Designing for Wearables

1. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Mark Billinghurst mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au Oct 17th 2015 AWE Asia 2015

2. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Mark Billinghurst ▪  Professor of HCI, University of South Australia ▪  PhD Univ. Washington ▪  Research on AR, mobile HCI, Collaborative Interfaces ▪  More than 300 papers in AR, VR, interface design, wearable ▪  Sabbatical in Glass team at Google [x] in 2013

3. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Goals and Schedule Goals Learn simple interface design guidelines Learn useful prototyping tools Learn where further resources are Schedule 4:15 Introduction (5 minutes) 4:20 Design Guidelines (15 minutes) 4:35 Prototyping Tools (20 minutes) 4:55 Resources (5 minutes)

4. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 1. INTRODUCTION

5. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES

6. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Room Desk Lap Hand Head

8. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES What is a Wearable Computer? ▪  Computer on the body that is: ▪  Always on ▪  Always accessible ▪  Always connected ▪  Other attributes ▪  Augmenting user actions ▪  Aware of user and surroundings Starner, T. E. (1999). Wearable computing and contextual awareness (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

9. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Evolution of Wearables •  asdfad

10. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Second Gen. Systems • Recon (2010 - ) •  Recon Jet, Snow •  Head worn displays for sports •  Acquired by Intel (2015) • Google (2011 - ) •  Google Glass •  Consumer focus

11. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Smart Glass in 2015

12. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How do you Design for this?

13. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 2. DESIGN GUIDELINES

14. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Universal Design Principles Flexibility Equitable use Easy to perceive Simple and intuitive Low physical effort High tolerance for error

15. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing for Wearables •  Wearables are intimate on-body devices, so interface design for wearables, means: •  Designing for Attention •  Designing for Interruption •  Designing for User Experience •  Designing for Social Interaction

16. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Attention

17. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Micro-Interactions Using mobile phone people split their attention between the display and the real world

18. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Time Looking at Screen Oulasvirta, A. (2005). The fragmentation of attention in mobile interaction, and what to do with it. interactions, 12(6), 16-18.

19. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Micro Interactions Quick micro-interactions reduce divided attention and allow people to spend more time in real world

20. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES It's like a rear view mirror Don't overload the user. S2ck to the absolutely essen2al, avoid long interac2ons. Be explicit.

21. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Make it glanceable Seek to rigorously reduce information density. Successful designs afford for recognition, not reading. Bad Good

22. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Reduce the number of info chunks You are designing for recognition, not reading. Reducing the total # of information chunks will greatly increase the glanceability of your design. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 (6) Test done by Morten Just using a watch

23. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design Single Interactions < 4 sec Eye movements For 1: 1 230ms For 2: 1 230ms For 3: 1 230ms For 4: 3 690ms For 5: 2 460ms ~1,840ms Eye movements For 1: 1-2 460ms For 2: 1 230ms For 3: 1 230ms ~920ms 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 (6) Test done by Morten Just using a watch

24. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Test the glanceability of your design

25. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for MicroInteractions ▪  Design interactions less than a few seconds •  Tiny bursts of interaction •  One task per interaction •  One input per interaction ▪  Beneﬁts •  Use limited input •  Minimize interruptions •  Reduce attention fragmentation

26. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Design for limited attention/ microinteractions - no more than 4 seconds to complete a given step in the interaction

27. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Interruption

28. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing for Interruptions •  Assume user is engaged in critical real world task •  Use context to filter interruptions (is it necessary?) •  Interrupt in way that consumes least attention •  Allow user to dismiss interruption with minimal effort •  Progressively disclose information and increase interaction

29. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example:Interruptions on Glass ▪  Gradually increase engagement and attention load ▪  Respond to user engagement Receiving SMS on Glass “Bing” Tap Swipe Glass Show Message Start Reply User Look Up Say Reply

30. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Design for interruption and low cognitive load that can be increased as needed.

31. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES User Experience

32. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES ConsiderYour User • Wearable User • Probably Mobile • One/no hand interaction • Short application use • Need to be able to multitask • Use in outdoor or indoor environment • Want to enhance interaction with real world

33. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How would you take a note?

34. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example:Glass Pictures • On Glass there are three ways to take a picture 1/Voice commands – “Ok Glass,Take a Picture” 2/ Touch navigation through menu 3/ Winking with right eye •  Which you use depends on context •  Riding a bike outdoors – voice commands •  During a meeting – winking

35. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Provide multiple ways of accessing functionality.

36. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design For Device • Simple, relevant information • Complement existing devices

37. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass User Interface •  dfasdf

39. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Do one thing at a time

40. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Test your design indoors + outdoors

41. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for Context

42. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for Ecosystem of Wearables User have multiple devices - phone, watch - fitness band, HMD Each device should be used when it’s most relevant and when it’s the easiest interaction available.

43. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Interface Guidelines ▪  Design for device •  Use multiple input options •  Do one thing at a time •  Consider user context ▪  Design for indoor and outdoor use ▪  Design for device ecosystem

44. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Social Interaction

45. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES SocialAcceptance • People don’t want to look silly •  Only 12% of 4,600 adults would be willing to wear AR glasses •  20% of mobile AR browser users experience social issues • Acceptance more due to Social than Technical issues •  Needs further study (ethnographic, field tests, longitudinal)

46. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Fashion First - It DOES NOT MATTER what the device does unless the user is willing to put it on the ﬁrst time

49. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Make the interface not just for the user but also for the people around the user, both physically and socially.

50. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Attention: least visual-manual attention necessary, < 2 second access time Interruption: assume busy, ramped attention Wearable: long term, unobtrusive, fashionable User Experience: design for device, multiple ways of information access, all environments Social: graceful interfaces, design for others Summary

51. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 3. PROTOTYPING

52. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How can we quickly prototype Wearable experiences with little or no coding?

53. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Why Prototype? ▪  Quick visual design ▪  Capture key interactions ▪  Focus on user experience ▪  Communicate design ideas ▪  “Learn by doing/experiencing”

54. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Typical Development Steps ▪  Sketching ▪  Storyboards ▪  UI Mockups ▪  Interaction Flows ▪  Video Prototypes ▪  Interactive Prototypes ▪  Final Native Application Increased Fidelity & Interactivity Static Low fidelity Interactive High fidelity

55. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sketched Interfaces ▪  Sketch + Powerpoint/Photoshop/Illustrator

56. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Paper Prototype •  Use sketched interface in template

57. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass UI Templates ▪  Google Glass Photoshop Templates ▪  http://glass-ui.com/ ▪  http://dsky9.com/glassfaq/the-google-glass-psd-template/

58. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Smart Watch Templates •  Eg https://dribbble.com/jaysuthar/buckets/260235-watch

59. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Application Flow

60. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glassware Flow Designer •  Quick flow layout tool •  https://glassware-flow-designer.appspot.com/

61. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Static Limitations ▪  Positives ▪  Good for documenting screens ▪  Can show application flow ▪  Negatives ▪  No interactivity/transitions ▪  Can’t be used for testing ▪  Can’t deploy on wearable ▪  Can be time consuming to create

62. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES ▪ Series of still photos in a movie format. ▪ Demonstrates the experience of the product ▪ Show transitions between states ▪ Discover where concept needs fleshing out. ▪ Communicate experience and interface ▪ You can use whatever tools, from Flash to iMovie. Video Sketching

63. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES UI Concept Movies

65. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Interactive Wireframing ▪  Developing interactive interfaces/wireframes ▪  Transitions, user feedback, interface design ▪  Web based tools ▪  UXpin - http://www.uxpin.com/ ▪  proto.io - http://www.proto.io/ ▪  Native tools ▪  Justinmind - http://www.justinmind.com/ ▪  Axure - http://www.axure.com/

66. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io - http://www.proto.io/ ▪  Web based mobile prototyping tool ▪  Features ▪  Prototype for multiple devices ▪  Gesture input, touch events, animations ▪  Share with collaborators ▪  Test on device

67. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io Demo Video

68. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io Android Wear Demo •  https://proto.io/showcase/android-wear/

69. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Wireframe Limitations ▪  Can’t deploy on Device ▪  No access to sensor data ▪  Camera, orientation sensor ▪  No multimedia playback ▪  Audio, video ▪  Simple transitions ▪  No conditional logic ▪  No networking

70. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Processing ▪  Programming tool for Artists/Designers ▪  http://processing.org ▪  Easy to code, Free, Open source, Java based ▪  2D, 3D, audio/video support ▪  Sketching with code ▪  Processing For Android ▪  http://wiki.processing.org/w/Android ▪  Strong Android support ▪  Generates Android .apk file

71. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES http://processing.org/

72. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Basic Processing Sketch /* Notes comment */ //set up global variables float moveX = 50; //Initialize the Sketch void setup (){ } //draw every frame void draw(){ }

73. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Processing and Wearables ▪  One of the easiest ways to build rich interactive wearable applications ▪  focus on interactivity, not coding ▪  Collects all sensor input ▪  camera, accelerometer, touch ▪  Can build native Android .apk files ▪  Side load onto Glass

74. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Hello World Image PImage img; // Create an image variable void setup() { size(640, 360); //load the ok glass home screen image img = loadImage("okGlass.jpg"); // Load the image } void draw() { // Displays the image at point (0,0) image(img, 0, 0); }

75. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Demo

76. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Touch Pad Input ▪  Tap recognized as DPAD input void keyPressed() { if (key == CODED){ if (keyCode == DPAD) { // Do something .. ▪  Java code to capture rich motion events ▪  import android.view.MotionEvent;

77. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Motion Event //Glass Touch Events - reads from touch pad public boolean dispatchGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event) { float x = event.getX(); // get x/y coords float y = event.getY(); int action = event.getActionMasked(); // get code for action switch (action) { // let us know which action code shows up case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: touchEvent = "DOWN"; fingerTouch = 1; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: touchEvent = "MOVE"; xpos = myScreenWidth-x*touchPadScaleX; ypos = y*touchPadScaleY; break;

78. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Demo

79. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sensors ▪  Ketai Library for Processing ▪  https://code.google.com/p/ketai/ ▪  Support all phone sensors ▪  GPS, Compass, Light, Camera, etc ▪  Include Ketai Library ▪  import ketai.sensors.*; ▪  KetaiSensor sensor;

80. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Sensors ▪  Setup in Setup( ) function ▪  sensor = new KetaiSensor(this); ▪  sensor.start(); ▪ sensor.list(); ▪  Event based sensor reading void onAccelerometerEvent(…) { accelerometer.set(x, y, z); }

81. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sensor Demo

82. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Physical Input Devices ▪  Can we develop unobtrusive input devices ? ▪  Reduce need for speech, touch pad input ▪  Socially more acceptable ▪  Examples ▪  Ring, ▪  pendant, ▪  bracelet, ▪  gloves, etc

83. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Prototyping Platform Arduino Kit Bluetooth Shield Google Glass

84. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example: Glove Input ▪  Buttons on fingertips ▪  Map touches to commands

85. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example: Ring Input ▪  Touch strip, button, accelerometer ▪  Tap, swipe, flick actions

86. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How it works Bracelet Armband Gloves 1,2, 3,4 Values/ output

87. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Summary • Prototyping for wearables is similar to mobiles •  Tools for UI design, storyboarding, wireframing • Android tools to create interactive prototypes •  Processing, WearScript, etc • Arduino can be used for hardware prototypes • Once prototyped Native Apps can be built •  Android + SDK for each platform

88. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 4. Resources

89. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing For Glass Video •  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ERgbIJ6pCM

90. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass UI Design Guidelines • More guidelines – https://developers.google.com/glass/design/index

91. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim – http://glasssim.com/ ▪  Simulate the view through Google Glass ▪  Multiple card templates

92. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim Card Builder ▪  Use HTML for card details ▪  Multiple templates ▪  Change background ▪  Own image ▪  Camera view

93. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim Samples

94. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Pop - https://popapp.in/ • Take pictures of sketches • Link pictures together • Combining sketching and interactivity on mobiles

95. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Pop

96. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Viewing Design on Device • Android Design Preview •  https://github.com/romannurik/AndroidDesignPreview • View a portion of your desktop on Android device •  Select region of screen •  Mirror it on Android Device • Use to view mock-ups on target device •  Eg Powerpoint for wearable mockups

97. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Other Tools ▪  Wireframing ▪  pidoco ▪  FluidUI ▪  Rapid Development ▪  Phone Gap ▪  AppMachine ▪  Interactive ▪  App Inventor ▪  WearScript

98. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES WearScript • WearScript •  Combines power of Android development on Glass with the learning curve of a website •  Use a cloud IDE to write JavaScript that runs instantly on Glass inside a WebView •  Get started at http://wearscript.com • Support for advanced features •  Augmented Reality •  Eye tracking •  Arduino input

99. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How it Works

Designing for Wearables

Designing for Wearables

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