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CORONARY ARTERY
DISEASE
BY MANISHA KAWAR
TABLE OF CONTAIN
 Introduction
 Definition
 Causes
 Sign and symptoms
 Assessment
 Diagnostic studies
 Intervention
 Surgical procedure
 Medication
WHAT IS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author
is licensed under CC BY
INTRODUCTION :-
Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary
arteries as a result of atherosclerosis, plaque in the arteries.
The disease causes decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue and inadequate
myocardial oxygen supply, leading to hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, MI,
heart failure and death.
Coronary artery disease normally present in older persons.
DEFINITION :-
Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease,
where is a narrowing of arteries that result from a decrease in
blood supply to the heart muscles.
CAUSES OF CAD
Smoking :- major risk factor
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
High lipoprotein
Lack of regular exercise
Diabetes
Thrombosis
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CAD
Chest pain :- patients may feel pressure or tightness in chest
Shortness of breath :- patients may feel like can’t catch breath
Fatigue :- if the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs, you
may feel unusually tired.
Heart attack
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
ASSESSMENT OF CAD
 Possibly normal findings during asymptomatic periods.
 Chest pain
 Palpitations
 Dyspnea
 Syncope :- temporary loss of consciousness usually to insufficient blood flow to the
brain.
 Cough or hemoptysis
 Excessive fatigue
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
1. Electrocardiography :- if blood flow decrease then ischemia occurs.
2. Cardiac catheterization :- this help to find out atherosclerotic lesions.
3. Blood lipid levels :- blood level may be elevated.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
INTERVENTION OF CAD
1. Assist the client to identify risk factors the can be modified and
to set goals to promote lifestyle changes to reduce the impact of
risk factors.
2. Assist the client to identify barriers to adherence with the
therapeutic plan and to identify methods to overcome barriers.
3. Instruct the client regarding a low- calorie, low-sodium, low-
cholesterol, and low-fat diet, with an increase in dietary fiber.
Cont…….
INTERVENTION OF CAD
4. Stress that dietary changes should be incorporated for
the rest of the client’s life; instruct the client regarding
prescribed medications.
5. Provided community resources to the client regarding
exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction as
appropriate.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
PTCA to be compress the plaque against the walls of the artery and dilate the
vessel
Laser angioplasty and dilate the vessel.
Atherectomy to remove the plaque from the artery.
Vascular stent to prevent the artery from closing and to prevent restenosis.
Coronary artery bypass grafting past the occluded artery to improve blood flow
the myocardial tissue at risk for ischemia or infarction.
MEDICATIONS OF CAD
1. Nitrates to dilate the coronary arteries and decrease preload and
afterload.
2. Calcium channel blockers to dilate coronary arteries and reduce
vasospasm.
3. Cholesterol-lowering medications to reduce the development of
atherosclerotic plaques.
4. Beta blockers to reduce the BP in individuals who are
hypertensive.
REFERENCES
1. Saunders NCLEX-RN 7th edition.
2. Saunders NCLEX –RN 8th edition.
3. https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/coronary heart disease.
PROVERBS 1:33
Thank you
• “Whoever listens to me will dwell safely and will be secure, without fear of evil”.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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Coronary artery disease.pptx

  • 2. TABLE OF CONTAIN  Introduction  Definition  Causes  Sign and symptoms  Assessment  Diagnostic studies  Intervention  Surgical procedure  Medication
  • 3. WHAT IS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ?
  • 4. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
  • 5. INTRODUCTION :- Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary arteries as a result of atherosclerosis, plaque in the arteries. The disease causes decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue and inadequate myocardial oxygen supply, leading to hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, MI, heart failure and death. Coronary artery disease normally present in older persons.
  • 6. DEFINITION :- Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease, where is a narrowing of arteries that result from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscles.
  • 7. CAUSES OF CAD Smoking :- major risk factor High blood pressure High cholesterol High lipoprotein Lack of regular exercise Diabetes Thrombosis
  • 8. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
  • 9. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
  • 10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CAD Chest pain :- patients may feel pressure or tightness in chest Shortness of breath :- patients may feel like can’t catch breath Fatigue :- if the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs, you may feel unusually tired. Heart attack
  • 11. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
  • 12. ASSESSMENT OF CAD  Possibly normal findings during asymptomatic periods.  Chest pain  Palpitations  Dyspnea  Syncope :- temporary loss of consciousness usually to insufficient blood flow to the brain.  Cough or hemoptysis  Excessive fatigue
  • 13. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES 1. Electrocardiography :- if blood flow decrease then ischemia occurs. 2. Cardiac catheterization :- this help to find out atherosclerotic lesions. 3. Blood lipid levels :- blood level may be elevated.
  • 14. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
  • 15. INTERVENTION OF CAD 1. Assist the client to identify risk factors the can be modified and to set goals to promote lifestyle changes to reduce the impact of risk factors. 2. Assist the client to identify barriers to adherence with the therapeutic plan and to identify methods to overcome barriers. 3. Instruct the client regarding a low- calorie, low-sodium, low- cholesterol, and low-fat diet, with an increase in dietary fiber. Cont…….
  • 16. INTERVENTION OF CAD 4. Stress that dietary changes should be incorporated for the rest of the client’s life; instruct the client regarding prescribed medications. 5. Provided community resources to the client regarding exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction as appropriate.
  • 17. SURGICAL PROCEDURES PTCA to be compress the plaque against the walls of the artery and dilate the vessel Laser angioplasty and dilate the vessel. Atherectomy to remove the plaque from the artery. Vascular stent to prevent the artery from closing and to prevent restenosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting past the occluded artery to improve blood flow the myocardial tissue at risk for ischemia or infarction.
  • 18. MEDICATIONS OF CAD 1. Nitrates to dilate the coronary arteries and decrease preload and afterload. 2. Calcium channel blockers to dilate coronary arteries and reduce vasospasm. 3. Cholesterol-lowering medications to reduce the development of atherosclerotic plaques. 4. Beta blockers to reduce the BP in individuals who are hypertensive.
  • 19. REFERENCES 1. Saunders NCLEX-RN 7th edition. 2. Saunders NCLEX –RN 8th edition. 3. https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/coronary heart disease.
  • 20. PROVERBS 1:33 Thank you • “Whoever listens to me will dwell safely and will be secure, without fear of evil”.
  • 21. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA