1.
Cumberlandian Mussels And Similar Looking SpeciesSteven A. Ahlstedt and Gerald R. Dinkins

2.
Overview of Cumberlandian Mussel Fauna RegionTwo Primary River Systems: Currently Recognized Species:Tennessee and Cumberland 42 Seven States: Number Presumed Extinct: North Carolina 10 Tennessee Virginia Number Federal Endangered: Georgia 22 Alabama Mississippi Number Federal Candidate: Kentucky 2

3.
Similar Species: 1a. Actinonaias ligamentina1. Actinonaias pectorosa 1b. Villosa taeniata

4.
Similar Species: 2a. Alasmidonta raveneliana 2b. Alasmidonta marginata2. Alasmidonta atropurpurea 2c. Strophitus undulatus

5.
Similar Species: 3a. Alasmidonta atropurpurea 3b. Alasmidonta marginata3. Alasmidonta raveneliana 3c. Strophitus undulatus

6.
Similar Species:4. Anodontoides denigrata 4a. Anodontoides ferussacianus

7.
Similar Species: 5a. Cyprogenia stegaria5. Dromus dromas

8.
Male Similar Species: NoneFemale 6. Epioblasma brevidens

9.
Similar Species: Male MaleFemale Female 7. Epioblasma capsaeformis 7a. Epioblasma florentina walkeri

10.
Similar Species: Male MaleFemale Female 8a. Epioblasma capsaeformis 8. Epioblasma ahlstedti

11.
Similar Species:Male MaleFemale Female9. Epioblasma florentina walkeri 9a. Epioblasma capsaeformis

12.
Similar Species: Male MaleFemale Female 10. Epioblasma florentina aureola 10a. Epioblasma capsaeformis

13.
Similar Species: 11a. Fusconaia cuneolus 11b. Pleuronaia barnesiana11. Fusconaia cor 11c. Pleuronaia dolabelloides

14.
Similar Species: 12a. Fusconaia cor 12b. Fusconaia subrotunda12. Fusconaia cuneolus 12c. Pleuronaia barnesiana 12d. Pleuronaia dolabelloides

15.
Similar Species: 13a. Lampsilis teres13. Lampsilis virescens 13b. Lampsilis fasciola

16.
Similar Species:14. Lasmigona holstonia 14a. Strophitus undulatus

17.
Similar Species: Male NoneFemale 15. Lemiox rimosus

18.
Similar Species:16. Medionidus conradicus 16a. Villosa iris

19.
Similar Species: MaleFemale 17a. Alasmidonta viridis 17. Pegias fabula

20.
Similar Species: 18a. Pleurobema clava 18b. Pleuronaia barnesiana18. Pleurobema oviforme 18c. Pleuronaia dolabelloides

21.
Similar Species: 19a. Fusconaia cor 19b. Fusconaia cuneolus19. Pleuronaia barnesiana 19c. Fusconaia subrotunda 19d. Pleuronaia dolabelloides 19e. Pleurobema oviforme

22.
Similar Species: 20a. Fusconaia cor 20b. Fusconaia cuneolus20. Pleuronaia dolabelloides 20c. Pleuronaia barnesiana 20d. Pleurobema oviforme

23.
Similar Species: 21a. Pleuronaia barnesiana21. Pleuronaia gibberum

24.
Similar Species: 22a. Lasmigona costata22. Ptychobranchus subtentum

25.
Similar Species:23. Quadrula cylindrica strigillata 23a. Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica

26.
Similar Species:24. Quadrula intermedia 24a. Quadrula sparsa

27.
Similar Species: 25a. Quadrula intermedia25. Quadrula sparsa 25a. Quadrula metanevra

28.
Similar Species: Male Male Female 26a. Toxolasma lividumFemale Male Female 26. Toxolasma 26b. Villosa vanuxemensis cylindrellus

29.
Similar Species:MaleFemale 27a. Villosa iris 27. Venustaconcha sima

30.
Similar Species:28. Villosa perpurpurea 28a. Villosa trabalis

31.
Similar Species: 29a. Villosa perpurpurea29. Villosa trabalis

32.
Similar Species: 30a. Actinonaias pectorosa30. Villosa taeniata 30b. Villosa iris

33.
Similar Species:Male Male FemaleFemale 31a. Toxolasma lividum 31. Villosa vanuxemensis

34.
Similar Species: 32a. Villosa iris32. Villosa sp.

35.
Acknowledgements• Lindsay M. Kromer – University of Tennessee, Frank H. McClung Museum• Dr. Jeff Chapman – University of Tennessee, Frank H. McClung Museum• Dr. Art Bogan – North Carolina Museum of Natural History