3 Hour session delivered to faculty and staff at Friends Academy in North Dartmouth, MA. How do we learn about our various group identities like female, African American, Buddhist, homosexual, middle class, etc.? From whom do we learn the meaning of these terms? What messages have we internalized about ourselves and others? What are the differences that result in one person having a healthy self identity and another person experiencing own-group shame and hatred? Learn how we can co-author the identity development of youth to progress toward positive success for all.

1. I Learned Who I Was When…
Identity Development
Friends Academy
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

2. About Seattle Girls’ School
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

3. Agenda
 Identity Development
 Exercise: Up-Downs
 Break
 Theory: Models of Identity Development
 Exercise: Theories and My Life
 Break
 Theory: Developmental Model of
Intercultural Sensitivity
 So What, Now What?
 Resources
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

4. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

5. Identity Development
 What is it?
 What are the
various dimensions
of identity?
 Why identity
development?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

6. Dimensions of Identity and Culture
This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity
Institute, adapted from Loden and Rosener’s Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe
(SHRM 2003).
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

7. Exercise: Up-Downs
• Stand proudly for your group
• Stand for as many groups
within one category
as applies to you
• If you are not standing,
cheer and applaud
the people who are
National Coalition Building Institute, Seattle Chapter, “Building Bridges Workshop,” Adapted by Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

8. Debrief: Up-Downs
How did it feel to
stand and claim your
identities and
experiences? To be
applauded for them?
To applaud others for
their identities and
their experiences?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

9. Break
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

10. Racial, Ethnic, LGB Identity
Development Models
• All Models Have
Some Value
• All Models Have
Some Limitations
• Models Can Extend
Beyond Cultural
Identifiers Used
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

11. Exercise:
Theories Jigsaw
Please choose a theory
that reflects one of your
identities. Read the theory
summary and ask the
facilitator any questions
you have about it.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

12. Exercise:
Theories Jigsaw
Please take turns sharing
highlights and
understandings from the
theory you read. Do these
theories resonate with your
own experience?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

13. Break
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

14. Identity Development:
Hidden Lessons of School
Theory
Comparisons
Co-Authorship of
Identity
Our Roles as
Educators
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

15. R.T. Carter’s Model:
Racial Identity and
Social Interactions
 Parallel
 Regressive
 Crossed
 Progressive
 Symbiotic
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

16. Effect of Varying Identifications
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

17. Orientations Toward Ethnic Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

18. Identity Development
of an Institution
Pre-Encounter
Encounter
Dissonance
Identity Search
Resolution
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

19. Developmental Model of Intercultural
Sensitivity (DMIS) Schematic
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

20. So What? Now What?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

21. Self Assessment
and Goal Setting
 What did you learn today
that was new, helpful, or
thought provoking?
 What are some goals or
strategies you would like to
apply in the classroom or
in your life?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

22. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

23. Identity Resources
• Carlos H. Arce, “A Reconsideration of Chicano Culture
and Identity”
• Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, “Racial/Cultural Identity
Development Model (R/CID)”
• Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, “Socioemotional
Development for Girls”
• Vivienne Cass, “Homosexual identity formation: Testing a
theoretical model”
• William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African
American Identity”
• Anthony D’Augelli, “ Identity development and sexual
orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and
bisexual development”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

24. Identity Resources
• Erik Erikson, “Eight Stages of Man”
• J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic
Identity Development
• Jean Kim, “Processes of Asian American Identity
Development”
• James Maricia, “Four Ego and Identity Statuses”
• Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, “The Three C’s of Hardiness”
• Jean S. Phinney, “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and
Adults: Review of the Research”
• Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice
• Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

25. Identity Resources
• Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill,
“Measuring the Success of Diversity Directors in
Independent Schools”
• Pedro Ruiz, “Latino/a Identity Development Model”
• Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial
Identity Theory
• Alex Wilson, “How We Find Ourselves: Identity
Development and Two Spirit People”
• Christine J. Yeh, “The Collectivistic Nature of Identity
Development Among Asian-American College
Students”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

26. Miscellaneous Resources
• Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and
Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
• Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
• Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
• Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
• Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

27. The following are slides and exercises
for extra time, if any
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

28. Case Study:
Identity and Schools
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

29. Case Study: Sibling Role Model
A 5th grade class is studying the Little Rock Eight story and the
experiences of the first African American students in integrated
schools. The curriculum is a well-vetted and successful one. It
includes many readings, first person accounts, and an in-depth
analysis of the n word (its history, impact, etc.). One day after
school, Kevin, a 2nd grader at the same school, overhears his 5th
grader brother reading aloud one of the readings with his
classmate, a first person account that uses the n word in full form.
Kevin mulls over the term and wonders what it means. At school,
he looks up the n word in the dictionary. He gathers a few of his
friends, and they talk about what the word means with some
confusion, some amusement, and some discomfort. Two girls,
one African American and one multiracial (part African heritage),
see the boys engrossed in the dictionary. One of the boys looks
at one of the girls, points to her, and giggles. The girls decide to
go over and investigate, and they find out what the boys are up to.
Angry and upset, they report the incident to a teacher.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

30. Case Study: Sibling Role Model
What’s going on?
How is the conflict based on identity
development?
What would you do to increase
awareness, understanding, and esteem
for your community?
What issues from this case resonate
with you and Friends Academy?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

31. Case Study: Inclusion “Versus” Rigor?
After years of hearing complaints from students of color, their
families, and their allies that the curriculum only represents white
(and mostly white male) authors, your English department has
revamped the literature curriculum such that all students would
read works by authors from various racial and ethnic groups. A
few parents begin expressing concern that their white children are
talking at home about how “class is always about people of color”
and “we never read white authors.” Some parents and even
teachers are also concerned that the students “will not be
adequately exposed to the classics” and therefore “will not have
the same academic advantage” as students from other schools
which have a “more robust classic literature curriculum.” They are
especially concerned about performance in standardized tests
and college courses. These parents and teachers say that they
support diversity and have nothing against the authors being
presented, but they are pushing the school to have the changes to
the literature curriculum to be implemented in optional or
enrichment courses instead of the required courses.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

32. Case Study: Inclusion “Versus” Rigor
What’s going on?
How is the conflict based on identity
development?
What would you do to increase
awareness, understanding, and esteem
for your community?
What issues from this case resonate
with you and Friends Academy?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

33. Case Study: Between Two Worlds
Julio, a Latino student, has told the school counselor that he is
negotiating a very confusing life. On one hand, he loves school. He
is doing well in classes and has high academic ability and
performance. On the other hand, he is enrolled in mostly honors
classes, where he is one of the few (and often the only) Latino
students. Enrique, his best friend from childhood years, started to
diverge from Julio’s academic path starting freshman year when Julio
was placed on an accelerated track and Enrique was not. Enrique
struggles academically, and he has gotten into more disciplinary
trouble the more his academic performance has slipped. These two
friends have no classes together and are having difficulty maintaining
their closeness. Julio’s friends in his honors classes have nicknamed
him “Leo” recently, and Julio has tolerated it and sometimes even
liked it. Enrique, hearing this, pushes Julio that he is no longer
“connected to his roots” and “becoming whiter every day.” To prove
himself to Enrique that he is “still one of the guys,” Julio agrees to
graffiti the boys’ bathroom walls with their neighborhood gang’s
symbol. They are caught in this act by a staff member.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

34. Case Study: Between Two Worlds
What’s going on?
How is the conflict based on identity
development?
What would you do to increase
awareness, understanding, and esteem
for your community?
What issues from this case resonate
with you and Friends Academy?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

35. Case Study: On My Own Time
Monique is an African American student who is very proud of
her Black heritage. She mode and code switches to meet
academic and social expectations of the classroom, and she
is a successful student. In unstructured spaces (lunch,
hallways, etc.), Monique expresses herself and her
understanding of her ethnic heritage by speaking Ebonics or
African American Vernacular English with her Black friends;
she does many of her school reports on African American
leaders and role models; and she wears her hair proudly in
an Afro daily. One day, she approaches the Diversity
Director, frustrated by interactions with Ms. Johnson, an
African American teacher. This teacher has repeatedly
admonished the student over the use of Ebonics, saying “It’s
not a real language, so you shouldn’t use it at school.” She
feels that Ms. Johnson is being unfair and that she is going to
influence other teachers to “keep her down.”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

36. Case Study: On My Own Time
What’s going on?
How is the conflict based on identity
development?
What would you do to increase
awareness, understanding, and esteem
for your community?
What issues from this case resonate
with you and Friends Academy?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)