2. Chromosome Mutations
Even small changes in
chromosomes can cause major
phenotypic changes
Mutations are spontaneous and can
happen at any time
Genes can change in 4 ways
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
3. Types of Mutations
Deletion:gene or genes are removed
from the chromosome
Duplication:gene or genes are
doubled on the same chromosome
4. Types of Mutations
Inversion:gene or genes switch
positions, usually between arms of
the chromosomes
Translocation:gene or genes switch
positions between chromosomes
5. Discovering Mutations
Chromosomes can be
examined for any
mutations
Chromosomes are
prepared and viewed
under a microscope
Stained chromosomes
are arranged in pairs in
order
6. Karyotypes
A karyotype is a
prepared display of
chromosomes
Geneticists look at:
the number of
chromosomes
the size and shape of
the chromosomes
the position of the
centromere
the banding pattern of
the genes
