4. Do You Know ?
There are 35 different minerals
needed to make the average
computer.
The average car contains 39 different
minerals.
Our body requires almost 16 different
types of minerals for various functions
like forming bones & teeth, normal
5. Minerals Used In Solar Panels:
•Arsenic(Semiconductor Chips)
•Bauxite
•Boron Minerals (Semiconductor Chips)
•Cadmium(Thin film Solar cells)
•Coal(to make steel)
•Copper (Wiring)
•Gallium(Solar Cells)
•Indium(Solar Cells)
•Iron-ore (steel)
•Molybdenum (Photo Volatic Cells)
•Lead (Batteries)
•Phosphate Rock
•Selenium (Solar Cells)
•Silica (Solar Cells)
•Tellurium (Solar Cells)
•Titanium di oxide Semiconductor Chips
7. MINERAL:
A mineral is a naturally occurring
homogeneous solid, inorganically
formed, with a definite chemical
composition and an ordered atomic
arrangement
9. 1.Formation of Minerals through
Crystallization of Magma:
As the magma starts to cools, it will start to grow
crystals. This process is called crystallization and it is
analogous to precipitation of crystals from solutions.
Uncut DIAMOND from a
volcanic rock
10. From Precipitation:
Mineral precipitation from
solution:
Calcite dripstones form from
calcite saturated groundwater in
cave
Mineral precipitation from
solution:
Malachite (a copper
carbonate) precipitated in
open spaces of a copper
deposit. Each band marks
a growth episode.
12. GOLD:
Gold is the most familiar metal to most people. Used for
Jewelry.
Dentistry.
Electronic.
Host in other Applications
13. Aluminum: Bauxite Mineral
It is commonly extracted from Bauxite ore:
Aero
planes
Constructio
n
Power Lines Packaging
Mainly Used for
14. MICA:
It is very flexible and large sheets of it are used in
making Window Glass in the past
Mica is Mainly Used for:
Electronic
Components
Cosmetics
Colours & Paints Capacitors
20. Tracing out a mineral from given
hand specimen:
Minerals can be identified by physical and
chemical properties. They can also be classified
by more complex optical, chemical or x-ray
diffraction. Some of them can be sufficiently or
fully identified with physical properties only.
21. Some Physical Properties of
Minerals are:
Form/Habit and Crystal Structure
Colour
Streak
Lusture
Cleavage
Fracture
Hardness
Specific Gravity
Magnetic Property
Special Property
22. Imp. Minerals State
ALUMINIUM Kerala
COAL Raniganj, Jharia,
Bokaro, Singareni,
Mukum(Assam) etc
COPPER Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh,
Rajasthan etc
DIAMOND Chattisgarh &
Madhya Pradesh
GOLD Kolar gold-fields
(Karnataka).
IRON ORE Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh, Orissa
MICA Jharkhand,Bihar,
Andhra Pradesh
URANIUM Bihar
GYPSUM Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu, Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh
COBALT Rajasthan, Kerala
24. Contribution and Rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals & Metals, 2010
Source: World mineral production data compiled from World Mineral Production, 2006-2010; British Geological survey
28. Why Mining?
We already know that anything that can’t be grown is
mined.
So minerals are mostly formed in earth’s crust and hence
we need to explore the earth to extract the minerals and
process them into useful appliances.
Mining is a money making business. Not only do mining
companies prosper, but governments also make money
from revenues. Workers also receive income and benefits.
29. Mining of Coal Extracting
Mineral
Thermal Power Plants
Power Is GeneratedCities are Lighted UP!!
30. How Mining??
Mining Is done broadly in two ways:
Surface Mining/ Open Pit Mining
Underground Mining
31. Comparing Surface and Underground
Mining:
Surface Mining Underground Mining
Surface Mining is also called
as Open Cast/pit Mining.
It operates where there is
huge availability of mine
land and economical upto
certain depth say 200-300
m.
Most of the metal mines in
India are Surface Mining
It Operates where
availability of land for
mining is less and when
the ore is available at a
huge depths greater than
300m.
Mostly Coal Mines , Kolar
Gold Mines are operated
32. Surface Mines:
Hatti Gold Mines in Karnataka
Korba Coalfield in Chattisgarhwhich is the
largest open cast mine in Asia.
Rampura Open pit mines in Rajasthan
Malanchkhand Copper Mines in Madhya
Pradesh
33. Underground Mines:
Kolar Gold Mines in Karnataka
Singareni Colleries in Andhra Pradesh
Jharia Coal fields mining at a depth of
500-600m in Jharkhand
34. Steps Involved In Mining:
• Geological Mapping
• To trace out a mine at some virgin area
• Geochemical and Geophysical Prospection
• If minerals are present deep in Earth
• Drilling
• To provide the deposit
• Modelling
• To know about extent, geometry, Inclination, quantity of deposit
• Opening up of a MINE
• Different methods for Surface and underground mining
35. Major Mines in India
Gold Deposits are
found in:
•Raichur
•Chittoor
•Singhbhum
•Kolar
39. Environmental Impacts of
Mining:
Soil Erosion.
Formation of Sink holes.
Loss of Bio-diversity.
Contamination of Soil, ground water & surface
water by chemicals in mining processes.
Health of local population is effected by chemicals
released in Mine Processes.
40. How to reduce Environmental
Impacts of Mining:
Environmental performances at mines are improved
so that they can produce less waste and using less
toxic chemicals.
Legislations and regulations to reduce environmental
impacts can be enacted.(Any Mining company who
failed to comply these laws are strictly punishable)
Cleaning up abandoned Mine sites.
Economic Measures.
42. Hence our endeavor to bring down the
hazards by all available means to an
acceptable level must continue.
43. Mine safety in last 50 years(Coal
Mining):
The accidents has been reduced from 295 fatalities from 223
accidents in 1951-60 to 170 fatalities from 140 fatal accidents
in 1991-2000.
Annual average figure in the first decade of the new
millennium (upto 2004) is 111 fatalities from 88 fatal
accidents.
Ten yearly average death rate per 1000 persons employed
from 0.91 to 0.32 from 1951- 60 to 1991-2000.
44. Fatality Rate per 1000 persons
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Fatality Rate: Non-Coal
Fatality Rate: Coal
Source: The Economin Times, Vikas Dhoot & YASHODHARA DASGUPTA, ET Bureau Jun 14, 2013, 04.00AM IST
45. Hence from above census we can conclude
that Mining is not so dangerous these days
if some measures are taken:
Mine workers are provided with passive personal dosimeters to evaluate
individual doses due to exposure to alpha and gamma radiation
Well-designed ventilation network provides adequate fresh
Effective Management of Waste.
Generation and dispersion of dust are controlled at mine source using dust
extractor
The mining personnel are provided with personal protective equipment such
as respirators, ear-muffs, safety goggles, gumboots, safety helmet etc for
protection against injuries and harmful exposures
46. Hence we can conclude that mining
is not that dangerous only if safety
measures are followed.
47. Careers at Mining
Today’s world faces complex problems. We all need to work
together to manage the Earth’s natural resources wisely.
More scientists and engineers will be called upon to find
the answers we need, especially in the mining industry
since it supplies the world’s mineral products. There are
literally hundreds of careers related to mining. A few are
listed below. Careers in mining offer the opportunity for
world travel, good income and the opportunity to make a
difference. Maybe one of these careers would suit you!
49. “The wealth of the state is its source in the mining
and metallurgical industry; the power of the state
comes out of these mineral resources.”
–Kautilya in Arthasastra
‘’Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s
needs, but not every man’s greed.’’
– Mahatma Gandhi