1. Chemistry for Biology Biology ~ Edgar

3. Figure 2.1 The hierarchy of biological order from atom to organism

4. Table 2.1 0

5. LE 2-3 Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride

6. Figure 2.5 Two simplified models of a helium (He) atom

8. LE 2-4a 2 2 2 Protons Neutrons Electrons Helium atom Mass number = 4 6 6 6 Protons Neutrons Electrons Carbon atom Mass number = 12 Electron cloud Nucleus 2e – 6e –

9. Figure 2.10 Electron configurations of the first 18 elements

11. Figure 2.12x Methane

12. Figure 2.12 Covalent bonding in four molecules

13. LE 2-6b Nitrogen (N) Atomic number = 7 Oxygen (O) Atomic number = 8

15. LE 2-9 A water molecule

16. Figure 2.16 A hydrogen bond

18. Figure 2.15 A sodium chloride crystal

19. LE 2-7a-1 Transfer of electron Na Sodium atom Cl Chlorine atom

20. LE 2-7a-2 Na  Sodium ion Cl  Chloride ion Sodium chloride (NaCl)

21. LE 2-7b Na  Cl 

27. LE 2-10 Hydrogen bond

28. Figure 2.11 0

29. Figure 2.12

30. LE 2-13 Hydrogen bond Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Liquid water Hydrogen bonds constantly break and re-form

31. LE 2-14 Ion in solution Salt crystal

34. Trees and Water Transport

35. LE 2-15 Acidic solution OH  H  H  H  H  OH  H  H  H  OH  OH  OH  OH  OH  H  H  H  H  H  H  Increasingly ACIDIC (Higher concentration of H  ) Neutral solution OH  OH  OH  OH  OH  OH  H  H  Basic solution NEUTRAL  H        pH scale Lemon juice, gastric juice Grapefruit juice, soft drink Tomato juice Human urine Pure water Human blood Seawater Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Oven cleaner Increasingly BASIC (Lower concentration of H  )

36. Figure 2.16a 0

37. Figure 2.16b