Women’s purportedly disproportionate and rising share of poverty - as encapsulated in the widely popularised term the ‘feminisation of poverty’ – has conferred unprecedented prominence upon gender in poverty analysis and policy. However, the ‘feminisation of poverty’ is often used in a cursory and unsubstantiated manner and, in its implicit privileging of income, does not necessarily highlight aspects of poverty which are most relevant to poor women at the grassroots. Although the UNDP’s gender indices go some way to reflecting broader aspects of gendered poverty, particularly in respect of capabilities and opportunities, there is scope for improvement. In the interests of working towards gender indices which are more responsive to crucial gender gaps in poverty (understood not only as income deficiency, but in a more multidimensional fashion, and which give weight to the onus of dealing with poverty), the main aims of this paper are three-fold. The first is to draw attention to existing conceptual and methodological weaknesses with the ‘feminisation of poverty’. The second is to offer some thoughts on how the ‘feminisation of poverty’ could be re-cast to more effectively capture trends in gendered privation among the poor. The third is to propose directions for the kinds of data and indicators which might be incorporated within the GDI or GEM, or used in the creation of a Gendered Poverty Index (GPI).
5. Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Statement of the study
1.2 Objectives of the study
1.3 Literature Review
1.4 Importance of the study
1.5 Theoretical/Conceptual Model
1.6 Working definition
Chapter 2 : Methodology
2.1 Research method
2.2 Research design
2.3 Research area
2.4 Research unit
2.5 Population
2.6 Sapling
2.7 Sample size
5
6. Chapter 2 : Methodology
2.8 Sources of the data
2.8.1 Primary Source
2.8.2 Secondary Source
2.9 Data Collection Method
2.10 Types of Questionnaire
2.11 Data analysis Method
2.12 Limitation of the data collection
2.13 Limitation of the study
Chapter 3 : Conclusion &
Discussion
3.1 Findings
3.2 Recommendation
3.3 Personal evaluation
3.4 Bibliography
Chapter 4 : Appendix
6
10. 1.3 Literature Review
The idea of a „feminization of poverty‟ dates back
to the 1970s but was popularized from the
1990s on by some United Nations documents.
The concept became renowned as a result of a
study by Diane Pearce, which focused on the
gender patterns in the evolution of poverty
rates in the United States between the
beginning of the 1950s and the mid-1970s. It
was initially used to mean “an increase of
women among the poor” and “an increase of
female headed households among the poor
10
26. Feminization: Feminization is the shift in
gender roles
and sex roles in a
society, group, or organization towards a
focus upon the famine. This is the opposite of
a cultural focus upon masculinity.
Poverty: Poverty is the state of being
without, often associated with need, hardship
and lack of resources across a wide range of
circumstances.
26
30. Research designs are closely linked
with the objectives of a research
problem. Accordingly, research
designs are exploratory, descriptive
and experimental in nature. In this
report we work with descriptive
research design.
30
32. Each house in the Sylhet
City
Corporation is research unit.
32
33. The total number of people in
Sylhet
City
Corporation
4,90,000 (App). We chose the
people who are adult .
33
34. A process used in statistical analysis
in which a predetermined number of
observations will be taken from a
larger population. The methodology
used to sample from a larger
population will depend on the type of
analysis being performed, but will
include simple random sampling,
systematic
sampling
and
observational sampling.
In this study we work with purposive
sampling.
34
36. 2.8 Source of the data
Primary Sources
We collected our
primary data from
“survey”. This
research is surveyed
on 200 hundred
people who are adult
and they are lived
different places in
Sylhet City
Secondary sources
1.
2.
3.
4.
Internet.
Business and
Trade Journals.
Newspapers and
Magazines
Others
36
38. 1. Yes/no questions - The
respondent answers with a
"yes" or a "no".
2. Multiple choice - The
respondent
has
several
options from which to choose.
38
39. First of all we create closed ended
questionnaire for survey. Then we
collect the data through survey
and put the data into SPSS
(Statistical Package for the Social
Science) software.
39
50. Stop the violence
against women
She is tortured by
husband
Increase the help of NGOs &
international organizations
Training is being provided to them
50