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APEC TOURISM WORKING GROUP
(TWG02/2008A)
How to develop a cbt
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Handbook on Community Based Tourism
How to develop a cbt
How to develop a cbt
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How to develop a cbt
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How to develop a cbt
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How to develop a cbt
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How to develop a cbt
How to develop a cbt
How to develop a cbt
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  •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andbook on Community Based Tourism
  • 21. Handbook on Community Based Tourism
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  • 23. ' " ( ) * ++, -+( -. +!!/ ( &0$-* " % 1 ) -0+/2 &% !3 !" #$%&#%' ( ) ( *#+%, - ' %. / . &, 0-%1 2 &3 5R(%a0212%34^5%3#KK0-2&;Y%a02K,:,1%_1*,-. 4?@%ABA>% '212**012#-;(-&%,C&(8%D-2&2,*%E0+:#82,% F%5,%G:2-%H2**,I(J%H2(&%K,; 7-$:5P/(+-/$1-5#/$/15R/.5$#7/R'-C0+-/J#0J5#/ "$%$:5"5%-P/70"5/01/-C5"/%0R/155,/($A/ $(0+-/-0+#'7"/$7/-C5./*0+,A/%0-/"$95/$/ ,'4'%:/RC',5/0-C5#7/$#5/:5--'%:/#'*Ch gn545#.0%5/R$7/-#.'%:/-0/:5-/0%/-C5/(+7/ RC5%/ '-/ $##'457/ $%A/ R',,/ $+-0"$-'*$,,./ 10,,0R/ -C5/ -#$45,,5#7/ 1#0"/ -C5/ (5:'%%'%:/ -0/ -C5/ 5%A/ 01/ -C5/ -#'Jh/ a5c-#$*-7/ 1#0"/ '%-5#4'5R/ R'-C/ )00-J#'%-/ 8#$45,/ 0%/ -C5/ ,0*$,/*0""+%'-.E7/#5$A'%577/10#/-0+#'7"bM [%^(.%',#%$#K,-%2-%5,%9R2-%d2**,L( 11
  • 24. ' " ( ) * + + , - + ( - .+! ! /(&0 $-*"%1)-0+/2&%! 3 !" # $ %&# % ' ( ) ( * #+%,-'%./.&,0-%12& 3 :)2847(K[ =1-13*,#,#E(-@1(>&B1(&C(2&+3,0* 80+#'7"/7C0+,A/%0-/(5/#5:$#A5A/$7/$/J$%$*5$/$%A/*$#51+,/J,$%%'%:/$%A/7.7-5"$-'*/'"J,5"5%-$-'0%/ $#5/%5*577$#./10#/'-/-0/(#'%:/$(0+-/-C5/A57'#5A/J07'-'45/'"J$*-M/8C5#510#5/'-/'7/5775%-'$,/-C$-/-C5/#0,5/ 01/-0+#'7"/'7/J#0J5#,./*0""+%'*$-5A/-0/-C5/,0*$,/*0""+%'-'57/57J5*'$,,./-C5/A'115#5%-/R$.7/-C$-/ -0+#'7"/*$%/1+%*-'0%P/RC'*C/$#5f/ !/800,/80/B+7-'1./ Q0%75#4$-'0%/ 3110#-7 !%/!,-5#%$-'45/ !/g8#$'%'%:/ !%A/O+*#$-'45/ e#0+%Ah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cU $"J,5/ 01/ C0R/ -C5/ *0""+%'-./ ,5$A5#7/ -009/ -C5/ #$A'*$,/ 7-5J/ 01/ 7-$#-'%:/ $/ R',A,'15/ -0+#'7"/ '%A+7-#./ aRC$,5/ R$-*C'%:b/ '%/ $%-'*'J$-'0%/ 01/ 75#4'*5/-C$-/+75A/-0/J#04'A5/-C5/"$'%/70+#*5/01/ 5"J,0."5%-/10#/-C5/,0*$,/;$0#'/*0""+%'-.M 12
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  • 28. ' " ( ) * + + , - + ( - .+! ! /(&0 $-*"%1)-0+/2&%! 3 !" # $ %&# % ' ( ) ( * #+%,-'%./.&,0-%12& 3 4?@%ABZ>% /,0-I%U-IR*0-I%V.W#%[%Y8#;%U-IR*0-I% G(8C#8;,-9(%&#%U-IR*0-I%G8#.09&2#- 0J5#$-'0%/(./"04'%:/+J/-C5/4$,+5/*C$'%P/ 1#0"/ (5'%:/ -C5/ $%:9,+%:/ J5#10#"$%*5/ *5%-#5/ -0/ $/ *0""5#*'$,/ J#0A+*5#/ 01/ -C5/ $%:9,+%:/ "+7'*$,/ '%7-#+"5%-M/ 8C5/ J#0A+*-'0%/0J5#$-'0%/'7/(5'%:/A'7-#'(+-5A/ $"0%:/ ==/ *,+7-5#7/ '%/ -C5/ 7+##0+%A'%:/ 4',,$:57M/ ;0A5#%/ 5k+'J"5%-7/ $%A/ -5*C%'k+57/$#5/(5'%:/+75A/-0/'"J#045/-C5/ k+$,'-./ 01/ -C5/ '%7-#+"5%-/ $%A/ @!6/ 545%/ *0""'77'0%5A/ #575$#*C5#7/ 1#0"/ -C5/ ,0*$,/ +%'45#7'-./ -0/ *0%A+*-/ #575$#*C/ 0%/ -C5/ 7J5*'57/ 01/ ($"(00/ -C$-/ J#0A+*5/ -C5/ (57-/ 70+%AM// 5$#%#Q%&R(%,-L8*0-L K,-0Q,S&0:2-L%S*01&(:1%,&%/[ 16
  • 29. ' " ( ) * ++, -+( -. +!!/ ( &0$-* " % 1 ) -0+/2 &% !3 !" #$%&#%' ( ) ( *#+%, - ' %. / . &, 0-%1 2 &3 "+$*2K%L' +744GC:?%2BA%7%)CAB7AC;:7=%":7=GFCF% = T H$4'%:/ $%7R5#5A/ -C5/ 95./ k+57-'0%7/ $(045P/ @-5J/ =/ 7C0+,A/ -C5%/ J#0*55A/ (./ *$##.'%:/ 0+-/ > $/ @'-+$-'0%$,/ !%$,.7'7/ 01/ -C5/ *0""+%'-.E7/ $--'-+A5P/ *0%*5#%7/ $%A/ $7J'#$-'0%7M/ !77+"'%:/ Z -C$-/-C5/*0""+%'-./R$%-7/-0/5"(#$*5/-0+#'7"P/ -C5/ @'-+$-'0%$,/ !%$,.7'7/ 7C0+,A/ *045#/ -C5/ 10,,0R'%:f G O0*$,/ =KPT??/+%'-7 *0""+%'-./ "J( ]@"-($&10(-@1(F&**+#,-.(1ZH1F-(-&(E",#( 01/$%:9,+%: L 1#0"/ C3&*()/2^ J5#/"0%-C 7+##0+%A'%:/ 4',,$:57 / 8C5'#/ 5cJ5*-$-'0%7/ 7C0+,A/ %0-/ (5/ 70,5,./ ^ [-L8*0-L% /0++#:&1%K#:(% +:#.0S&2#-%+(:% &R,-%IYV??%*#S,*% i0(7/ $%A/ (5--5#/ '%*0"5/ (+-/ 7C0+,A/ $,70/ K#-&R%2-%V??E% < 2-S*0.2-L%$#K(-% '%*,+A5/ %0%U"0%5-$#./ :$'%7/ 7+*C/ $7/ -C5/ Q:#K%&R(%II% ,-.%;#0&R%2-% S*01&(:1 &(:K1%#Q%+:#)2.2-L% '%*#5$75/'%/70*'$,/*0C57'0%/$%A/J#'A5/'%/,0*$,/ (K+*#;K(-&%,-.% *0""+%'-.M/ D0/ %0-/ '"J075/ "$-5#'$,'7-'*/ K 1&,7*(%2-S#K( 4$,+57/(5*$+75/-C5/*$75/7-+A'57/C$45/7C0R%/ -C$-/-C5/%0%U"0%5-$#./:$'%7/$#5/5k+$,,./0#/ =? "0#5/ '"J0#-$%-/ -0/ -C5/ ,0*$,7/ a5M:M/ 10#:'%:/ 1#'5%A7C'J/ R'-C/ J50J,5/ 1#0"/ $,,/ 045#/ -C5/ == R0#,A/$%A/'%*#5$75/'%/75,1/57-55"bM/ 9:#.0S&2#-%#+(:,&2#-%21%7(2-L%.21&:270&(.% %J( =1-13*,#1( F&**+#,-.( Y"B+10d( "--,-+$10d( ,K#-L%II%S*01&(:1%2-%&R(%10::#0-.2-L%)2**,L(1 "0H,3"-,&#0("#$(F&#F13#0J F2LN%VND<%[-L8*0-L%9:#.0S&2#-%e+(:,&2#-%7;%3*01&(:1 / W%/ "07-/ *0""+%'-'57P/ -C5/ 5,A5#7/ 7-',,/ *0""$%A/ #57J5*-/ $%A/ -C5/ (57-/ R$./ 01/ 5%7+#'%:/ g(+./ '%h/ 1#0"/ -C5/ 5%-'#5/ FJ( 8$1#-,C.( -@1( B"%&+3( C&3F1( #11$0( C&3( *0""+%'-./ '7/ -0/ 5%7+#5/ -C$-/ $%./ Q28/ -&+3,0*J J#0i5*-/ '%/ -C5/ 1+-+#5/ R',,/ %0-/ i50J$#A'75/ / W%/ 'A5%-'1.'%:/ -C5/ ,$(0+#/ 10#*5/ %55A7P/ -C5/ 5c'7-'%:/ *0""+%'-./ 7-#+*-+#5/ $%A/ '%*,+A5/ -C5/ '%A':5%0+7/ 9%0R,5A:5/ 01/ -C5/ 4$,+57M/ )0#:'%:/ $/ 75%75/ 01/ 0R%5#7C'J/ $%A/ *0""+%'-./ $7/ $/ +%'k+5/ C+"$%/ #570+#*5/ 5%7+#'%:/ ,0*$,/ *0%-#0,/ 1#0"/ -C5/ (5:'%%'%:/ 79',,M/ 7/J#045%/'%/I:M/2$-+/N+-5C/a;'70R$,$'/ ! $#5/*#+*'$,/:'45%/-C5/5cJ5*-5A/'%-5#57-/1#0"/ H0"57-$.b/ -C5/ 10#"5#/ ,0::5#7/ C$45/ (55%/ -0+#/ 0J5#$-0#7/ $%A/ 0-C5#/ 0+-7'A5/ J$#-'57/ $(,5/ -0/ +75/ -C5'#/ A55J/ +%A5#7-$%A'%:/ $%A/ 0%*5/-0+#'7"/J#0i5*-7/$#5/'"J,5"5%-5AM/V1/ J#'"5/*0%*5#%/'7/RC$-/-C5/*0""+%'-./'7/%0-/ -0/:00A/5115*-/0%*5/-C5./$#5/C'#5AP/-#$'%5A/ R',,'%:/-0/:'45/+J/10#/-C5/7$95/01/-0+#'7"M 17
  • 30. ' " ( ) * + + , - + ( - .+! ! /(&0 $-*"%1)-0+/2&%! 3 !" # $ %&# % ' ( ) ( * #+%,-'%./.&,0-%12& 3 *0""+%'-.Y/W7/'-/75$70%$,Y/D0/.0+-C7/,5$45/ 4?@%AB>% -C5/*0""+%'-./-0/7559/5"J,0."5%-Y Y#8;(8%]#II(8%508-(.%3#-1(8),&2#-21&%^% _02.( 7C0J7/$%A/75#4'*57/'%/-C5/*0""+%'-.Y *0""+%'-./ A5J5%A7/ 0%/ 5*0%0"'*$,,.Y/ 5*0%0"'*/$*-'4'-.Y /#92,*^30*&08,* F#:K(:%*#LL(:%&0:-(.%S#-1(:),&2#-21&%O%L02.( ,'4'%:/'%/-C'7/*0""+%'-.Y 2510#5/ (5'%:/ '%40,45A/ '%/ -C5/ ;3@QV8/ J#0i5*-P/ `$C.$/ R$7/ R0#9'%:/ 10#/ -'"(5#/ $(0+-/.0+#/*0""+%'-.Y *$"J7/ 10#/ "0#5/ -C$%/ =?/ .5$#7M/ !1-5#/ -C5/ -'"(5#/ '%A+7-#./ R$7/ 10#*5A/ -0/ *5$75/ $*-'4'-'57/'%/.0+#/*0""+%'-.Y 0J5#$-'0%/(./-C5/5$#,./=KK?7P/C5/R$7/:'45%/ $/i0(/$7/$/:+'A5/10#/;'70R$,$'/H0"57-$.M/ $%A/,5'7+#5/5%4'#0%"5%-7/R'-C/-0+#'7-7Y H'7/ 5cJ5#'5%*5/ $%A/ 4$7-/ 9%0R,5A:5/ 01/ *0""+%'-.Y -C5/ i+%:,5/ $#5/ %0R/ (5'%:/ +75A/ '%/ C'7/ '%-5#J#5-$-'0%/ RC',5/ -$9'%:/ -0+#'7-7/ 0%/ %$-+#5/ -0+#7M/ 5*5%-,.P/ `$C.$/ R$7/ E-)28#-;(-&,*%NK,&08,*O $JJ0'%-5A/ $7/ -C5/ ,0*$,/ 7+J5#4'70#/ 10#/ -C5/ 10#57-/ #57-0#$-'0%/ J#0:#$""5/ 1+%A5A/ (./ -C5/@$($C/)0#57-#./D5J$#-"5%-/a@)DbM/ $#5$7/ $%A/ 0-C5#/ %$-+#$,/ #5*#5$-'0%$,/ $#5$7/ R'-C/-0+#'7-7Y )7@I=5%;6%D;49FE55A%!"#$%&'#()*+,( -$.$#/$.(0./1'*2/&/'2(-+.2+*&/3,4(56667 E-)28#-;(-&%N402*.2-I%,-.%D-C8,1&809&08(O D;49FE55A%&M&'%$;%7FF5FF%G;B4% *C$#$*-5#Y 8;@@B:CAGNF%457>C:5FF%6;4%A;B4CF@ 2@1( C&BB&Q,#E( "31( 0&*1( e+10-,&#0( $10,E#1$( 01/.0+#/*0""+%'-./$%A/$#5$/a*,5$%P/5-*MbY -&(@1BH(E"-@13(,#C&3*"-,&#(Q@,F@(Q,BB(1#"%B1( .&+( -&( "00100( .&+3( F&**+#,-.f0( #11$0( "#$( R5,,/"$#95AY/H0R/$(0+-/7':%$:5/'%-0/-C5/ 31"$,#100(C&3(-&+3,0*[X *0""+%'-./1#0"/-C5/"$'%/$**577/J0'%-7Y U E9#-#;29 "+%'-./*C$#$*-5#/$%A/'"$:5Y 18
  • 31. ' " ( ) * ++, -+( -. +!!/ ( &0$-* " % 1 ) -0+/2 &% !3 !" #$%&#%' ( ) ( *#+%, - ' %. / . &, 0-%1 2 &3 )B@@74G%;6%)A5I%&' "+$*2K%&'%")O*K,%$3/%#*,3$%P-/)$*2K) XC./7C0+,A/-C5/*0""+%'-./(5/'%40,45A/'%/-0+#'7"Y XC./-0+#'7"Y "+$*2K%0'%./$/#Q*K*K,%$3/%#2R/% % % %%%%$*+O 2S%$2-#*)Q% % % % % $M//80+#'7"/$7/$%/$,-5#%$-'45/$%A/,+*#$-'45/70+#*5/01 / ,'45,'C00A/$%A/'%*0"5 (M//80+#'7"/$7/$/-00,/-0/i+7-'1./-C5/*0%75#4$-'0%/5110#-7 *M//80+#'7"/$7/$/g-#$'%'%:/:#0+%Ah/10#/1+-+#5/J$#-'*'J$-'0% / '%/0-C5#/5*0%0"'*/75*-0#7 "+$*2K%L'%+"##1*K,%2-$%"%)*$-"$*2K"R%"K"R1)*) IJ((]@"-($&10(-@1(F&**+#,-.(1ZH1F-(-&(E",#(C3&*()/2^(((//////// $M//W%*#5$75/'%*0"5 (M//3"J,0."5%-/0JJ0#-+%'-. *M//6J:#$A5/-C5/k+$,'-./01/,'15/7-.,5 AM//Q0"J,5"5%-/-C5/*+##5%-/JC.7'*$,/A545,0J"5%- KJ((=1-13*,#1()&**+#,-.(g"B+10d(:--,-+$10d(:0H,3"-,&# ( "#$()&#F13#0 $M//N#'A5/'%/*0""+%'-./ (M//Q0%75#45/,0*$,/*+,-+#5 *M//@5%75/01/0R%5#7C'J MJ((8$1#-,C.(-@1(P"%&+3(`&3F1(711$0(`&3(2&+3,0* $M//O545,/01/5A+*$-'0% (M//N#54'0+7/0**+J$-'0% *M//Q+##5%-//0**+J$-'0% AM//@J5*'$,/79',,7 2-$!-$'%$3/%+2QQ-K*$1N)%R/T/R%2S%% % %%%%$*+O #/".*K/))%S2#%$2-#*)Q%% / ////////////////////////////////////////// $M//570+#*57/a*+,-+#5]C5#'-$:5]%$-+#5]*0$7-$,b (M//Q0""+%'-./$--'-+A5 *M//@J5*'$,/79',,7 AM//!4$',$(,5/*$J'-$, 5M//W%A':5%0+7/ 19
  • 32. ' " ( ) * + + , - + ( - .+! ! /(&0 $-*"%1)-0+/2&%! 3 !" # $ %&# % ' ( ) ( * #+%,-'%./.&,0-%12& 3 /01%2013%13431356378%9:3;73%<=7=>%>?3%40::0@=5A%@3B7=>37CD ZQ^3U!G22UG?L3KD<KLDDTo^D@'-+$-'0%oT?!%$,.7'7MJA1 U U U 20
  • 33. Handbook on Community Based Tourism
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  • 44. ' " ( ) * + + , - + ( - .+! ! /(&0 $-*"%1)-0+/2&%! 3 !" # $ %&# % ' ( ) ( * #+%,-'%./.&,0-%12& 3 / D0*+"5%-7]3@8oT?T??GoT?;$#95-'%:oT?X@oT?5J0#-MJA1 JA1 )B@@74G%;6%)A5I%0' "+$*2K%&'%+2K.-+$%!#/R*Q*K"#1%D2#O)32!)%%%%%%%$*+O ]4>A;!4D(I([(8$1#-,C.,#E(H&-1#-,"B(-&+3,0*("F-,Y,-,10 -&(%1($1Y1B&H1$("#$(H3&*&-1$ $M/ D'7*+77/$%A/'A5%-'1./-C5/$4$',$(,5/#570+#*57/$%A / $*-'4'-'57/ (M/ 34$,+$-5/-C5/5c'7-'%:/#570+#*57/$%A/#$%9/-C5"/ *M/ @5,5*-/-C5/-0J/G/j/=?/$--#$*-'0%7]$*-'4'-'57/-0/A545,0J/ ]4>A;!4D(K([(=1Y1B&H,#E(B,#'"E10(Q,-@(0+33&+#$,#E( -&+3,0*("--3"F-,&#0 $M/ WA5%-'1./-C5/7+##0+%A'%:/#570+#*57/ (M/ Q$##./0+-/$%/'%45%-0#./01/7+##0+%A'%:/#570+#*57 /////a,0*$-'0%]A'7-$%*5]+%'k+5%577]JC.7'*$,/$%A/5-*Mb/ *M/ D545,0J/*0##'A0#7/$%A/J$*9$:57/ ]4>A;!4D(M([(43E"#,0,#E(Q&3'0@&H(&#(,#Y&BY1*1#- &C($,CC131#-(01F-&30(&C(F&**+#,-. $M/ WA5%-'1./-C5/-.J57/01/*0%-#'(+-'0%/a5M:M/75#4'*57] / 5%-#5J#5%5+#7C'J/$%A/5-*Mb/ ]4>A;!4D(N([(8$1#-,C.(-3",#,#E(#11$0/ $M/ WA5%-'1./-C5/:$J7/'%/-5#"/01/-C5/9%0R,5A:5/$%A/79',,7/ (M/ D5-5#"'%5/-C5/-#$'%'%:/%55A7/10#/5$*C/75*-'0%/01 / *0""+%'-./a5M:M/R0"5%]/.0+-C]:+'A57/$%A/5-*Mb// 32
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  • 47. Handbook on Community Based Tourism