2. 2 ways to use past perfect
To describe an action that happened or didn’t
happen before another action.
Had + past participle,
Had or hadn’t + yet or already + past participle
In an informa talk you can use the simple past tense
instead of the past perfect when you use before, after,
etc

3. Past perfect with a simple past
They had never fought before they
moved together.

4. Exercises
1. I (study) Japanese before.
2. She (bake) a lot before she (open) her shop.
3. We (have) a lot of trouble because we (lose) our
passports.
4. Brian (know) many people at the club because he (be)
there many times.
5. They (study) English before they (move) to Canada.
6. You (enjoy) the movie because you (read) the book.
7. She really (like) him because he (help) her.
8. Amy (study) a lot before she (take) the test.

5. 9. We (get) into the restaurant only because we
(reserve) our places.
10. I (be) to India before 1986.
11. They (have) a lot of trouble before they finally
(succeed).
12. Chris (own) that car for 5 years before he (sell) it.
13. Sharon (be) very sick until she (stop) eating junk
food.
14. I (be) in Greece for 7 months before I (move) to
Spain.
15. You (cook) a lot, because you (be) so hungry.

6. Answers
1. I had studied (study) Japanese before.
2. She had baked (bake) a lot before she opened (open) her
shop.
3. We had (have) a lot of trouble because we had lost (lose) our
passports.
4. Brian knew (know) many people at the club because he had
been (be) there many times.
5. They had studied (study) English before they moved (move) to
Canada.
6. You enjoyed (enjoy) the movie because you had read (read)
the book.
7. She really liked (like) him because he had helped (help) her.
8. Amy had studied (study) a lot before she took (take) the test.

7. 9. We got (get) into the restaurant only because we had
reserved (reserve) our places.
10. I had been (be) to India before 1986.
11. They had had (have) a lot of trouble before they finally
succeeded (succeed).
12. Chris had owned (own) that car for 5 years before he sold
(sell) it.
13. Sharon had been (be) very sick until she stopped (stop)
eating junk food.
14. I had been (be) in Greece for 7 months before I moved
(move) to Spain.
15. You cooked (cook) a lot, because you had been (be) so
hungry.

8. Exercise 2
Change the verb into the correct form:
1. She (never be) to the North Pole until 2002.
2. They (never fight) before they (move) together.
3. He (never break) anything before he (start) to crawl.
4. When we (arrive), we (discover) that the bus
(leave).
5. When I (call), she (go) to sleep.
6. Ashley t (never meet) him, so she (want) more
details.
7. He (never kiss) a girl, so he (be) embarrassed.
8. Patrick (save) a lot of money before he (buy) the
house.

9. 9. They (go) some place, because they (be)
not there when I (arrive).
10. It (be) too late, because the car (sell) to
someone else.
11. You said (say) you (be) to Turkey 5 times.
12. They (tell) us they (paint) the entire
apartment.
13. The boss (tell) us he (hire) some new staff.
14. Jason and Amy (eat) before they
(come) to see you.
15. I had (have) all the papers, but I (lose)
them.

10. Answers
1. She had never been (never be) to the North Pole until 2002.
2. They had never fought (never fight) before they moved (move)
together.
3. He had never broken (never break) anything before he started
(start) to crawl.
4. When we arrived (arrive), we discovered (discover) that the bus
had left (leave).
5. When I called (call), she had gone (go) to sleep.
6. Ashley had never met (never meet) him, so she wanted (want)
more details.
7. He had never kissed (never kiss) a girl, so he was (be)
embarrassed.
8. Patrick had saved (save) a lot of money before he bought (buy)
the house.

11. 9. They had gone (go) some place, because they
were (be) not there when I arrived (arrive).
10. It was (be) too late, because the car had been
sold (sell) to someone else.
11. You said (say) you had been (be) to Turkey 5
times.
12. They told (tell) us they had painted (paint) the
entire apartment.
13. The boss told (tell) us he had hired (hire) some
new staff.
14. Jason and Amy had eaten (eat) before they
came (come) to see you.
15. I had had (have) all the papers, but I lost (lose)
them.