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Plenary Lecture: Sustainable Rangelands, Sustainable Pastoralism in Yak Herding Areas of the Tibetan Plateau & Central Asia.
Delivered by Marc Foggin at the "10th International Rangeland Congress: The Future Management of Grazing and Wild Lands in a High-Tech World." Session on Range and Forage of High Latitudes and Altitudes. Conference held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, on 16-22 July 2016.
Plenary Lecture: Sustainable Rangelands, Sustainable Pastoralism in Yak Herding Areas of the Tibetan Plateau & Central Asia.
Delivered by Marc Foggin at the "10th International Rangeland Congress: The Future Management of Grazing and Wild Lands in a High-Tech World." Session on Range and Forage of High Latitudes and Altitudes. Conference held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, on 16-22 July 2016.
1.
Sustainable Rangelands
Sustainable Pastoralism
in Yak Herding Areas
of the Tibetan Plateau & Central Asia
International Rangeland Congress 2016 (Saskatoon, Canada)
Plenary Session: High Altitude Rangelands of the World
J Marc Foggin, PhD
UNIVERSITY
OF CENTRALASIA
2.
Sustainable Rangelands
Sustainable Pastoralism
in the Greater Tibetan Plateau
High Altitude Rangelands of the World…
Sustainable Rangelands
Sustainable Pastoralism
in the Greater Tibetan Plateau
3.
High Altitude Rangelands of Asia
Tibetan Plateau | Himalayan Range | Mountains of Central Asia
17.
Plan for today…
At a broad level:
What is our goal?
How do we get there?
— need for an enhanced
model of Sustainability
And more specifically:
Five key messages
(lessons learned)
18.
Sustainable Rangelands
What is our main goal as scientists?
To develop ‘perfect models’ of economic behaviour, on
the basis of well-studied rangeland ecosystems? (or)
To develop (possibly ‘sub-optimal’) integrative models,
and recommend interventions that will be adopted by
herders? – value of grasslands ‘richer’ than economics
Sustainable Pastoralism
19.
Sustainable Rangelands
Sustainability = adoption of strategies
The processes of searching for and developing sustainable
solutions may be as important as final product themselves
Adoption often requires a ‘sense of ownership’ — enhanced
through local participation, ideally with a co-development
of ideas, also a supportive financing & policy environment
Sustainable Pastoralism
21.
In the High Altitude Rangelands…
An integrative model = multiple dimensions
Environmental (livestock, ecosystem services, biodiversity)
Economic (utilization of natural resources, human needs)
Social (development aspirations, incl. cultural aspects)
Also must consider: local histories, culture, politics…
Pastoralism Rangelands Sustainability
22.
Different forms of pastoralism
Nomadism
Seasonal movements, varying from year to year
Often without any village or permanent settlement
Transhumance
Seasonal migrations, moving to higher pastures in summer
Regular encampments, winter settlements, some farming
… and everything in between
Pastoralism Rangelands Sustainability
23.
Pastoralist regions
IUCN | Ecosystem Management: World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism (WISP)
24.
Rangelands
(natural environment)
Where are rangelands? What forms? What extent?
What ecosystem goods and services? What value?
Pastoralism Rangelands Sustainability
29.
Total Economic Value (TEV) ?
Pastoralism Rangelands Sustainability
30.
SUSTAINABILITY
– an expanded synthesis!
Four Pillars of Sustainability
Economy / development
Environment / ecology
Social dimensions
Cultural aspects
Pastoralism Rangelands Sustainability
31.
How can we achieve decisions by the resource users that
are favourable both to their socioeconomic situations and
their rangeland environments?
SUSTAINABILITY
– an expanded synthesis
32.
Herders’ involvement in the processes of problem
identification, of research (data collection) and of
solution development are certainly critical elements.
SUSTAINABILITY
– an expanded synthesis
with Community & Culture
34.
Five key messages
High altitude rangelands are social-ecological systems
Pastoralism is one of the most sustainable food systems
in the world — particularly in marginal (semi-)arid lands
Vast areas of rangeland are situated in protected areas
(incl. indigenous & community conserved areas / ICCAs),
which may be considered either opportunity or constraint
More participatory processes and equitable ‘access and
benefit sharing’ approaches should be advocated
Adaptive governance of resources is critical, especially
in the context of rapid environmental & climate change
35.
1. Social-Ecological Systems (SES)
The high altitude rangelands are
coupled social-ecological systems
Humans & nature, coupled
systems, interdependence
Conservation of rangelands is
premised not only on biodiversity
and ecological issues per se, but
also – fundamentally – on ensuring
that a sustainable pastoralism is
practiced, i.e. multiple human
dimensions are considered
36.
2. Sustainable Food Systems
Pastoralism is one of the most sustainable food systems
in the world — particularly in marginal (semi-)arid lands
Proven sustainability over decades and centuries
Flexible and responsive decision-making processes
Threatened by imposition of socio-political structures
Benefits from pastoralism include ecosystem services
37.
Four often-overlooked facts
about pastoralism (Davies & Hagelberg 2014)
Mobility of livestock is essential to maintain the health of
dryland ecosystems
38.
Four often-overlooked facts
about pastoralism
Intensive livestock systems can degrade the environment
39.
Four often-overlooked facts
about pastoralism
Sustainable pastoral systems are more efficient, productive
and resilient than more sedentary agricultural systems in
rangelands when all factors and benefits are counted
40.
Four often-overlooked facts
about pastoralism
Pastoralism is a universal issue, as pastoralists share many
environmental and economic challenges and opportunities
41.
3. Protected Areas in High Asia
Vast areas of rangeland are situated in protected areas
(incl. indigenous & community conserved areas / ICCAs) -
which may be considered either opportunity or constraint
42.
4. Participatory Approaches
More participatory processes and equitable ‘access and
benefit sharing’ approaches should be advocated
43.
4. Participatory Approaches
More participatory processes and equitable ‘access and
benefit sharing’ approaches should be advocated
Collaborative management – for environment resources,
also for education and health services
44.
4. Participatory Approaches
Herders cooperatives for local development, search for
environmentally and socio-culturally sound solutions
45.
4. Participatory Approaches
Sustainable financing with local management (CDRFs)
46.
4. Participatory Approaches
Giving voice to local communities, marginalized groups
47.
5. Adaptive Governance
Adaptive governance of resources is critical, especially in
the context of rapid environmental & climate change
Pastoralism – adaptive and responsive over time
Comprehensive value of rangelands and extensive forms
of pastoralism should be highlighted, awareness raised
48.
Dr J Marc Foggin marc.foggin@ucentralasia.org
foggin@plateauperspectives.org
UNIVERSITY
OF CENTRALASIA