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CLASSIFYING MICROBES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Principles of Prokaryotic Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],N t  = N 0  x 2 n N t   = total cells in a  given time N 0   = starting population of cells n = number of cell divisions Assume t = 20 min (3 per hour) 3 x 4 hours = 12 doublings If N 0  = 10 then 10 x 2 12  = 40,960 bacteria
Bacterial Growth in Nature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obtaining a Pure Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bacterial Growth in Laboratory Conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Bacterial Population Growth Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4.5 Environmental Factors that Influence Microbial Growth
Nutritional Factors that Influence Microbial Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CO 2  + H 2 O ➔ Glucose + O 2
Cultivating Prokaryotes in the Laboratory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nutrient Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, EMB Agar
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
METABOLISM
The Central Metabolic Pathways
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Role of ATP in Coupling Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Production:  Oxidation-Reduction Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],Fig 5.9 Redox reaction  = oxidation reaction paired with reduction reaction.
Oxidation-Reduction cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],Fig 5.10
The Generation of ATP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metabolic Pathways of Energy Production:   COH Catabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiration (cont.)
GLYCOLYSIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glycolysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Steps of Glycolysis
 
GLYCOLYSIS
Krebs Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Krebs Cycle
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiration (cont.)
Electron Transport Chain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electron Transport and the Chemiosmotic Generation of ATP
Overview of Respiration and Fermentation
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiration (cont.)
Anaerobic Respiration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fermentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fermentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Relationship of Fermentation to Glycolysis
 
 
Catabolism of Organic Compounds Other Than Glucose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lipid Catabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protein Catabolism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Carbohydrate Catabolism ,[object Object],Pathway By Substrate-Level Phosphorylation By Oxidative Phosphorylation From NADH From FADH Glycolysis 2 6 0 Intermediate step 0 6 Krebs cycle 2 18 4 Total 4 30 4
Catabolism of Other Compounds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protein Catabolism Protein Amino acids Extracellular proteases Krebs cycle Deamination, decarboxylation, dehydrogenation, desulfurylation Organic acid Decarboxylation
Chemolithotrophs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],6CO 2  + 6H 2 O ➔ C 6 H 12 O 6  + 6O 2
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING MICROBES
Symbiosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. NEUTRALISM ,[object Object],[object Object]
2. COMMENSALISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. MUTUALISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. PARASITISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5. SYNERGISM  (SYNERGISTIC INFECTION) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NORMAL HUMAN MICROBIAL FLORA
INDIGENOUS MICROFLORA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TRANSIENT MICROFLORA ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Microflora of the Skin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Microflora of the Mouth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Microflora of the  Respiratory tract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
7 CAPABILITIES OF A PATHOGEN

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MICRO Chap 3 Classification, Metabolism

Editor's Notes

  1. Enzymes are encoded by genes.
  2. This cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, was named in recognition of the German chemist Hans Krebs, whose research into the cellular utilization of glucose contributed greatly to the modern understanding of this aspect of metabolism. The name citric acid cycle is derived from the first product generated by the sequence of conversions, i.e., citric acid . The reactions are seen to comprise a cycle inasmuch as citric acid is both the first product and the final reactant, being regenerated at the conclusion of one complete set of chemical rearrangements. Citric acid is a so-called tricarboxylic acid, containing three carboxyl groups (COOH). Hence the Krebs cycle is sometimes referred to as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
  3. The process by which ATP is produced in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The electron transport system transfers protons from the inner compartment to the outer; as the protons flow back to the inner compartment, the energy of their movement is used to add phosphate to ADP, forming ATP. PICTURE 1 PICTURE 2 www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossC.html