LKNOG3 - Telco Cloud Common – VIM/ CIM

2. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 2 Key technologies fueling next Wave of disruption 2 Artificial Intelligence AI led service and network operations Opex savings via automation Edge Computing Ability to support 5G edge Edge fabric to run 5G edge use cases Serverless Vim (Edge) Converged Hybrid Cloud True unified cloud architecture Support for managing Public clouds Multi Cloud Management IoT Massive IOT Cross industry use cases IoT Monetization 5G Readiness for 5G MEC Rapidly build services and allocate network resources – eg: Slicing Flow through mobile enterprise services provisioning NFV Evolution to CNCF Cloud native VNFs Containers & Microservices

3. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 3 IMSIMS Network Cloud is an enabler for Business Transformation Business Transformation Platform Transformation • Software based network applications/appliances • Highly distributed clouds • Optimal workload placement • Digital transformation of the network delivery, network operations, network supply chain • Enablement with AI and Automation Core Cloud (DC Site)Regional Cloud Mobile Edge Cloud Enterprise Micro Cloud Enterprise Micro Cloud Regional Cloud A Unified Network Cloud platform with many interconnected network and enterprise applications NFV/SDN Microservices / Cloud NativeMobile Edge Cloud 5G 5G

4. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 4 Services – consulting, transformation integration, management • Cloud and Data Center Infrastructure for NFV • Transformational Consulting incl. DevOps & Agile Methods • Systems Integration of OSS for Hybrid Networks • Enterprise Hybrid Cloud R&D • Mobile Edge Cloud for 5G • Serverless VIM for MEC • AI and Blockchain 4 IBM Solution Components • RHOSP & Openshift-VNF agnostic VIM/CIM • Netcool portfolio with Cognitive and enabled for NFV • IBM ALM Lifecycle Management for NFV • Security – Threat protection, Identity management The Network cloudification is at the heart of IBM’s strategic imperatives Partner –Supported by a broad range of NFVi and VNF partners - Cisco, Juniper, Affirmed, VMware Select Client Engagements in NFV/SDN & OSS Transformation

5. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 5 1 Current Deployment- Full Stack from one vendor Clean evolution to a future proof fully decoupled model • Cisco, Huawei, Ericsson vEPC • Ericsson and Nokia vIMS • Planned- vPCRF, vDRA • Vendor Lock-in • Multiple platform + low utilization of deployed Hw- higher TCO • Vendor specific operations skills and (limited) automation IBM proposed solution – Full Decoupling of all layers • RHOSP based with clean migration to Openshift • VNF / CNF Agnostics • Hardware Agnostic • SDN Agnostic • Highly Automated • 5G and Edge Ready • Agile and DevOps driven Orchestration • Enabled for closed loop assurance • Shorten Time to Market from months to days • Reduced TCO and reduced cost of expansion by eliminating vendor lock in • With improved agility to take advantage of new business opportunity for B2B, IoT and 5G Current Short Term Medium Term NFVi (Compute + Storage + Network) RHOSP Orchestration Layer (Not in scope of the VIM/CIM RFP) VNFs VNFs VNFs OpenShift CNFs CNFs CNFs PNFs OpenShift CNFs CNFs NFVi / SDN Hardware VNF VNF-M NFVi / SDN Hardware VNF VNF-M NFV / SDNi Hardware VNF VNF-M

6. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 6 IBM Telco Cloud Reference Architecture 6 Hardware Resources Virtual Infrastructure Management (VIM) NVF Management NVF Orchestration (NFVO) Virtualization Network Virtualized Functions (VNFs) Telco OSS BSS Physical Inventory Performance Management Fault Management Service Catalog Order Management Network Function Virtualization Orchestration Resource Orchestration Generic VNF- Manager Virtual Resource Inventory Element Management System Specific VNF-M. VNF-LCM VNF VNF VNF (Container) Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Compute KVM Virtual Storage Virtualization (Hypervisors) Virtual Network (OVS-DPDK) Physical Network Function VNF Cloud Orchestration Specific VNF-M (non-EMS integrated) Service Lifecycle Management Container Engine Compute High Throughput Compute General Purpose Storage Orchestration Virtual Machine Network NFVI Data Center Network VIM Kubernetes VIM OpenStack VIM SDI Controller SDI controller SDN Controller SDN Controller IBM Agile Lifecycle Manager IBM Agile Lifecycle Manager IBM Agile Lifecycle Manager IBM Agile Service Manager RedHat OpenStack RedHat KVM RedHat OpenShift RedHat OpenShift RedHat Ceph IBM Netcool / NOI

7. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 7 ctrl-3 ctrl-2 ctrl-1 Director cpu-1 ceph-1 cpu-2 ceph-2 Multiple OpenStack Design Options 1 Standard Central OpenStack Deployment 2 OpenStack - Distributed Compute Nodes (DCN) 3 OpenStack - HyperConverged Infrastructure (RHHI-C) 4 OpenStack - Virtualized Control Plane

9. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 9 OpenStack DCN Architecture Deployment stack Controller nodes OPTIONAL Undercloud +Container registry PRIMARY SITE DCN SITE 1 AZ1 DCN SITE 2 AZ2 DCN SITE 3 AZ3 DCN SITE 4 AZ4 DCN SITE 5 AZn OPTIONAL AZ0 OPTIONAL AZ0 Ceph cluster 0 L3 Routed Compute nodes Local ephemeral Compute nodes Local ephemeral Compute nodes Local ephemeral Compute nodes Local ephemeral Compute nodes Local ephemeral Compute nodes Local ephemeral Regional Site Edge Sites

10. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 10 Architectural Decision Points EPA Features ● Hyperthreading ● NUMA Awareness ● Huge Pages ● CPU Pinning ● CPU Isolation Data Path Acceleration ● SR-IOV ● OVS-DPDK ● Physical Redundancy ● Placement of VNFs ● Leaf & Spine Cabling ● Host Aggregates ● Anti-Affinity • Storage • Ephemeral • Cinder • Swift • Local • Management • Logs • Syslog • SNMP • Security • Security Groups • Port Security Compute Features Path Diversity and Resilience Storage, Security and Management High Availability ● Controller Redundancy ○ Active-Active ○ Active-Passive ● Pacemaker- Pacemaker can restart the resource, take the node out of the cluster, or reboot the node. ● HAProxy - Load- balancing traffic to some of the OpenStack services running on the nodes ● Galera Database- MariaDB Galera Cluster to manage database replication.

12. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 12 SDN Integration ▪ Red Hat OpenStack Director based integration support ▪ Automated route propagation in underlay spine and leaf switch fabric via ML2 plugin integration

15. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 15 Cloud Security with Red Hat OpenStack 13 ▪ Encryption and Key Management ▪ Identity and Access Management ▪ Hardening Infrastructure and Virtualization ▪ Deployed using Red Hat OpenStack Director ▪ Security Groups ▪ Port Security ▪ Firewall ▪ Keystone (Fernet Tokens) ▪ API Encryption ▪ TLS Everywhere ▪ Ceph Access Control ▪ User Account Manager and Privileges ▪ Logging and Log Aggregation ▪ Barbican (Secure Storage) ▪ Audit ▪ OpenSCAP ▪ Lawful Intercept

20. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 20 Journey from VIM to CIM OpenStack Short term Bare Metal OpenShift Kubernetes CNFs Kubernetes VNFs Medium term Bare Metal OpenShift Kubernetes CNFs Kubernetes VNFs OpenStack Long term Bare Metal CNF VNF CNF VNF VNF VNF OpenShift CNV KNI Enable Openshift on Openstack Once Openshift can manage the bare metal, we can then have each workload running on bare metal Providing our customers and partners choice : A mature OpenStack Platform or a Next Generation Platform based on OpenShift OpenStack OpenStack Bare Metal Kubernetes VNFs Enable Openstack

21. © 2019 IBM & AIRTEL Confidential 21 VNF Characterization ● VNFM ● EM ● Scale-in/Scale-out ● Affinity/Anti-affinity ● Availability Zone ● Host Aggregates ● Meta Data ● Config Disk ● Image Format ● High Availability ● Number of CPU cores ● RAM ● Hyperthreading ● NUMA Awareness ● Huge Pages ● CPU Pinning ● Guest OS ● VirtIO/SR-IOV ● Number of vNICs ● Bonding? (LACP, Active/Backup) ● Multicast? ● VLANs ● IPv6? (Control, Management and Dataplane) ● MTU (Jumbo?) ● Packet size ● Throughput requirement ● DHCP, DNS required? ● Number of Networks (Management, East- West, North-South) • Storage • Ephemeral • Cinder • Swift • Local • Management • Logs • Syslog • SNMP • Security • Security Groups • Port Security ORCHESTRATION COMPUTE NETWORKING STORAGE, SECURITY, MANAGEMENT

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