4. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author
is licensed under CC BY
5. INTRODUCTION :-
Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary
arteries as a result of atherosclerosis, plaque in the arteries.
The disease causes decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue and inadequate
myocardial oxygen supply, leading to hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, MI,
heart failure and death.
Coronary artery disease normally present in older persons.
6. DEFINITION :-
Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease,
where is a narrowing of arteries that result from a decrease in
blood supply to the heart muscles.
7. CAUSES OF CAD
Smoking :- major risk factor
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
High lipoprotein
Lack of regular exercise
Diabetes
Thrombosis
8. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
9. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CAD
Chest pain :- patients may feel pressure or tightness in chest
Shortness of breath :- patients may feel like can’t catch breath
Fatigue :- if the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs, you
may feel unusually tired.
Heart attack
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12. ASSESSMENT OF CAD
Possibly normal findings during asymptomatic periods.
Chest pain
Palpitations
Dyspnea
Syncope :- temporary loss of consciousness usually to insufficient blood flow to the
brain.
Cough or hemoptysis
Excessive fatigue
13. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
1. Electrocardiography :- if blood flow decrease then ischemia occurs.
2. Cardiac catheterization :- this help to find out atherosclerotic lesions.
3. Blood lipid levels :- blood level may be elevated.
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15. INTERVENTION OF CAD
1. Assist the client to identify risk factors the can be modified and
to set goals to promote lifestyle changes to reduce the impact of
risk factors.
2. Assist the client to identify barriers to adherence with the
therapeutic plan and to identify methods to overcome barriers.
3. Instruct the client regarding a low- calorie, low-sodium, low-
cholesterol, and low-fat diet, with an increase in dietary fiber.
Cont…….
16. INTERVENTION OF CAD
4. Stress that dietary changes should be incorporated for
the rest of the client’s life; instruct the client regarding
prescribed medications.
5. Provided community resources to the client regarding
exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction as
appropriate.
17. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
PTCA to be compress the plaque against the walls of the artery and dilate the
vessel
Laser angioplasty and dilate the vessel.
Atherectomy to remove the plaque from the artery.
Vascular stent to prevent the artery from closing and to prevent restenosis.
Coronary artery bypass grafting past the occluded artery to improve blood flow
the myocardial tissue at risk for ischemia or infarction.
18. MEDICATIONS OF CAD
1. Nitrates to dilate the coronary arteries and decrease preload and
afterload.
2. Calcium channel blockers to dilate coronary arteries and reduce
vasospasm.
3. Cholesterol-lowering medications to reduce the development of
atherosclerotic plaques.
4. Beta blockers to reduce the BP in individuals who are
hypertensive.