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Lean Management in Service
        Industry
          Group B
Introduction
                      WHAT IS LEAN MANAGEMENT ?
Def: Lean Management is a systematic approach aimed at maximizing the
   value added by activities by reducing waste and delays

•  Lean concept developed by ‘Toyota’ is arguably the most important
  innovation in operations
• Most of the manufacturing companies adopted ‘lean management’
  principles and became profitable
• Most in the business world believed that ‘lean management’ principles
  were confined only to manufacturing industry , but the trend changed
  after 2000
• Most of the service companies adopted ‘lean management’ principles and
  were highly successful
What does Lean Management say

•   Standardize the process
•   Process should be simple , straight forward and should not be ambiguous
•   Continuous improvement
•   Define the path clearly and explicitly


     Concepts
•   Value Added Time – Directly satisfies the customer, improves the product
    being produced.
•   Non-value Added Time – Include activities like
    communication, setup, preparation etc.
•   Process – A series of activities necessary to achieve desired outcome
•   Value Stream – A series of activities that occur as we work ourselves
    through a process
Types of Waste(Muda) in IT
Waste Element      Examples                     Business Outcome
Defects            Unauthorized system and      Poor customer
                   application changes.         service, increased costs
                   Substandard project
                   execution
Overproduction     Unnecessary delivery of      Business and IT
                   low-value applications and   misalignment, Increased
                   services.                    maintenance
Waiting            Slow application response    Lost revenue, poor
                   times.                       customer service, reduced
                                                productivity
Non-value Added    Reporting technology         Miscommunication
Processing         metrics to business
                   managers
Transportation     On-site visits to resolve    Higher capital and
                   hardware and software        operational expenses.
                   issues.
Types of Waste(Muda) in IT Contd.
Waste Element        Examples                  Business Outcome
Motion (Excess)      Fire-fighting repeat      Lost productivity
                     problems within the IT
                     infrastructure and
                     applications
Inventory (Excess)   Server sprawl,            Increased costs: data
                     underutilized hardware.   center, energy; lost
                     Benched application       productivity
                     development teams.

Employee Knowledge   Failing to capture        Talent leakage, low job
(Unused)             ideas/innovation.         satisfaction, increased
                     Employees spend time on   support and maintenance
                     repetitive or mundane     costs
                     tasks.
Lean Management at Wipro
Why go in for Lean Management????



• Company was not able to compete on the basis of low labor costs



• Difficult to compete with other IT Firms on superior quality.



• Could not meet customer expectations.
How Wipro Implemented Lean
              Management
• Wipro started ‘lean journey ‘ in 2004



• Wipro taught employees to ask ‘5 why’s’ to find the root cause for
  wastes and eliminate wastes, which can reduce inefficiency



• This technique was implemented in a project which was falling
  behind the schedule.(Out of 10 projects identified)
Implementation In the Project
- Wipro identified that most of employees were solving same
  problems over and over

- Wipro identified that no standards existed

- Skilled people were asked to create standards and train the same to
  other members

- Rotation of people into different function was carried out to ensure
  employees acquired necessary skills

- Certain wastes like ‘cluttering of unnecessary mails’, ‘unnecessary
  meetings’, ‘wastage of time due to unavailability of required
  resource – printer example’ were identified and fixed
Lean Management at an
                Organizational Level
• Specify the work
  -Specify the process/chain in which the work should be carried out
  -Identify the repeatable parts of the process and codify them

• Specify how workers should communicate
  -Define who should be communicating, how often, and what
   Wipro developed a tool similar to spread sheet, which helped in
  communicating within and/or outside the project.
  -Create a shared understanding
  Wipro created a structured communication framework to have an
  effective communication with clients
Continued ……..
•   Address problems quickly
    -If a problem arises, ideally the person who created it should fix it
    People closest to the problem might know better about the problem rather
    than an outsider

•   Problems should be solved where they occur
    Identify the location/step where the problem has occurred and fix at the same
    position. Wipro employs web tools to capture the location where the problem
    has occurred for further analysis

•    Engage your managers
     -Project managers and other midlevel leaders must motivate their teams
     -Senior leaders must be long term champions
     Implementing ‘lean’ process was looked from a long term perspective
Effect of Implementation in Wipro
• As of 2010, almost 36% of total Projects are using Lean techniques.

• Each project saves at minimum 20% cost on an average

• Reduction in lead time for projects previously requiring 180 days to
  100 days

• Achieves cost reduction for both clients and Wipro

• Defect rate reduced from 18% to 8%
Lean Management At RBS
Why go in for Lean Management???

• High cost of operating activities.

• Large number of errors pertaining to loan distribution.
  (Pursuit for Lean Management originated after the 2008 economic
   crisis)

• Slow cycle time

• Due to slow processes, efficiency was less.
How RBS Implemented Lean Systems
• Creating work cells and relationship cells to eliminate wastes

• Rotation of people among different cells so that people get chance
  to create expertise in 2 or more fields

• Each work cell was entrusted with a particular responsibility, thus
  scope of work was specified

• Team lead was appointed to each work cell – coordination within
  teams and inter – functional work groups

• Created a mechanism to track dependencies between two cross
  functional teams – Used IT for this – which reduced further delays
  and wastage(of time and money).
Group b opm-ppt_final
Effect Of Lean Management
              Implementation in RBS

• A productivity improvement figure was initially set at 12%. Actual
  improvement figures are close to 30%



• Units that employed Lean Management saw improvements in customer
  satisfaction to the tune of 20%



• Up to 25% improvement in employee engagement
References
• ‘Lean Knowledge Work’ – Harvard Business Review
• ‘Lean Management – New Frontiers For Finance
  Institutions’ – McKinsey & Company
• ‘Bringing Lean Principles To Service Industry’ –
  Wharton School of Business
Group b opm-ppt_final

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Group b opm-ppt_final

  • 1. Lean Management in Service Industry Group B
  • 2. Introduction WHAT IS LEAN MANAGEMENT ? Def: Lean Management is a systematic approach aimed at maximizing the value added by activities by reducing waste and delays • Lean concept developed by ‘Toyota’ is arguably the most important innovation in operations • Most of the manufacturing companies adopted ‘lean management’ principles and became profitable • Most in the business world believed that ‘lean management’ principles were confined only to manufacturing industry , but the trend changed after 2000 • Most of the service companies adopted ‘lean management’ principles and were highly successful
  • 3. What does Lean Management say • Standardize the process • Process should be simple , straight forward and should not be ambiguous • Continuous improvement • Define the path clearly and explicitly Concepts • Value Added Time – Directly satisfies the customer, improves the product being produced. • Non-value Added Time – Include activities like communication, setup, preparation etc. • Process – A series of activities necessary to achieve desired outcome • Value Stream – A series of activities that occur as we work ourselves through a process
  • 4. Types of Waste(Muda) in IT Waste Element Examples Business Outcome Defects Unauthorized system and Poor customer application changes. service, increased costs Substandard project execution Overproduction Unnecessary delivery of Business and IT low-value applications and misalignment, Increased services. maintenance Waiting Slow application response Lost revenue, poor times. customer service, reduced productivity Non-value Added Reporting technology Miscommunication Processing metrics to business managers Transportation On-site visits to resolve Higher capital and hardware and software operational expenses. issues.
  • 5. Types of Waste(Muda) in IT Contd. Waste Element Examples Business Outcome Motion (Excess) Fire-fighting repeat Lost productivity problems within the IT infrastructure and applications Inventory (Excess) Server sprawl, Increased costs: data underutilized hardware. center, energy; lost Benched application productivity development teams. Employee Knowledge Failing to capture Talent leakage, low job (Unused) ideas/innovation. satisfaction, increased Employees spend time on support and maintenance repetitive or mundane costs tasks.
  • 6. Lean Management at Wipro Why go in for Lean Management???? • Company was not able to compete on the basis of low labor costs • Difficult to compete with other IT Firms on superior quality. • Could not meet customer expectations.
  • 7. How Wipro Implemented Lean Management • Wipro started ‘lean journey ‘ in 2004 • Wipro taught employees to ask ‘5 why’s’ to find the root cause for wastes and eliminate wastes, which can reduce inefficiency • This technique was implemented in a project which was falling behind the schedule.(Out of 10 projects identified)
  • 8. Implementation In the Project - Wipro identified that most of employees were solving same problems over and over - Wipro identified that no standards existed - Skilled people were asked to create standards and train the same to other members - Rotation of people into different function was carried out to ensure employees acquired necessary skills - Certain wastes like ‘cluttering of unnecessary mails’, ‘unnecessary meetings’, ‘wastage of time due to unavailability of required resource – printer example’ were identified and fixed
  • 9. Lean Management at an Organizational Level • Specify the work -Specify the process/chain in which the work should be carried out -Identify the repeatable parts of the process and codify them • Specify how workers should communicate -Define who should be communicating, how often, and what Wipro developed a tool similar to spread sheet, which helped in communicating within and/or outside the project. -Create a shared understanding Wipro created a structured communication framework to have an effective communication with clients
  • 10. Continued …….. • Address problems quickly -If a problem arises, ideally the person who created it should fix it People closest to the problem might know better about the problem rather than an outsider • Problems should be solved where they occur Identify the location/step where the problem has occurred and fix at the same position. Wipro employs web tools to capture the location where the problem has occurred for further analysis • Engage your managers -Project managers and other midlevel leaders must motivate their teams -Senior leaders must be long term champions Implementing ‘lean’ process was looked from a long term perspective
  • 11. Effect of Implementation in Wipro • As of 2010, almost 36% of total Projects are using Lean techniques. • Each project saves at minimum 20% cost on an average • Reduction in lead time for projects previously requiring 180 days to 100 days • Achieves cost reduction for both clients and Wipro • Defect rate reduced from 18% to 8%
  • 12. Lean Management At RBS Why go in for Lean Management??? • High cost of operating activities. • Large number of errors pertaining to loan distribution. (Pursuit for Lean Management originated after the 2008 economic crisis) • Slow cycle time • Due to slow processes, efficiency was less.
  • 13. How RBS Implemented Lean Systems • Creating work cells and relationship cells to eliminate wastes • Rotation of people among different cells so that people get chance to create expertise in 2 or more fields • Each work cell was entrusted with a particular responsibility, thus scope of work was specified • Team lead was appointed to each work cell – coordination within teams and inter – functional work groups • Created a mechanism to track dependencies between two cross functional teams – Used IT for this – which reduced further delays and wastage(of time and money).
  • 15. Effect Of Lean Management Implementation in RBS • A productivity improvement figure was initially set at 12%. Actual improvement figures are close to 30% • Units that employed Lean Management saw improvements in customer satisfaction to the tune of 20% • Up to 25% improvement in employee engagement
  • 16. References • ‘Lean Knowledge Work’ – Harvard Business Review • ‘Lean Management – New Frontiers For Finance Institutions’ – McKinsey & Company • ‘Bringing Lean Principles To Service Industry’ – Wharton School of Business

Editor's Notes

  1. Imp Points1.Developed By Toyota2.Adopted extensively by Manufacturing Companies3.Gradual movement to the services sphere post 2000
  2. Eliminate Waste: Here waste refers to overproduction, waiting, transporting( excessive transportation can cause deterioration in quality), unnecessary inventory and defects( rework and scrap both incur huge costs to the company).fiDefining of path: Provide a checklist of steps to be achieved before final goal.
  3. 5 whys:Follows a top-down approach to find the root cause of the problem.It also used the Ishikawa diagram (aided in framing the 5 why’s)
  4. Cycle Time: Time required for a service to be performed. Consider case of applying for a loan. If inter-departmental coordination is poor persons seeking loans would have to make numerous visits to bank due to loss of customer information somewhere in the chain. If, however, the organisation is well structured cycle time can reduce considerably. Also for those Large Institutional clients redundant steps can be avoided thereby facilitating less cycle time.
  5. Waste in reference to time. Work cells are to established in areas that involve standard, assembly line processes with limited specialized knowledge. Work cells are co-located cross functional teams that cover a process from start to finish. It consists of a member from each department that plays a part in a particular value chain.2. Scope of a Work Cell is basically the scope of the value stream.3. Last Point: Consider an Electronics company seeking a loan. One work cell will be responsible for loan processing while another team elsewhere would be responsible to study the and its business. Coordination between these two work cells can be enhanced with the aid of I.T
  6. Lean Management is all about people and wastesHigh level of coordination is required to implement lean managementAzimPremji was willing to spend to spend billions for