2. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?
Environment literally means
Surrounding and everything
That affect an organism
During its lifetime is collectively known as
its environment.
3. ENVIRONMENT….
In another words
Environment is sum total of
Water
air and land interrelationships
also with the human being,
other living organisms and property
http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/001773.pdf
4. WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
Ecology is the scientific study of
interactions of organisms
with one another and
with the physical and chemical environment.
http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/introduction.htm
5. ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
Environment and ecology is
grounded in the complexity of
the world we live in and
its sustainability.
6. ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
It examines the
world’s natural processes and
social systems
Environment and ecology
places emphasis on
the real world.
7. TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
(a) Physical or Abiotic Environment: It is
composed of external physical factors like,
tempurature, humidity, water, minerals and
gases, etc.
(b) Living or Biotic Environment: It is
composed of all the living components―
plants, animals and micro-organisms.
8. HYDROSPHERE
The hydrosphere is the liquid water component
of the Earth.
It includes the:
oceans
seas
lakes
Ponds
rivers and streams.
The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the
surface of the Earth and is the home for many
plants and animals.
http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/hydro/hydrosphere/hydrosphere_what.htm
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9. ATMOSPHERE
An atmosphere is
a layer of gases
surrounding a planet or
other material body of sufficient mass.
10. WHAT IS ECOSYSTEMS?
Ecosystem is
a collection of living and
Non living entities in a space.
11. ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM
Energy flow is the movement of energy
through an ecosystem through a series of
organisms and back to the external
environment.
Living organism are operated by means of
energy
Ecosystem and their component species
cannot survive without a constant supply of
energy.
12. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF AN ECOSYSTEM
1. Abiotic Components
(a) Climatic Factors: which includes rain,
tempurature,light,wind,humidity etc.
(b) Edaphic Factors: which include soil, pH,
topography minerreals, etc.
2. Biotic Components
The living organisms including plants,
animals and micro-organisms (Bacteria and
Fungai)
13. BIOTIC COMPONENTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO
THREE MAIN GROUPS
(A) Producers- The process of Photosynthesis
by the plants.
(B) Consumers- There are four consumers:
Herbivores animal that feed on plants. e.g. Goat
deer, cow.
Carnivores animal that feed on meat. e.g. Cat, fox,
snakes.
Tertiary these are the large carnivore that feed on
the second consumer. e.g. Wolves, hyenas, etc
Omnivores they are the largest carnivores that feed
on all other carnivores. e.g. Lions and tigers
14. DECOMPOSERS OR REDUCERS
Bacteria and fungi belong to this category.
They break down the dead organic material
of living organisms.
They on dead cell for food and release into
the environment, this is called metabolism.
15. IDEAL ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
The population of any species is limited to the available food
resource potential.
The species diversity is adequate for efficient recycling of
materials in the ecosystem
The pollution loads do not exceed the self purification
capacity of the system
The energy consumption of the system is minimized and is
all dependent on renewable resources
The system is capable of continuing indefinitely without
heading towards a dead end.
16. IMPACT OF HUMANS ON ECOSYSTEM
Humans use and modify natural ecosystems through
agriculture, forestry, recreation, urbanization and industry.
The most obvious impact of humans on ecosystem is the loss
of biodiversity.
The number of extinctions caused by human domination of
ecosystems has been steadily increasing since the start of
industrial revolution.
The frequency of species extinction is correlated to the size of
human population on the earth which is directly related to the
resource consumption, land use/change and environmental
degradation, modification of bio geo chemical cycles,
modification of hydrologic cycling, pollution and chemical.
Last but not least de gradation of forests.
17. IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS
Forests are important for all living beings.
There existence is the survial to all the
organism no matter the size.
These forests provide essence of life and by
products of forest systems.
A forest is a complex of living and non living
elements which are interrelated.
