6. ENZYMES These catalyse a transfer of a phosphate group onto a molecule such as a carbohydrate or protein Kinases To hydrolyse ATP. Many proteins have an ATPase activity which is essential for their function ATPases To hydrolyse phosphodiester bonds Nucleases To hydrolyse peptide bonds to breakdown proteins -> amino acids Proteases FUNCTION NAME
29. For example, in the production of the amino acid isoleucine in bacteria, the initial substrate is threonine which is converted by five intermediate steps to isoleucine. As isoleucine begins to accumulate, it binds to an allosteric site of the first enzyme in the pathway thereby slowing down its own production. In this way, the cell does not produce any more isoleucine than is necessary.
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