INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA KULLIYYAH OF LANGUAGES AND MANAGEMENT ENCO 1101 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION PART 3 OVERCOMING THE THREE DIGITAL DIVIDES MADAM SHARIFAH SALWA BINTI ABDUL KARIM

1. P A R T 3 :
O V E R C O M I N G T H E
T H R E E D I G I T A L
D I V I D E S
Nur Idzni Syahida binti
Mohmad Sabry (1729816)
Nur Syafiqah binti Zulkifli
(1720904)
Nurul Addina binti
Aminuddin (1722306)
Siti Maryam Moesha binti
Mukhliz (1727340)
Siti Sabrina binti Mohd
Zaini (1724518)
KULLIYYAH OF LANGUAGES AND MANAGEMENT
ENCO 1101 SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
MADAM SHARIFAH SALWA BINTI ABDUL KARIM

2. INTRODUCTION
DIGITAL DIVIDES

3. •the gap between those who have
already access to computers and the
Internet, and those who do not.

4. I N T E R N ET C O N N E C T I V I T Y
• UNIVERSAL IN RICH
COUNTRIES
• ACCESS MECHANISM WILL
HAVE CHANGED AND BECOME
USER-FRIENDLY AND USER -
INDEPENDENT

5. High-speed
Internet
Upgrade of the
infrastructure
Higher price
QUALITY
Income Location Demand
Bandwidth
consumption

7. T E L E C O M M U N I C AT I O N
C O N N E C T I V I T Y
• INVESTMENT IN
ORGANIZATION AND BY
LOOSENING POLICY FORM

9. I N T E R N ET A C C E S S
• MUCH MORE EXPENSIVE IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• ONCE TELEPHONE LINE
EXIST, IT IS NOT DIFFICULT
TO CONNECT A COMPUTER
OR A SIMPLE INTERNET
DEVICE

11. E-COMMERC E
• IT IS EXPENSIVE TO DO E -
COMMERCE WELL AND THE
OPERATIONS ARE DIFFICULT.
• MANY SYSTEMS NEED TO BE IN
PLACE AND INTEGRATED.
• GENERAL SOCIETAL
MODERNIZATION SUCH AS
BUSINESS SYSTEM, FUNDING
SYSTEM, LOGISTICS AND MANY
MORE.

12. DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL E-COMMERCE
The price of
international
transmission is
dropping rapidly
Domestic Internet
penetration are
increasing
Most e-commerce
applications have
economics of
scale
• FACTORS

13. Fixed costs are
high, variable cost
very low.This gives
an advantage to
being first and
large.
The implications
are that e-
commerce will be
dominated by firms
from the US and
other electronically
advanced
countries.
What counts are
not absolute cost
reductions, but
relative cost
reductions relative
advantage of
ecommerce go to
advanced countries

14. THE “16 C’S”
A S U C C E S S F U L E - C O M M E R C E P O L I C Y M U S T
H AV E T H E S E 

15. • Connectivity
• Capacity
• Critical mass by government
• Commerce priority
• Commercial law
• Cultural proximity
• Cross-border tele-working
• Customs, logistics, and taxes
• Credit system and investment
• Credit cards
• Control and regulation
• Copyrights and patents
• Consumer protection
• Community creation
• Colleges and schools

16. IMPLICATIONS?

17. INTERNET TV

18. USES OF INTERNET TV :-
• 1. The use of the internet purely as a distribution medium
• 2. The use of the internet as a storage medium: archived
programmes
• 3. Use of internet as an interactive medium

19. T H E U S E O F T H E I N T E R N E T
P U R E L Y A S D I S T R I B U T I O N
M E T H O D
I ) I N T E R N E T T V F O R V I D E O - O N - D E M A N D ( V O D )
• B Y P A S S T H E C A B L E C O M P A N Y & P L AY D I R E C T LY T O T H E
C O M P A N Y
• U S E D F O R D E L I V E RY O F F I L M S
I I ) S P E C I A L I S E D P R O G R A M M E S
• F O R A U D I E N C E S W H O W O U L D N ’ T W A N T S Y N C H R O N O U S T V
• E X A M P L E : T H O S E D E S I R I N G T O W AT C H T V P R O G R A M M E S I N
H U N G A R I A N O R S O C C E R M AT C H E S O F T H E I R H O M E T E A M I N
S T O C K H O L M W H I L E T H E Y ’ R E V A C AT I O N I N G I N S P A I N .
I I I ) O F F I C E V I E W I N G
• F O R O F F I C E W O R K E R S W H O C A N N O T W AT C H B R O A D C A S T
O R C A B L E T V

20. T H E U S E O F T H E I N T E R N E T A S A
S T O R A G E M E D I U M : A R C H I V E D
P R O G R A M M E S
• O L D V I D E O & F I L M B E C O M E A C C E S S I B L E
B Y V I E W E R S
• A R C H I V E A C C E S S WO U L D B E N E F I T, F O R
E X A M P L E D O C U M E N TA R I E S
• C O U L D R E WAT C H T H E P R O G R A M M E

21. U S E O F I N T E R N E T A S A N
I N T E R A C T I V E M E D I U M
I ) I N T E R A C T I V E C O N T E N T
S U P P L E M E N TA RY TO O N E - WAY D I S T R I B U T I O N
• T W O - WAY C H A N N E L I S A D D E D TO A O N E - WAY
B RO A D C A S T P RO G R A M M E
• E N A B L E V I E W E R S TO O B TA I N M O R E
I N F O R M AT I O N
• E N G A G E I N C O M M E R C I A L T R A N S A C T I O N S
• E X A M P L E : G O - S H O P, C J W O W S H O P

22. i i ) I N T E R AC T I V I T Y & M U LT I M E D I A
A P P L I C AT I O N S
• U S I N G T H E M E D I U M I N WAYS T H AT C A N N OT
B E D O N E OV E R R E G U L A R , O N E - WAY T V.
• C O N T E N T T Y P E I S T H E M A I N I N N OVAT I V E
A S P E C T O F I N T E R N E T T V.
• E N A B L E S N E W G E N R E S O F P RO G R A M M E S
• M O R E F L E X I B L E AC C E S S TO T R A D I T I O N A L
P RO G R A M M E S . E X A M P L E , RT M , T V 2 , N T V 7 .
• T H E M O S T E X P E N S I V E C O N T E N T TO P RO D U C E

23. BASIC ECONOMICS
DRIVES APPLICATION

24. INTERNET TV

25. REVOLUTION OF INTERNET TV
• In the mid 2000s were the beginning of televisions programs
becoming available in the Internet
• Itunes - 2005
• Youtube - 2005
• Netflix – 2007
• YoutubeTV -2017

26. INTERNET AND BANKS

27. WHAT CAN A
DEVELOPING
COUNTRY DO?

28.  Telecom policy of entry and investment based on market forces
and competition
 Use the government as the lead user.
 Ignore domestic consumer markets.
 Develop niche market. Leverage cultural proximity.
e.g: regional hub:Tunisia for north Africa;
• language:brazil for Portuguese;
• religion:Saudi Arabia for muslims;
• economics:Bahrain for the oil industry.

30. • Success in e-commerce means participation in
modernization, but also disruptions that was brought by
modernization
• Failure to participate in global e-commerce means
fundamental long-term economic stagnation.
• Different countries are affected differently, depending on
their economic mix.