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genetics
    Section 5.1
Genetics
Genetics
the study of how traits are
    inherited through the
   interactions of alleles
heredity
heredity
   the passing of traits
from parent to offspring
ALlele
ALlele
different forms of a trait that
    make up a gene pair
Genetics (5.1)
Alleles separate into different sex cells
during meiosis.
Alleles separate into different sex cells
during meiosis.
 The alleles that control the trait for
dimples include D, the presence of
dimples, and d, the absence of dimples.
Alleles separate into different sex cells
during meiosis.
 The alleles that control the trait for
dimples include D, the presence of
dimples, and d, the absence of dimples.
Genetics (5.1)
Genetics (5.1)
Mendel studied one trait at a time.
Genetics (5.1)
Mendel used predictions when
dealing with his plants.
Mendel used predictions when
dealing with his plants.
 It was accurate because it
studied almost 30,000 pea
plants over a period of 8
years.
Mendel used predictions when
dealing with his plants.
  It was accurate because it
studied almost 30,000 pea
plants over a period of 8
years.
  Valid scientific conclusions
need to be based on results
that can be duplicated.
hybrid
hybrid
offspring that receives different
     genetic information, or
   different alleles, for a trait
        from each parent
dominant
dominant
the form, or allele, that
 dominates (covers up)
     the other form
recessive
recessive
 the form, or allele, that
seems to disappear or
       be hidden
Turn to Page 131
Punnett square
Punnett square
 tool used to predict results
    in Mendelian genetics
Punnett square
      tool used to predict results
         in Mendelian genetics



dominant trait
Punnett square
               tool used to predict results
                  in Mendelian genetics



dominant trait
represented by a capital letter
        for example: B
Punnett square
               tool used to predict results
                  in Mendelian genetics



dominant trait
represented by a capital letter
        for example: B


            recessive trait
Punnett square
               tool used to predict results
                  in Mendelian genetics



dominant trait
represented by a capital letter
        for example: B


            recessive trait
              represented by a lowercase
                  letter for example: b
Genetics (5.1)
Genotype    The code for the
           genetic makeup of
              an organism.
              Example: GG
phenotype    The way an
          organism looks or
         behaves as a result
           of its genotype.
        Example: green plant.
Homozygous
 An organism with 2 alleles that are
  the same. Examples: aa or AA.
Heterozygous
 an organism with 2 different alleles.
            Example: Tt
making a punnett
     square
             B     b


         B


         b
making a punnett
     square
             B     b


         B   BB    Bb


         b   Bb    bb
making a punnett
     square

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Genetics (5.1)

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