XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Creamer - EUROPEAN F-GAS TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT: QUALIFICATIONS FOR TECHNOLOGIES THAT REPLACE HFC’S
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XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Creamer - EUROPEAN F-GAS TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT: QUALIFICATIONS FOR TECHNOLOGIES THAT REPLACE HFC’S
- 1. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
- 2. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Business Edge Ltd • Mike Creamer Managing Director
- 3. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Business Edge Ltd • Leading Technology Training Company 1990 - 2017. Numerous Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Building Services Courses. • Distributor of Specialist Equipment – Climacheck Performance Analyser. – Fri3Oil Flushing Technology. – AC&R Software Products. • Trouble-Shooting & Fault-Finding Water Chillers, DX Systems, Multi-Split, VRF Systems, AHU`s, etc. • Legal and Arbitration Work Successful legal settlements up to £1.25M based on Expert Technical Witness capabilities. £4M case underway.
- 4. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Revision to F Gas Assessments
- 5. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Refrigerant Overview 1830 1930 1990 2010 Safety and durability Cooling by any method Protect the ozone layer Reduce Global Warming SO2, NH3, CCL4, H2O HC, ethers CFC, HCFC, HFC, NH3, H2O… (HCFC), HFC, NH3, HC, H2O, CO2 HFC, HC, HFO, NH3, H2O,.. ODP=0, but high GWPODP and GWP CFC HCFC HFC Low GWP Very high ODP and GWP
- 6. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 EU 2015/2067 • 01/01/2015 EU 517 replaces the existing F Gas Regulations. • 17/11/2015 EU 2015/2067 repeals regulation 303/2008.
- 7. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 EU 2015/2067 • With this comes increased theoretical assessments of candidates knowledge with regard to technologies that replace F Gases. • These are:
- 8. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 EU 2015/2067 • Know the relevant alternative technologies to replace or to reduce the use of F gases and about their safe handling (Categories 1-4). • Know the relevant system designs to reduce the charges size of F gases and to increase energy efficiency (Categories 1 and 2).
- 9. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 EU 2015/2067 • Know the relevant safety regulations and standards for the use, storage and transportation of flammable or toxic refrigerants or refrigerants requiring higher operating pressure (Categories 1 and 2). • Understand the respective advantages and disadvantages, notably in relation to energy efficiency, of alternative refrigerants according to the intended application and to the climate conditions of the different regions (Categories 1 and 2).
- 10. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 EU 2015/2067 • Uncertainties • How much detail is required on each of the aforementioned subject areas. • For example the second of the subject areas could be a course in its own right.
- 11. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Refrigerant Selection
- 12. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Refrigerant Selection
- 13. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Refrigerants, Oils & Compressors Property Reference R134a R1233zd(E) R1234ze(E) R1234yf R513A R32 R600a R245fa Price / kg (£) [1] £16.98 £26.70 £84.60 £115.48 £81.68 £18.54 £16.84 - Safety Class [2] A1 A1 A2L A2L A1 A2L A3 B1 PED Fluid Group [2] 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 GWP [2] 1430 4.5 0.6 4 631 677 3 1030 Saturation Pressure @ 5°C (bar) [3] 3.5 0.6 2.6 3.7 3.9 9.5 1.9 0.7 Saturation Pressure @ 23°C (bar) [3] 6.3 1.2 4.7 6.4 6.8 16.0 3.3 1.4 Saturation Pressure @ 42.5°C (bar) [3] 10.9 2.3 8.2 10.9 11.5 26.4 5.7 2.7 Saturation Pressure @ 60°C (bar) [3] 16.7 3.9 12.8 16.4 17.5 39.3 8.8 4.6 Saturation Pressure @ 75°C (bar) [3] 23.6 5.8 18.0 22.7 24.1 53.5 12.2 7.0 Pressure Safety Design Value = 100°C (bar) [3] 39.7 10.4 30.3 CRITICAL CRITICAL CRITICAL 19.8 12.7 GLIDE (°K) No No No No No No No No Sat Temp at Atmos Pressure (°C) [3] -26.1 18.3 -19.0 -24.9 -29.6 -52.6 -12.4 15.1 Comp Ratio-Stage 1 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 Comp Ratio-Stage 2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 Comp Ratio-Total 5/42,5 3.1 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 4.0 Comp Ratio-Total 5/60 4.8 6.6 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.6 6.8 Comp Ratio-Total 5/75 6.7 9.8 7.0 6.1 6.2 5.6 6.4 10.3 NETT REFRIGERATION EFFECT Sub-Cooled Liquid Temp (°C) 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 Sub-Cooled Liquid Enthalpy (kJ/kg) 230.6 227.5 230.0 229.7 239.9 251.7 219.3 Super-Heated Vapour Temp (°C) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Super-Heated Vapour Enthalpy (kJ/kg) 410.6 416.4 396.6 376.0 516.9 574.5 415.5 Nett Refrigerating Effect kJ/kg 179.9 189.0 166.6 146.4 0.0 277.0 322.8 196.1
- 14. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Practical Training Concerns
- 15. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Practical Training Concerns • No mandatory requirement for proof of practical competency with regard to safe handling of refrigerants that may be: •Toxic. •Flammable. •High Pressure.
- 16. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 Practical Assessments • Recovery of Flammable Refrigerants. • Partial evacuation/purging with inert gas. • Ensuring flammability limits are not reached. • Brazing of system components. • Pressure strength/tightness testing. • Evacuation/De-Hydration. • Charging of systems. • Leak testing
- 17. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017 A2L Recovery • The area must be well ventilated • No source of ignition within 3m • Forced air ventilation is recommended, using a EX rated fan motor with a 5m cable to ensure switching is provided outside of 3m zone. • A HC leak detector must be used throughout the process (cannot have a zero function must alarm at 20% LFL) Fill system with OFN
Editor's Notes
- Hello – BUSINESS EDGE Training – UK National and Internation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Training School / Centre You may wish to great them in Italian English : Italian Good morning: Buongiorno. Good afternoon: Buon pomeriggio. Good evening: Buonasera. Hello, my name is Mike Creamer: Ciao, mi chiamo Mike Creamer.
- Mike Creamer – F Inst R
- Leading Technology Training Company 1990 - 2017. Numerous Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Building Services Courses. Distributor of Specialist Equipment Climacheck Performance Analyser. Fri3Oil Flushing Technology. AC&R Software Products. Trouble-Shooting & Fault-Finding Water Chillers, DX Systems, Multi-Split, VRF Systems, AHU`s, etc. Legal and Arbitration Work Successful legal settlements up to £1.25M based on Expert Technical Witness capabilities. £4M case underway.
- This talk is about the revisions to the F-Gas syllabus
- Timeline for chemicals used for refrigerant fluids. 1830 – 1930; refrigerants are toxic, flammable and corrosive 1930 – 1990; refrigerants are changed to safe and long lasting but have high ODP and GWP 1990 – 2010; refrigerants are changed to non Ozone Depleting but still have high GWP 2010 – the future; refrigerants are changed to low GWP and non ozone depleting but have mild to high flammabity and for some, very high pressure or toxicity issues.
- In 2006 F-gas Regulation 842-2006 (First European HFC Regulation) Repealed in 2014 by EU 517:2014 aiming to reduce the amount of high CO2 equivalent fluorinated gasses. In 2008 regulation 303/2008 - syllabus for training and assessment of Regulation 842-2006 303/2008 was repealed by regulation 2015/2067 – the new syllabus for training and assessment
- 2015/2067 – the new syllabus for training and assessment – this adds an emphasis on alternative refrigerants and training on the technology required to implement this.
- Using low GWP HFC, HFO, HC, CO2, NH3 for: Category 1 – all sizes of system – all works and design Category 2 – systems below 6kg hermetic 3kg semi hermetic – all works and design Category 3 – recovery below 3kg Category 4 – all sizes of system – leak check only – no penertration of refrigeration circuit Option to cover the categories. NOT NEW
- F-Gas Category 1 and 2 operatives need to show competance with regard to all refrigerants but particular care must be in the relevant areas of the following documents: BSEN 378:2016 – this has been updated and includes methods for using alternative refrigerants which fall into the mildly flammable A2L category. Storage of flammable refrigerants ATEX directive 2014/34/EU for equipment and ATEX 137 – 99/92/EC for the workplace. Transport of all refrigerants is detailed under European agreement ADR 2015 this details the maximum amount for small loads and large loads. Different types of chemicals have different values for the amount that can be transported. F-Gas Category 1 and 2 operatives also need to show competence and knowledge in the advantages and disadvantages of the different alternative refrigerants including the energy efficiency for different applications.
- Uncertainties This can be a very large subject area and there is no guidance within the syllabus on the level of detail required.
- The design of a system to accomodate a new / alternative refrigerant is a complicated and process as we have found at business edge ltd with our new compressor technology.
- Pictures showing turbine wheel and test rig in our research facility in Portsmouth, UK.
- Design criteria for different fluids, small but critical differences.
- Only F-Gas is mandatory requirement
- Having no mandatory requirement for training and assessment on Toxic, Flammable or High Pressure refrigerants. We see it as important to add these elements to the practical training within assessment of F-gas as more and more of the alternative refrigerants are being used replacing older high GWP ones.
- In european contries we should have routes in which natural persons can update their skills beyond that of F-Gas to be able to: Recovery of Flammable Refrigerants. Partial evacuation/purging with inert gas. Ensuring flammability limits are not reached. Brazing of system components. Pressure strength/tightness testing. Evacuation/De-Hydration. Charging of systems. Leak testing And therefore understanding the risks and required methods for safety of Alternative Refrigerants.
- For example the recovery process for an A2L refrigerant. The area must be well ventilated No source of ignition within 3m of the recovery unit or attached hoses on the refrigeration system Forced air ventilation is recommended, using a EX (explosion proof) rated fan motor with a 5m cable to ensure switching is provided outside of 3m zone A combustible gas leak detector must be used throughout the process (cannot have a zero function and must alarm at 20% Lower flammability Limit) Fill system with OFN to stop any air and thus oxygen to enter causing a potentially dangerous mixture within the refrigeration system You may wish to say as you depart in Italian English : Italian Nice to meet you: Piacere di conoscerti. Goodbye: Ciao/Arrivederci.