![Biomimétisme et capture d’eau en milieu aride
Nicolas Vandewalle, Floriane Weyer, Joséphine Van Hulle [ULIEGE]
Denis Terwagne [ULB]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/17-12biomimetisme-201217133958/75/rc-liege-creative-le-biomimtisme-20-2048.jpg?cb=1668014184)
![206
Figure 2: Different sizes and morphologies of scales of Phrynosoma cornutum. (A) Dorsal (back) scales along the medial line. (B) The lateral back is
characterised by thorn like scales surrounded by small polygonal scales. (C) In the lateral neck region the thorns are mainly circular and are
surrounded by small circular scales. (D) Ventral scales are diamond shaped and rather regular. (E) The scales on the head exhibit an enormous
variety with respect to the morphology and size. (F) The scales on the chin are regular and almost circular.
97% [9,11]. The microclimate in the fog chamber was
measured with a miniature weather station (Silva ADC
PRO, Silva Sweden AB). Live beetles were studied one
by one in a square arena (17 × 17 cm) with sand shaped
into a small ridge oriented perpendicular to the direc-
tion of the fog.
The time from when the beetle was placed in the
chamber until it assumed a fog-basking position was
Quantification of water collection
Prior to the third experiment, the beetles were killed
by freezing, had their legs and antennae removed and
were positioned on a stand by the use of model clay.
The ventral sides of the beetles were positioned in the
angle previously determined from live beetles fog-
basking in the fog chamber (see above). An Eppendorf
tube for water collection was placed under the apex of
Figure 1 Size difference between the four model beetles. Examples of specimens from each beetle species placed next to each other for
size comparison. A: O. unguicularis, B: O. laeviceps, C: S. gracilipes, and D: P. cribripes. The dorsal surface area of P. cribripes was found to be 1.39
times larger than O. unguicularis, 1.56 times larger than O. laeviceps, and 2.52 times larger than S. gracilipes. Scale bar: 3 cm. See Methods for how
size difference was determined.
Nørgaard and Dacke Frontiers in Zoology 2010, 7:23
http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/7/1/23
Page 3 of 8
• Organismes en milieux arides :
• Stratégies pour la capture d’eau : épines, surfaces rugueuses, écailles hydrophiles
Milieux arides
Opuntia microdasys Phrynosoma cornutum Physasterna cribripes
Ph.Comanns et al.,
Beistein J. Nanotechnol. (2011)
J.Ju et al.,
Nature Comm. (2012)
Th.Norgaard, M.Dacke,
Frontiers in Zoology (2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/17-12biomimetisme-201217133958/75/rc-liege-creative-le-biomimtisme-21-2048.jpg?cb=1668014184)
![• Rappel : suspendre une goutte
Former de grosses gouttes
Vmax =
⇠ a
⇢g
1 µ` 3 µ` 4.5 µ`
a = 250 µm
[balance gravité/capillarité]
me was
Δt for
pound
bserve
m the
ssume
by oil.
uld be
uld be
bstrate
. First,
ies: a
of the
2
The
using a
wever,
entally
water
ng oil.
μL) is
Due to
water
shape,
n layer
ines is
ber is
tion is
, both
r, the
n each
emely
o our
ucture
rocess
mental
observations as presented in Figure 3. Starting with two
spherical droplets (a pure water droplet and an oil droplet), the
simulation also leads to the formation of a compound drop on a
fiber. The results are visualized with the open source 3D
computer graphics software Blender. A refractive index n = 1.1
is used for the silicone oil in order to show that the triple lines
are separated. The next section will evidence the formation of a
quadruple line.
E. Droplet Detachment. A convincing proof of the
existence of two different contact lines can be found by
regarding large droplets. Figure 4 presents a picture of
compound droplets close to detachment, when gravity forces
start to dominate capillary forces. Both compound droplets
contain 0.5 μL of water: on the left, pure water is considered
while, on the right, soapy water is shown. The volume of oil is
increased gradually until the drop is ready to fall. From the
ttom) numerical results. The encapsulation process leads to the formation of a
a 200 μm diameter fiber. The oil progressively encapsulates the water droplet leading
Figure 4. Pictures of two droplets close to detachment: (left)
compound droplet with 0.5 μL of pure water and 3.9 μL of oil, (right)
compound droplet with 0.5 μL of soapy water and 3.5 μL of oil on a
fiber (diameter d = 200 μm).
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b013917802
experiments, we found out that the critical volume of oil is 3.9
μL, for pure water and 3.5 μL for soapy water Figure 4.
Numerical simulations predict a critical volume of 4.2 μL for
pure water and 3.5 μL for soapy water. Even if the oil volumes
are slightly different, both experimental and numerical data
show that pure water can hold larger volumes of oil than soapy
water. Moreover, the shapes of the drops are different
depending on the nature of the inner droplet as it can be
seen from Figure 4. The simulations also lead to these different
shapes as shown in Figure 5. By comparing Figures 4 and 5, it is
Figure 6. Maximum and global volume of the compound droplet (Vw
+ Vo) that can be reached just before detachment as a function of the
volume of the inner droplet. The nature of the inner droplets affects
Langmuir Article
F.Weyer, M.Ben Said, J.Hötzer, M.Berghoff, L.Dreesen, B.Nestler, N.Vandewalle, Langmuir 31, 7799 (2015)
~<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
~<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
~P<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/17-12biomimetisme-201217133958/75/rc-liege-creative-le-biomimtisme-25-2048.jpg?cb=1668014184)
RC LIEGE CREATIVE Le biomimétisme
•0 likes•749 views
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Rencontre-conférence sur le biomimétisme
More Related Content
Similar to RC LIEGE CREATIVE Le biomimétisme
Similar to RC LIEGE CREATIVE Le biomimétisme(20)
More from LIEGE CREATIVE
More from LIEGE CREATIVE(20)
RC LIEGE CREATIVE Le biomimétisme
- 3. Principes du Vivant & Civilisation post-pétrole Coronavida, 17 décembre 2020 Gauthier Chapelle, Chercheur in(Terre)dépendant en biomimétisme, Naturaliste et papa
- 4. Le biomimétisme « S’inspirer des organismes vivants pour être durable » Janine Benyus, 1997 … grâce aux “Principes du Vivant”
- 5. Les Principes du Vivant (sélection) « La Vie crée et entretient les conditions propices à la Vie » Les organismes vivants... Evitent les toxiques persistants Utilisent les déchets comme matériaux S’approvisionnent localement Utilisent l’énergie avec efficacité (solaire à 99%) Retiennent les processus qui soutiennent la vie Rebondissent après les chocs S’appuient sur la coopération & la diversité Ne surexploitent pas leurs ressources Récoltent en permanence des informations et s’y ajustent modifié par Greenloop d’après Cooper,1992; Biomimicry Guild,2006; www.resalliance.org)
- 6. L’inspiration écosystémique …sans Conseil d’Administration Veiller sur la santé des autres pour assurer la sienne Arbres & « mycorhizes »
- 7. Décroître: appeler un chat un chat Quel biomimétisme ?
- 8. Vers une économie régénérative : allons-y ! Pour redevenir compatible avec la biosphère et réparer les dégâts, nous devons : Arrêter la production de poisons & et de déchets ultimes Dépendre exclusivement de l’énergie de flux (sortir des fossiles) Restaurer les écosystèmes Fixer le carbone Changer radicalement d’indicateurs économiques Viser l’équité entre humains, et avec le vivant
- 9. La Ferme du Bec Hellouin, Normandie Vers une agriculture post-pétrole Agroforesterie & permaculture Des défis multiples Produire de la nourriture Réparer les écosystèmes (le sol !) Produire de l'énergie et des matériaux ... sans pétrole ... avec un climat instable
- 10. Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012) : Les 6 principes 1 Utiliser des traits fonctionnels complémentaires pour assurer production et résilience Arbres : ombres, micro-climat, vent, eau et nutriments, humus, fruits, bois, rétention de sol Champignons : dégradent bois mort, poussent sans lumière, comestibles Cultures vivrières : comestibles, couverture du sol, fixation azote Petits fruitiers en haie 2ème rideau de protection, Fruits, fixent le sol Illustration U of Minnesota
- 11. 2 Maintenir la fertilité du sol en le gardant toujours couvert Image mulch avec vers etc pour illustrer effets Ou juste photo mulch Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012) : Les 6 principes
- 12. 3 Favoriser les collaborations plutôt que la compétition entre plantes Le système « milpa » des Maya Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012) : Les 6 principes
- 13. 4 Contrôler les ravageurs par des niveaux trophiques complexes Source http://www.foodsecurity.ac.uk/research/impact/push-pull.html Le système dit « push-pull » ou Charmer-Chasser en Afrique Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012) : Les 6 principes
- 14. 5 Utiliser les propriétés des plantes et les alternatives biologiques pour contrôler les ravageurs et maladies Source: Mascarin, G. M., & Jaronski, S. T. (2016). The production and uses of Beauveria bassiana as a microbial insecticide Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012) : Les 6 principes Beauveria bassiana, champignon entomopathogène
- 15. 6 Reproduire les successions écologiques après dérangement En « foresterie analogue » Agriculture biomimétique Ecomimétisme (Malézieux 2012): Les 6 principes
- 16. Amortisseur climatique Accumulateur d’énergie sous forme de carbone Régulateur et épurateur de l’eau Conservateur et améliorateur des sols Générateur et maillon essentiel de biodiversité Source : Association Française d’Agroforesterie L’agroforesterie
- 17. L’arbre au cœur de la ferme Mark Shepard (2013) Restoration Agriculture: Real-World Permaculture for Farmers. Acres USA, 329 p. Sortir de l’agriculture de steppe
- 18. Sortir de la civilisation fossile: se préparer avec les Principes du Vivant, ou subir ? Aurélien Barrau “Nous sommes donc en train de mettre en œuvre le crash du système Planète-Terre, ce qui est un peu contrariant.” “ … Il n’est évidemment pas trop tard pour éviter que ce ne soit encore pire… ”
- 19. Prof. N.Vandewalle, GRASP Lab Soft Matter at the University of Liège, Belgium keywords : microfluidics, granular materials, droplets, foams, colloids, interfaces, smart self-assembly, complex fluids, rheology, soft robotics, … APL (2009)PRL (2005) Langmuir (2010) Sc. Rep. (2015) @vdwnico Nature (2020) PRF (2021)
- 20. Biomimétisme et capture d’eau en milieu aride Nicolas Vandewalle, Floriane Weyer, Joséphine Van Hulle [ULIEGE] Denis Terwagne [ULB]
- 21. 206 Figure 2: Different sizes and morphologies of scales of Phrynosoma cornutum. (A) Dorsal (back) scales along the medial line. (B) The lateral back is characterised by thorn like scales surrounded by small polygonal scales. (C) In the lateral neck region the thorns are mainly circular and are surrounded by small circular scales. (D) Ventral scales are diamond shaped and rather regular. (E) The scales on the head exhibit an enormous variety with respect to the morphology and size. (F) The scales on the chin are regular and almost circular. 97% [9,11]. The microclimate in the fog chamber was measured with a miniature weather station (Silva ADC PRO, Silva Sweden AB). Live beetles were studied one by one in a square arena (17 × 17 cm) with sand shaped into a small ridge oriented perpendicular to the direc- tion of the fog. The time from when the beetle was placed in the chamber until it assumed a fog-basking position was Quantification of water collection Prior to the third experiment, the beetles were killed by freezing, had their legs and antennae removed and were positioned on a stand by the use of model clay. The ventral sides of the beetles were positioned in the angle previously determined from live beetles fog- basking in the fog chamber (see above). An Eppendorf tube for water collection was placed under the apex of Figure 1 Size difference between the four model beetles. Examples of specimens from each beetle species placed next to each other for size comparison. A: O. unguicularis, B: O. laeviceps, C: S. gracilipes, and D: P. cribripes. The dorsal surface area of P. cribripes was found to be 1.39 times larger than O. unguicularis, 1.56 times larger than O. laeviceps, and 2.52 times larger than S. gracilipes. Scale bar: 3 cm. See Methods for how size difference was determined. Nørgaard and Dacke Frontiers in Zoology 2010, 7:23 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/7/1/23 Page 3 of 8 • Organismes en milieux arides : • Stratégies pour la capture d’eau : épines, surfaces rugueuses, écailles hydrophiles Milieux arides Opuntia microdasys Phrynosoma cornutum Physasterna cribripes Ph.Comanns et al., Beistein J. Nanotechnol. (2011) J.Ju et al., Nature Comm. (2012) Th.Norgaard, M.Dacke, Frontiers in Zoology (2010)
- 22. Milieux arides • Collecte d’eau en milieux arides : Népal, Chili, Maroc Filets à nuages : système passif de captation de l’eau contenue dans le brouillard • Stratégie : pas vraiment… mais ça marche Q = 1 L/m2 jour<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
- 23. • Que peut-on apprendre de la nature sur chacun de ces processus ? condensation capture accumulation transport • Trois étapes importantes pour la collecte d’eau : Milieux arides
- 24. Alex Edg Ernst VikneSteven Murray Former de grosses gouttes • Comment des végétaux peuvent-ils former d’aussi grosses gouttes ? • Effet des ramifications, angles particuliers ?
- 25. • Rappel : suspendre une goutte Former de grosses gouttes Vmax = ⇠ a ⇢g 1 µ` 3 µ` 4.5 µ` a = 250 µm [balance gravité/capillarité] me was Δt for pound bserve m the ssume by oil. uld be uld be bstrate . First, ies: a of the 2 The using a wever, entally water ng oil. μL) is Due to water shape, n layer ines is ber is tion is , both r, the n each emely o our ucture rocess mental observations as presented in Figure 3. Starting with two spherical droplets (a pure water droplet and an oil droplet), the simulation also leads to the formation of a compound drop on a fiber. The results are visualized with the open source 3D computer graphics software Blender. A refractive index n = 1.1 is used for the silicone oil in order to show that the triple lines are separated. The next section will evidence the formation of a quadruple line. E. Droplet Detachment. A convincing proof of the existence of two different contact lines can be found by regarding large droplets. Figure 4 presents a picture of compound droplets close to detachment, when gravity forces start to dominate capillary forces. Both compound droplets contain 0.5 μL of water: on the left, pure water is considered while, on the right, soapy water is shown. The volume of oil is increased gradually until the drop is ready to fall. From the ttom) numerical results. The encapsulation process leads to the formation of a a 200 μm diameter fiber. The oil progressively encapsulates the water droplet leading Figure 4. Pictures of two droplets close to detachment: (left) compound droplet with 0.5 μL of pure water and 3.9 μL of oil, (right) compound droplet with 0.5 μL of soapy water and 3.5 μL of oil on a fiber (diameter d = 200 μm). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b013917802 experiments, we found out that the critical volume of oil is 3.9 μL, for pure water and 3.5 μL for soapy water Figure 4. Numerical simulations predict a critical volume of 4.2 μL for pure water and 3.5 μL for soapy water. Even if the oil volumes are slightly different, both experimental and numerical data show that pure water can hold larger volumes of oil than soapy water. Moreover, the shapes of the drops are different depending on the nature of the inner droplet as it can be seen from Figure 4. The simulations also lead to these different shapes as shown in Figure 5. By comparing Figures 4 and 5, it is Figure 6. Maximum and global volume of the compound droplet (Vw + Vo) that can be reached just before detachment as a function of the volume of the inner droplet. The nature of the inner droplets affects Langmuir Article F.Weyer, M.Ben Said, J.Hötzer, M.Berghoff, L.Dreesen, B.Nestler, N.Vandewalle, Langmuir 31, 7799 (2015) ~<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> ~<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> ~P<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
- 26. 2b • Système modèle : imiter la nature Former de grosses gouttes • Mesures du volume maximal suspendu ↵<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> ↵<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
- 27. A B C D ,(/ ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 +$ m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 160 7m (soapy water) 250 7m (soapy water) 350 7m (soapy water) 250 7m (glycerol) Model I Model II Model III α(◦ ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ω∗ m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 160 µm (soapy water) 250 µm (soapy water) 350 µm (soapy water) 250 µm (glycerol) Model I Model II Model III 5 mm (c) (d) (e) g 5 mm g (e) (d)(c) Droplets on bent fibers : results At the end… Optimal angle at ↵ = 21 The optimal angle could improve the fog collection Former de grosses gouttes 1 mm θ1 θ2 θ3 L1 Lsinθ (a) (b) (c) Slope = -1 Slope = 0 • Comprendre la physique… • Différents régimes et angle optimal Z.Pan, F.Weyer, W.G.Pitt, N.Vandewalle and T.T.Truscott, Soft Matter 14, 3724-3729 (2018)
- 28. Former de grosses gouttes • Imiter la nature > Comprendre > Optimiser • Concrètement on peut multiplier par 3 le volume formé ! > prototypes • Géométrie et physique intimement liés • Attention à ne pas trop diminuer la taille des mailles pour éviter le clogging
- 29. J.Ju et al., Nature Comm. (2012) • Epine de cactus : Transport capillaire Opuntia microdasys • Principe : ~+<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> ~<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
- 30. Transport capillaire • Epines modèles par impression 3d. • Transport capillaire : asymétrie des forces capillaires J. Van Hulle, F. Weyer, S. Dorbolo, N. Vandewalle, Phys. Rev. Fluids, in press (2021)
- 31. Transport capillaire • Deux régimes dynamiques / modèle : « barrel shape » « clamshell shape »
- 32. Transport capillaire • Imiter > comprendre > optimiser • Contrôle du trajet des gouttes F.Weyer, A.Duchesne and N.Vandewalle, Sci. Rep. 7, 13309 (2017)
- 33. ICLES NATURE MATERIALS a b 1.86 s 2.90 s 5.25 s2.91 sc 1 cm 300 mm 500 µm 200 µm 1 2 3 5 4 6 1.28 s 6 5+6 1+2+3+4 1.56 s α β Operculum Peristome Pitcher Trichome 1+2+3+4 1+2+3+4+5+6 1ʹ 3.91 s 3.94 s 5 Perspectives • Super vitesses : lubrification rainures ! vitesses x3 • Imiter et comprendre : H.Chen et al., Nature Mat. (2018)
- 34. Perspectives • S’inspirer du vivant mais aussi de l’art : origamis et kirigamis J.Vandewalle Filet kirigami : système anti-clogging