1.
… because good research needs good data Introduction to Research DataManagement: activities, roles and requirements Michael Day Digital Curation Centre UKOLN, University of Bath m.day@ukoln.ac.uk This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 UK: Scotland License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/scotland/ ; or, (b) send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataOutline • Introduction • The researcher perspective • Codes of Practice • Research funding bodies • The institutional perspective • Research lifecycles • Some lifecycle models • The role of the library • Activities, roles and requirements Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataWhy manage research data? • Enable reuse • Research integrity • Research impact • Linking data and publication • Making data citable • Regulatory requirements • Controlling costs • Maximising value Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataWho are the main actors? • Researchers - as creators and users • Other Data creators • Other Data (re)users • Funding bodies • Data Centres • Computer science research • Libraries • Research support/grant offices • Archivists/records managers Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataWhat is required? • Technical infrastructure • Storage (many options) • Tools • Discovery • Research Intelligence (RIM) • Policy & commitment • Human infrastructure • Researcher skills • Support services • Training Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataPotential national-level actions • Building dataset discovery • Collecting data policies • Liaise with other national & international actors • Support uptake of cloud-based tools • Exploit pool of data plans • Collecting stories on data re-use • Supporting effective citation, referencing, etc • Sharing good practice Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataThe researcher perspective • Managing and sharing data is simply part of good research: • Adhering to disciplinary and/or institutional codes of practice and policies • Has been practiced since the advent of modern science, but not always consistently; data intensive research makes it even more critical • Meeting the specific requirements of funding bodies • Reputational risks if data management is not handled properly Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataResearch codes of practice (1) • UK Research Integrity Office Code of Practice for Research (2009) Data management planning is an essential part of research design Organisations should have in place procedures, resources (including physical space) and administrative support to assist researchers in the accurate and efficient collection of data and its storage in a secure and accessible form [3.12.5] Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataResearch codes of practice (2) • RCUK Code of Conduct on the Governance of Good Research Conduct (2011) Primary data and research evidence [should be made] accessible to others for reasonable periods after the completion of the research: data should normally be preserved and accessible for 10 yrs (in some cases 20 yrs or longer) Responsibility for proper management and preservation of data and primary materials is shared between the researcher and the research organisation [although deposit within national collections is endorsed] Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataResearch funding bodies • UK Research Councils • Help fund some data archives, e.g.: • Archaeology Data Service, European Bioinformatics Institute, the NERC data centres, UK Data Archive • Support for JISC (and DCC) • RCUK Common Principles on Data Policy • Recognises that data are a critical output of the research process http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/research/Pages/DataPolicy.aspx Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataRCUK Principles (in a nutshell) • Publicly funded research data should be made openly available • Data with acknowledged long-term value should be preserved and remain accessible and usable for future research • Sufficient metadata should be recorded to enable other researchers to find and understand the research to enable re-use; published results should always include information on how to access the supporting data • Recognition that there may be legal, ethical and commercial constraints • Recognition that researchers may need privileged use of data for a limited period • All users of research data should acknowledge their sources • Appropriate to use public funds to support MRD Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataEPSRC expectations • Roadmap approved May 2012; compliance by May 2015 Appropriate metadata (including unique IDs) to be made freely available on the Internet within 12 months of data generation Data not generated in digital format should be stored in a manner to facilitate it being shared Data should be securely preserved for a minimum of 10 years after privileged access expires or the last date access was requested by a third party Adequate resources from existing funding streams EPSRC will monitor progress and compliance, and reserves the right to impose appropriate sanctions Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataImplications for researchers • Increasing number of research councils and funding bodies with data management and sharing requirements • Potential loss of research income if these mandates are not met • Need to determine the costs associated with short and longer-term management and curation and to request funds as part of grant • Responsibility for infrastructure shifting more to HEIs and less to centralised data archives, but institutional infrastructures and services are still emerging • Need guidance - some good external support • But also need more local support; often fragmented (need to draw upon existing channels within your institution wherever possible) Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataInstitutional drivers • Safeguarding research integrity • Increasing number of FOI requests for data • Adhering to existing codes of research practice and ethics • Developing new institution-wide strategies, policies and services for data storage and management • Increased institutional focus on research management (e.g., in response to REF) • Benchmarking – self-assessing infrastructure and planning for improvement • More demands but less resources to work with Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataInstitutional actors • Researchers • Both as creators and users of data • PIs (e.g., have specific roles WRT grants) • Computer scientists (informaticians, data scientists) • Administration • Research support office (e.g., grants support, research information management) • Records managers, archivists, FOI office • Central services • Computing services • Libraries (e.g., institutional repository) Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Research data lifecycles Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data (e)-Research Life Cycle view of Data Curation? Formulate hypothesis / ideas, test, (New) knowledge Data processing experiment, observe: data creation, extraction: data collection & capture mining, modelling, analysis, synthesis Data processing Data processing Data management e-Infrastructure storage & validation: Adding value: Data description, deposit, linking, annotation, Open access self-archiving,visualisation, simulation Collaboration preservation, certification Data processing Data processing Scholarly communications: data disclosure, publication, citation, discovery, re-use This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License Funded by: Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Liz Lyon December 2005 Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataE-Science Curation Report - 2003 • E-science discipline • Appropriate for current focus • Takes integrated look at higher education data curation problems • Granularity on curation activities? Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataOpen Archival Information System Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataRDM atOxford Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataResearch360@Bath• New institutional data scientist role• Addresses EPSRC expectations (published)• Doctoral Training Centre hubs• Faculty-Industry focus• Faculty cascade model• Multi-team approach http://blogs.bath.ac.uk/research360/ Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataSome library roles (in the lifecycle) • Leadership – coordinate action • Audit – who has what, where does it go? • Advice on access – data, wherever it is • Preservation (long-term access requirements) • Citability • Data/publication linking • Promoting data in teaching • Identifying skill gaps / CPD requirements Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataRe-skilling for research (RLUK, 2012) • Mary Auckland identified 9 key areas with skill gaps for subject librarians: • Ability to advise on preserving research outputs • Knowledge to advise on data management and curation, including ingest, discovery, access, dissemination, preservation, and portability • Knowledge to support researchers in complying with the various mandates of funders, including open access requirements • Knowledge to advise on potential data manipulation tools used in the discipline/ subject • Knowledge to advise on data mining • Knowledge to advocate, and advise on, the use of metadata • Ability to advise on the preservation of project records e.g. correspondence • Knowledge of sources of research funding to assist researchers to identify potential funders • Skills to develop metadata schema, and advise on discipline/subject standards and practices, for individual research projects Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Understanding data requirementshttp://www.dcc.ac.uk/ Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataData management planning Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataData registries • Findable, citable data has value • Important to link publications to data (and vice versa) • Increases citations – of data & publication • Increases reuse (hence value) • But effects exist even without publication • All benefit – researcher; institution; publisher Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Tools to track impact http://total-impact.org/ Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataActivities, roles, requirements (1) • Requirements gathering • Identifying researchers’ data requirements • Developing a shared understanding of what needs to be done (e.g., identifying where data exist, its form and scale, any existing retention requirements) • Identifying good practice within the institution (and the opposite) • Methods: surveys, focus groups, case studies, joint R&D projects, assessment tools (e.g. DAF) Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataActivities, roles, requirements (2) • Identifying motivations and benefits • For researchers, support services, the institution • Identifying risks • Data loss (institution, research group, individual) • Increased costs (lack of planning, service inefficiency, data loss) • Legal compliance (research funder, H&S, ethics, FoI) • Reputation (institution, unit, individual) • Identifying costs • Keeping Research Data Safe (KRDS) toolkit Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataActivities, roles, requirements (3) • Assessing institutional preparedness • Identifying institutional stakeholders, existing data support services, gaps • Benchmarking and planning for the future • Skills audit • CARDIO tool • Policy development • Policies – approval by senior management is just the start; policies need to be embedded in research practice and responsive to changing requirements • Data management planning • DMP online, DCC How-to Develop a Data Management Plan guide Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataActivities, roles, requirements (4) • Implementation and service development • Integrating where possible with existing services, e.g. IR, CRIS, VRE, HPC, cloud services, social media, etc. • Appraisal, deciding what needs to be kept and for how long • Storage choices – no one-size-fits-all solution, e.g. Bristol’s BluePeta petascale storage facility, Bath’s X-Drive approach, cloud approaches • Data documentation and metadata – layered approaches: top-level discovery (core metadata, collection/experiment- level?), role of standards like DCMI, CERIF, DDI, etc. Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataActivities, roles, requirements (5) • Data issues: • Appraisal: selection criteria, retention periods (who decides?) • DCC How to appraise and select research data for curation guide • Documentation: metadata, schema, semantics • Formats: proprietary formats, community standards, etc. • Provenance and authenticity • Citation (assignment of persistent IDs?) • Access (embargo policies?) • Licensing • DCC How to license research data guide Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good dataThings to do … • Create policy – collaborate with others • Growing number of policies being published (EPSRC, Wellcome Trust) • Build on existing digital services • Examples: storage, data registry • Learn about audit tools (DCC & others) • Learn about data & sources • Re-skill subject librarians • Bridge between publishers & researchers Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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What data to keep … because good research needs good dataDCC resources http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources Funded by: Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012

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… because good research needs good data Thank-you. Any questions? Michael Day Digital Curation Centre UKOLN, University of Bath m.day@ukoln.ac.uk This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 UK: Scotland License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/scotland/ ; or, (b) send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Funded by:Demystifying Research Data, JIBS/RLUK event, SOAS, London, 17 July 2012