 
Na obrázky a zvuk hlavně deep learning. 
(ale vyzkoušet jej můžete i na jiná data)
Díky! 
michal@illich.cz 
@michalillich 
PS: Přijímáme: C, Python, PHP
Apendix: Výsledky podrobněji 
Kategorizace obrázků (22000 kategorií) 
● 9,5% (nejlepší v 2011, Weston+Bengio) 
● 18,3% (deep learning ze Stanfordu) 
Rozpoznávání řeči (Switchboard, 300h) 
● chybovost 27,4 % (GMM-HMM) 
● chybovost 18,5 % (deep learning: DNN-HMM) 
Rozpoznávání číslic (MNIST) 
● chybovost 0,39 % (energy based model, 2006) 
● chybovost 0,21 % (deep learning s DropConnectem)
Zdroje ilustračních obrázků: 
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html 
http://cl.naist.jp/~kevinduh/notes/duh12deeplearn.pdf 
http://www.positscience.com/media-gallery/detail/161/94 
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haystack_-_geograph.org.uk_-_462934.jpg 
http://www.retrowaste.com/1970s/ 
http://www.moderni-dejiny.cz/clanek/exteriery-z-obdobi-normalizace-soubor-fotografii-bohdana-holom 
icka/ 
http://zlin.cz/503516n-zlinske-jaro-odstartovalo-vystavu-ritualy-normalizace 
http://www.cs.stanford.edu/people/ang//slides/DeepLearning-Mar2013.pptx 
+ pozadí koupené ve fotobance

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Deep learning (+ úvod do strojového učení)