SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
Download to read offline
AP	
  European	
  History	
  Cram	
  Deck	
  
15th	
  Century	
  –	
  The	
  Renaissance,	
  Age	
  of	
  Explora<on,	
  &	
  
Emergence	
  of	
  Modern	
  Europe	
  	
  	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

The	
  Italian	
  Renaissance	
  
•  Roughly	
  1450-­‐1550,	
  star8ng	
  in	
  Italy	
  &	
  spreading	
  north;	
  ended	
  by	
  the	
  Italian	
  Wars	
  
•  Core	
  ideologies:	
  	
  
• Humanism	
  –	
  Renewed	
  interest	
  in	
  human	
  achievements;	
  recovering	
  texts	
  from	
  an8quity	
  
studied	
  for	
  natural	
  law	
  &	
  human	
  nature;	
  Petrarch,	
  Machiavelli,	
  Cas8glione,	
  Boccaccio	
  
• Secularism	
  -­‐	
  Secularism	
  is	
  a	
  general	
  term	
  for	
  the	
  shiK	
  away	
  from	
  religion	
  and	
  dogma	
  to	
  
earthly	
  ma"ers.	
  In	
  the	
  Renaissance,	
  secularism	
  manifested	
  itself	
  in	
  humanism.	
  
•  Focus	
  on	
  the	
  corporeal	
  world	
  over	
  the	
  aKerlife;	
  objec8ve	
  descrip8ons	
  of	
  the	
  world	
  
•  Law,	
  government,	
  &	
  economics:	
  The	
  Renaissance	
  had	
  limited	
  impact;	
  However,	
  there	
  
were	
  advancements	
  such	
  as	
  in	
  banking	
  and	
  capitalism	
  
•  Occurred	
  during	
  the	
  peak	
  of	
  the	
  influence	
  of	
  the	
  Catholic	
  Church	
  (many	
  religious	
  artworks)	
  
while	
  also	
  seUng	
  the	
  founda8on	
  for	
  the	
  Scien8fic	
  Revolu8on	
  in	
  the	
  next	
  two	
  centuries	
  
•  It	
  was	
  broadly	
  a	
  revival	
  of	
  a	
  focus	
  on	
  the	
  arts	
  and	
  culture	
  that	
  had	
  been	
  lost	
  for	
  hundreds	
  
of	
  years.	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

The	
  Northern	
  Renaissance	
  
•  Late	
  15th	
  &	
  early	
  16th	
  centuries	
  as	
  the	
  Italian	
  Renaissance	
  spread	
  north	
  
•  While	
  Italians	
  based	
  their	
  inspira8on	
  on	
  pagan	
  texts	
  from	
  Greece	
  and	
  Rome,	
  the	
  North	
  
used	
  Greek	
  and	
  Hebrew	
  texts	
  from	
  the	
  Bible	
  
•  Northern	
  Renaissance	
  was	
  defined	
  by	
  ChrisKan	
  Humanism	
  
•  Greater	
  focus	
  on	
  prac8cal	
  learning,	
  science,	
  educa8on,	
  and	
  technology.	
  This	
  can	
  be	
  seen	
  in	
  
the	
  inven8on	
  of	
  the	
  Gutenberg	
  prin8ng	
  press	
  in	
  Germany.	
  
•  By	
  comparison,	
  the	
  importance	
  of	
  the	
  Church	
  in	
  Italy	
  and	
  Spain	
  resulted	
  in	
  the	
  
Southern	
  Renaissance	
  focusing	
  more	
  on	
  art,	
  architecture,	
  and	
  religion	
  
•  Tended	
  to	
  portray	
  the	
  suffering	
  and	
  humankind	
  and	
  nonreligious	
  subject	
  ma"er	
  (ie,	
  
Pieter	
  Bruegels	
  the	
  Elder	
  &	
  his	
  pain8ngs	
  of	
  everyday	
  peasant	
  life)	
  
•  Distance	
  from	
  the	
  Catholic	
  Church	
  also	
  laid	
  founda8on	
  for	
  the	
  Reforma8on	
  as	
  Chris8an	
  
Humanists	
  like	
  Erasmus	
  wanted	
  to	
  reform	
  the	
  Church	
  
•  Wanted	
  to	
  reform	
  society	
  based	
  on	
  Chris8an	
  ideals;	
  Educa8on	
  for	
  the	
  masses	
  was	
  viewed	
  
as	
  the	
  best	
  method	
  of	
  reform	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

Renaissance	
  by	
  Geography	
  
•  Italian	
  City-­‐States.	
  Very	
  wealthy	
  rela8ve	
  due	
  to	
  their	
  loca8on	
  on	
  the	
  Mediterranean	
  and	
  
access	
  to	
  trade.	
  This	
  wealth	
  allowed	
  for	
  prolific	
  patronage	
  of	
  the	
  arts.	
  
•  Spain.	
  Began	
  later	
  than	
  in	
  Italy	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  Reconquista	
  which	
  ended	
  1492	
  when	
  Spain	
  
united.	
  Less	
  ideological	
  change	
  b/c	
  Spain	
  was	
  rela8vely	
  xenophobic	
  &	
  rigid.	
  Velazquez,	
  El	
  
Greco,	
  Cervantes.	
  
•  England.	
  Trailed	
  the	
  Northern	
  &	
  Italian	
  Renaissance,	
  peaking	
  during	
  the	
  reign	
  of	
  Elizabeth	
  
I	
  (1558-­‐1603)	
  who	
  brought	
  stability	
  aKer	
  years	
  of	
  conflicts.	
  More	
  secular	
  in	
  nature	
  due	
  to	
  
distance	
  from	
  Church.	
  Sir	
  Thomas	
  More,	
  Francis	
  Bacon,	
  John	
  Milton,	
  Edmund	
  Spencer.	
  
•  France.	
  Began	
  w/	
  the	
  invasion	
  of	
  Italy	
  (1494),	
  bringing	
  first	
  contact	
  w/	
  the	
  Renaissance.	
  
Peaked	
  under	
  Henry	
  II	
  &	
  Francis	
  I.	
  Undermined	
  by	
  the	
  French	
  Wars	
  of	
  Religion.	
  
•  Germany.	
  Most	
  notable	
  for	
  the	
  prin8ng	
  press,	
  which	
  revolu8onized	
  the	
  rate	
  at	
  which	
  
ideas	
  could	
  spread.	
  Mar8n	
  Luther	
  pos8ng	
  the	
  95	
  Theses	
  in	
  1517	
  began	
  the	
  ReformaKon.	
  
•  Netherlands.	
  Paralleled	
  the	
  Italian	
  City-­‐States	
  in	
  its	
  strength	
  in	
  banking	
  and	
  commerce.	
  
Thus	
  able	
  to	
  patronize	
  the	
  arts:	
  Van	
  Eyck,	
  Rembrandt,	
  Pieter	
  Bruegel.	
  Erasmus	
  considered	
  
to	
  be	
  the	
  most	
  influen8al	
  ChrisKan	
  Humanist.	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

The	
  Age	
  of	
  ExploraKon	
  
•  Roughly	
  from	
  the	
  beginning	
  of	
  the	
  15th	
  century	
  un8l	
  the	
  17th	
  century	
  
•  Primary	
  mo8va8on	
  was	
  the	
  search	
  of	
  new	
  trading	
  routes,	
  goods,	
  &	
  partners.	
  Secondary	
  
mo8ves	
  included	
  religious	
  expansion,	
  pride,	
  and	
  sa8sfying	
  personal	
  curiosity.	
  
•  Especially	
  interested	
  in	
  finding	
  new	
  sea	
  routes	
  to	
  the	
  East	
  for	
  the	
  silk	
  and	
  spice	
  trades.	
  
• Partly	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  fall	
  of	
  ConstanKnople	
  in	
  1453	
  to	
  the	
  O"oman	
  Empire	
  which	
  cut	
  off	
  
direct	
  trade	
  with	
  Asia	
  
•  PoliKcal	
  centralizaKon	
  was	
  an	
  important	
  precursor	
  to	
  this	
  outward	
  push.	
  It	
  allowed	
  states	
  
to	
  be"er	
  raise	
  revenues	
  and	
  bear	
  the	
  risks	
  and	
  costs	
  of	
  such	
  ventures.	
  
•  Columbian	
  Exchange:	
  Europeans	
  established	
  Atlan8c	
  trade	
  routes	
  with	
  the	
  “New	
  World”	
  
that	
  resulted	
  in	
  the	
  introduc8on	
  of	
  new	
  goods,	
  customs,	
  &	
  foods	
  to	
  all	
  par8es	
  involved.	
  
•  Europe	
  >	
  New	
  World:	
  Disease,	
  sugar,	
  wheat,	
  wine,	
  ca"le,	
  horses,	
  pigs,	
  &	
  sheep	
  
•  New	
  World	
  >	
  Europe:	
  Maize,	
  potatoes,	
  tomatoes,	
  beans,	
  squash,	
  and	
  pumpkins	
  
•  Explora8on	
  slowed	
  down	
  in	
  the	
  17th	
  century,	
  due	
  par8ally	
  to	
  the	
  religious	
  turmoil	
  on	
  the	
  
con8nent	
  epitomized	
  by	
  the	
  breakout	
  of	
  the	
  Thirty	
  Years	
  War	
  (1618-­‐1648).	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

PoliKcs	
  &	
  Government	
  
•  In	
  the	
  Medieval	
  era,	
  the	
  basics	
  of	
  the	
  modern	
  state	
  essen8al	
  for	
  the	
  Renaissance	
  emerged:	
  
RepresentaKve	
  assemblies,	
  court	
  systems,	
  police,	
  &	
  a	
  professional	
  bureaucracy.	
  
•  During	
  the	
  15th	
  century,	
  rulers	
  began	
  to	
  consolidate	
  their	
  power	
  and	
  bring	
  domes8c	
  order	
  
by	
  imposing	
  structured	
  punishments	
  on	
  crime	
  and	
  geUng	
  nobles	
  in	
  line	
  
•  The	
  New	
  Monarchs	
  of	
  this	
  era	
  preceded	
  Machiavelli’s	
  The	
  Prince,	
  but	
  their	
  ac8ons	
  
followed	
  the	
  same	
  ideals	
  as	
  they	
  oKen	
  subordinated	
  morality	
  to	
  enhance	
  their	
  power	
  
•  These	
  rulers	
  included	
  Louis	
  XI	
  (France),	
  Henry	
  VII	
  (England),	
  and	
  Ferdinand	
  and	
  
Isabella	
  (Spain)	
  
•  Strong	
  na8onal	
  iden8ty	
  and	
  agenda	
  
•  Stressed	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  their	
  kingship	
  was	
  the	
  common	
  unifying	
  force	
  in	
  their	
  realms	
  
•  Suppressed	
  internal	
  dissent	
  and	
  command	
  the	
  respect	
  of	
  their	
  subjects	
  
•  Centralized	
  tax	
  collec8on	
  to	
  fund	
  standing	
  armies	
  and	
  endeavors	
  such	
  as	
  those	
  of	
  
the	
  Age	
  of	
  ExploraDon	
  
•  ExcepDon	
  to	
  this	
  was	
  the	
  Holy	
  Roman	
  Empire,	
  which	
  was	
  highly	
  decentralized	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

Economics,	
  Demographics,	
  &	
  Trade	
  
•  Prelude.	
  Economic	
  growth	
  in	
  the	
  previous	
  centuries	
  laid	
  the	
  founda8ons	
  for	
  the	
  
Renaissance.	
  Commercial	
  8es	
  with	
  the	
  East	
  increased,	
  financial	
  ins8tu8ons	
  advanced,	
  and	
  
popula8on	
  increased.	
  
•  Wealth.	
  The	
  wealth	
  created	
  from	
  overseas	
  trade	
  &	
  cultural	
  exchange	
  with	
  Asian	
  &	
  Africa	
  
in	
  southern	
  Italy	
  allowed	
  for	
  the	
  patronage	
  of	
  ar8sts	
  by	
  successful	
  families,	
  most	
  notably	
  
the	
  Medici	
  
•  Commerce.	
  Emergence	
  of	
  modern	
  banking	
  &	
  capitalist	
  techniques	
  pioneered	
  in	
  Italian	
  
city-­‐states,	
  explaining	
  their	
  wealth	
  and	
  power:	
  joint-­‐stock	
  &	
  insurance	
  companies,	
  deposit	
  
banks,	
  credits,	
  modern	
  accoun8ng	
  techniques	
  
•  UrbanizaKon.	
  Resulted	
  from	
  the	
  commercial	
  success	
  of	
  Italian	
  city-­‐states.	
  Up	
  un8l	
  about	
  
the	
  18th	
  century,	
  Italy	
  would	
  be	
  the	
  most	
  urbanized	
  area	
  in	
  Europe.	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

Society,	
  Religion,	
  &	
  Culture	
  
•  Class	
  &	
  Culture.	
  The	
  Renaissance	
  was	
  made	
  by	
  &	
  for	
  the	
  mercan8le	
  elite,	
  a	
  group	
  that	
  had	
  
dis8nct	
  aristocra8c	
  pretensions	
  &	
  was	
  hardly	
  democra8c.	
  It	
  did	
  not	
  directly	
  affect	
  most	
  of	
  
society,	
  including	
  the	
  middle	
  class	
  
•  Women.	
  The	
  women	
  most	
  affected	
  by	
  the	
  Renaissance	
  were	
  upper	
  class	
  and	
  merchant	
  
women,	
  whose	
  status	
  was	
  significantly	
  lowered.	
  
•  Not	
  allowed	
  in	
  universi8es,	
  guilds,	
  to	
  inherit	
  businesses,	
  &	
  were	
  not	
  regarded	
  seriously	
  
•  Protected	
  more	
  by	
  the	
  law	
  in	
  the	
  Middle	
  Ages	
  and	
  had	
  more	
  involvement	
  in	
  business	
  
•  Sexuality.	
  Whereas	
  sexual	
  equality	
  defined	
  the	
  medieval	
  era,	
  Renaissance	
  humanists	
  
established	
  a	
  double	
  standard	
  of	
  love	
  and	
  marriage.	
  
•  Slavery	
  &	
  Race.	
  Renaissance	
  understandings	
  of	
  race	
  were	
  very	
  primi8ve;	
  they	
  lacked	
  a	
  
clear	
  understanding	
  of	
  Africa	
  and	
  had	
  a	
  generally	
  ambivalent	
  view	
  toward	
  Africans.	
  Most	
  of	
  
their	
  concep8on	
  of	
  race	
  came	
  from	
  theological	
  tenets	
  of	
  light	
  and	
  darkness.	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  
AP	
  European	
  History	
  -­‐>	
  15th	
  Century	
  

Fine	
  Art	
  &	
  Literature	
  
•  Michelangelo	
  –	
  Painted	
  the	
  Sis8ne	
  Chapel;	
  Interested	
  in	
  perfec8ng	
  a	
  representa8on	
  of	
  
human	
  anatomy	
  as	
  seen	
  in	
  the	
  sculpture	
  of	
  David,	
  the	
  Pieta,	
  &	
  the	
  SisDne	
  Chapel.	
  
•  Da	
  Vinci	
  –	
  Perhaps	
  the	
  ul8mate	
  Renaissance	
  Man	
  for	
  his	
  genius	
  in	
  pain8ng,	
  sculp8ng,	
  
architecture,	
  science,	
  engineer,	
  and	
  writer	
  
•  Raphael	
  –	
  His	
  School	
  of	
  Athens	
  is	
  an	
  early	
  example	
  of	
  perspec8ve	
  from	
  the	
  period	
  
•  Massaccio	
  –	
  One	
  of	
  the	
  1st	
  to	
  use	
  perspec8ve	
  to	
  depict	
  depth	
  on	
  a	
  2D	
  surface	
  
•  PainKng	
  –	
  Influenced	
  by	
  either	
  religious	
  themes	
  or	
  for	
  private	
  aggrandizement;	
  defined	
  by	
  
balance	
  and	
  propor8on	
  and	
  perspec8ve	
  which	
  were	
  elements	
  missing	
  from	
  previous	
  eras	
  
•  Architecture	
  –	
  Adopted	
  Greco-­‐Roman	
  symmetry	
  in	
  classical	
  columns,	
  arches,	
  and	
  domes;	
  
Brunelleschi	
  –	
  Florence	
  Cathedral	
  dome;	
  Leon	
  BaUsta	
  Alber8	
  –	
  Trea8se	
  on	
  Architecture	
  
•  Used	
  linear	
  perspec8ve	
  &	
  anatomically	
  accurate	
  methods	
  of	
  depic8ng	
  people	
  to	
  more	
  
realis8cally	
  depict	
  the	
  world	
  
•  The	
  status	
  of	
  ar8sts	
  was	
  elevated	
  from	
  previous	
  8mes,	
  partly	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  ar8sts	
  
only	
  did	
  work	
  when	
  commissioned	
  by	
  wealthy	
  patrons.	
  

h"p://www.learnerator.com	
  

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 

Recently uploaded (20)

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 

Featured

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationErica Santiago
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageSimplilearn
 
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...Palo Alto Software
 
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free VacationWeekdone.com
 

Featured (20)

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming Language
 
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
The Pixar Way: 37 Quotes on Developing and Maintaining a Creative Company (fr...
 
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
9 Tips for a Work-free Vacation
 

AP European History - 15th Century - Renaissance, Age of Exploration, Emergence of Modern Europe

  • 1. AP  European  History  Cram  Deck   15th  Century  –  The  Renaissance,  Age  of  Explora<on,  &   Emergence  of  Modern  Europe      
  • 2. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   The  Italian  Renaissance   •  Roughly  1450-­‐1550,  star8ng  in  Italy  &  spreading  north;  ended  by  the  Italian  Wars   •  Core  ideologies:     • Humanism  –  Renewed  interest  in  human  achievements;  recovering  texts  from  an8quity   studied  for  natural  law  &  human  nature;  Petrarch,  Machiavelli,  Cas8glione,  Boccaccio   • Secularism  -­‐  Secularism  is  a  general  term  for  the  shiK  away  from  religion  and  dogma  to   earthly  ma"ers.  In  the  Renaissance,  secularism  manifested  itself  in  humanism.   •  Focus  on  the  corporeal  world  over  the  aKerlife;  objec8ve  descrip8ons  of  the  world   •  Law,  government,  &  economics:  The  Renaissance  had  limited  impact;  However,  there   were  advancements  such  as  in  banking  and  capitalism   •  Occurred  during  the  peak  of  the  influence  of  the  Catholic  Church  (many  religious  artworks)   while  also  seUng  the  founda8on  for  the  Scien8fic  Revolu8on  in  the  next  two  centuries   •  It  was  broadly  a  revival  of  a  focus  on  the  arts  and  culture  that  had  been  lost  for  hundreds   of  years.   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 3. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   The  Northern  Renaissance   •  Late  15th  &  early  16th  centuries  as  the  Italian  Renaissance  spread  north   •  While  Italians  based  their  inspira8on  on  pagan  texts  from  Greece  and  Rome,  the  North   used  Greek  and  Hebrew  texts  from  the  Bible   •  Northern  Renaissance  was  defined  by  ChrisKan  Humanism   •  Greater  focus  on  prac8cal  learning,  science,  educa8on,  and  technology.  This  can  be  seen  in   the  inven8on  of  the  Gutenberg  prin8ng  press  in  Germany.   •  By  comparison,  the  importance  of  the  Church  in  Italy  and  Spain  resulted  in  the   Southern  Renaissance  focusing  more  on  art,  architecture,  and  religion   •  Tended  to  portray  the  suffering  and  humankind  and  nonreligious  subject  ma"er  (ie,   Pieter  Bruegels  the  Elder  &  his  pain8ngs  of  everyday  peasant  life)   •  Distance  from  the  Catholic  Church  also  laid  founda8on  for  the  Reforma8on  as  Chris8an   Humanists  like  Erasmus  wanted  to  reform  the  Church   •  Wanted  to  reform  society  based  on  Chris8an  ideals;  Educa8on  for  the  masses  was  viewed   as  the  best  method  of  reform   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 4. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   Renaissance  by  Geography   •  Italian  City-­‐States.  Very  wealthy  rela8ve  due  to  their  loca8on  on  the  Mediterranean  and   access  to  trade.  This  wealth  allowed  for  prolific  patronage  of  the  arts.   •  Spain.  Began  later  than  in  Italy  due  to  the  Reconquista  which  ended  1492  when  Spain   united.  Less  ideological  change  b/c  Spain  was  rela8vely  xenophobic  &  rigid.  Velazquez,  El   Greco,  Cervantes.   •  England.  Trailed  the  Northern  &  Italian  Renaissance,  peaking  during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth   I  (1558-­‐1603)  who  brought  stability  aKer  years  of  conflicts.  More  secular  in  nature  due  to   distance  from  Church.  Sir  Thomas  More,  Francis  Bacon,  John  Milton,  Edmund  Spencer.   •  France.  Began  w/  the  invasion  of  Italy  (1494),  bringing  first  contact  w/  the  Renaissance.   Peaked  under  Henry  II  &  Francis  I.  Undermined  by  the  French  Wars  of  Religion.   •  Germany.  Most  notable  for  the  prin8ng  press,  which  revolu8onized  the  rate  at  which   ideas  could  spread.  Mar8n  Luther  pos8ng  the  95  Theses  in  1517  began  the  ReformaKon.   •  Netherlands.  Paralleled  the  Italian  City-­‐States  in  its  strength  in  banking  and  commerce.   Thus  able  to  patronize  the  arts:  Van  Eyck,  Rembrandt,  Pieter  Bruegel.  Erasmus  considered   to  be  the  most  influen8al  ChrisKan  Humanist.   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 5. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   The  Age  of  ExploraKon   •  Roughly  from  the  beginning  of  the  15th  century  un8l  the  17th  century   •  Primary  mo8va8on  was  the  search  of  new  trading  routes,  goods,  &  partners.  Secondary   mo8ves  included  religious  expansion,  pride,  and  sa8sfying  personal  curiosity.   •  Especially  interested  in  finding  new  sea  routes  to  the  East  for  the  silk  and  spice  trades.   • Partly  due  to  the  fall  of  ConstanKnople  in  1453  to  the  O"oman  Empire  which  cut  off   direct  trade  with  Asia   •  PoliKcal  centralizaKon  was  an  important  precursor  to  this  outward  push.  It  allowed  states   to  be"er  raise  revenues  and  bear  the  risks  and  costs  of  such  ventures.   •  Columbian  Exchange:  Europeans  established  Atlan8c  trade  routes  with  the  “New  World”   that  resulted  in  the  introduc8on  of  new  goods,  customs,  &  foods  to  all  par8es  involved.   •  Europe  >  New  World:  Disease,  sugar,  wheat,  wine,  ca"le,  horses,  pigs,  &  sheep   •  New  World  >  Europe:  Maize,  potatoes,  tomatoes,  beans,  squash,  and  pumpkins   •  Explora8on  slowed  down  in  the  17th  century,  due  par8ally  to  the  religious  turmoil  on  the   con8nent  epitomized  by  the  breakout  of  the  Thirty  Years  War  (1618-­‐1648).   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 6. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   PoliKcs  &  Government   •  In  the  Medieval  era,  the  basics  of  the  modern  state  essen8al  for  the  Renaissance  emerged:   RepresentaKve  assemblies,  court  systems,  police,  &  a  professional  bureaucracy.   •  During  the  15th  century,  rulers  began  to  consolidate  their  power  and  bring  domes8c  order   by  imposing  structured  punishments  on  crime  and  geUng  nobles  in  line   •  The  New  Monarchs  of  this  era  preceded  Machiavelli’s  The  Prince,  but  their  ac8ons   followed  the  same  ideals  as  they  oKen  subordinated  morality  to  enhance  their  power   •  These  rulers  included  Louis  XI  (France),  Henry  VII  (England),  and  Ferdinand  and   Isabella  (Spain)   •  Strong  na8onal  iden8ty  and  agenda   •  Stressed  the  fact  that  their  kingship  was  the  common  unifying  force  in  their  realms   •  Suppressed  internal  dissent  and  command  the  respect  of  their  subjects   •  Centralized  tax  collec8on  to  fund  standing  armies  and  endeavors  such  as  those  of   the  Age  of  ExploraDon   •  ExcepDon  to  this  was  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  which  was  highly  decentralized   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 7. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   Economics,  Demographics,  &  Trade   •  Prelude.  Economic  growth  in  the  previous  centuries  laid  the  founda8ons  for  the   Renaissance.  Commercial  8es  with  the  East  increased,  financial  ins8tu8ons  advanced,  and   popula8on  increased.   •  Wealth.  The  wealth  created  from  overseas  trade  &  cultural  exchange  with  Asian  &  Africa   in  southern  Italy  allowed  for  the  patronage  of  ar8sts  by  successful  families,  most  notably   the  Medici   •  Commerce.  Emergence  of  modern  banking  &  capitalist  techniques  pioneered  in  Italian   city-­‐states,  explaining  their  wealth  and  power:  joint-­‐stock  &  insurance  companies,  deposit   banks,  credits,  modern  accoun8ng  techniques   •  UrbanizaKon.  Resulted  from  the  commercial  success  of  Italian  city-­‐states.  Up  un8l  about   the  18th  century,  Italy  would  be  the  most  urbanized  area  in  Europe.   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 8. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   Society,  Religion,  &  Culture   •  Class  &  Culture.  The  Renaissance  was  made  by  &  for  the  mercan8le  elite,  a  group  that  had   dis8nct  aristocra8c  pretensions  &  was  hardly  democra8c.  It  did  not  directly  affect  most  of   society,  including  the  middle  class   •  Women.  The  women  most  affected  by  the  Renaissance  were  upper  class  and  merchant   women,  whose  status  was  significantly  lowered.   •  Not  allowed  in  universi8es,  guilds,  to  inherit  businesses,  &  were  not  regarded  seriously   •  Protected  more  by  the  law  in  the  Middle  Ages  and  had  more  involvement  in  business   •  Sexuality.  Whereas  sexual  equality  defined  the  medieval  era,  Renaissance  humanists   established  a  double  standard  of  love  and  marriage.   •  Slavery  &  Race.  Renaissance  understandings  of  race  were  very  primi8ve;  they  lacked  a   clear  understanding  of  Africa  and  had  a  generally  ambivalent  view  toward  Africans.  Most  of   their  concep8on  of  race  came  from  theological  tenets  of  light  and  darkness.   h"p://www.learnerator.com  
  • 9. AP  European  History  -­‐>  15th  Century   Fine  Art  &  Literature   •  Michelangelo  –  Painted  the  Sis8ne  Chapel;  Interested  in  perfec8ng  a  representa8on  of   human  anatomy  as  seen  in  the  sculpture  of  David,  the  Pieta,  &  the  SisDne  Chapel.   •  Da  Vinci  –  Perhaps  the  ul8mate  Renaissance  Man  for  his  genius  in  pain8ng,  sculp8ng,   architecture,  science,  engineer,  and  writer   •  Raphael  –  His  School  of  Athens  is  an  early  example  of  perspec8ve  from  the  period   •  Massaccio  –  One  of  the  1st  to  use  perspec8ve  to  depict  depth  on  a  2D  surface   •  PainKng  –  Influenced  by  either  religious  themes  or  for  private  aggrandizement;  defined  by   balance  and  propor8on  and  perspec8ve  which  were  elements  missing  from  previous  eras   •  Architecture  –  Adopted  Greco-­‐Roman  symmetry  in  classical  columns,  arches,  and  domes;   Brunelleschi  –  Florence  Cathedral  dome;  Leon  BaUsta  Alber8  –  Trea8se  on  Architecture   •  Used  linear  perspec8ve  &  anatomically  accurate  methods  of  depic8ng  people  to  more   realis8cally  depict  the  world   •  The  status  of  ar8sts  was  elevated  from  previous  8mes,  partly  due  to  the  fact  that  ar8sts   only  did  work  when  commissioned  by  wealthy  patrons.   h"p://www.learnerator.com