Organized Crime Essay

What Is Organized Crime
Hallie Brown
English 3
Ms. Baker
March 31, 2017
Organized Crime Organized Crime is criminal activities that are planned and controlled by powerful
groups and carried out on a large scale. Organized Crime groups have increased in dimension and
activities in the past decade and have become global threats causing a serious obstacle in the
international community. In the United States, such groups have continued to widen despite
measures to curb them and they have established networks in the biggest cities. "Criminal groups
have well developed international networks that help them to better exercise their activities in both
legal and illegal markets by using extremely complicated strategies and varied modi operandi"
(Jenkins & Gary 1987). Due...show more content...
"Drug wars: legalization gets a hearing." Science, vol. 241, no. 4870, 1988, p. 1157+. General
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Accessed 7 Apr. 2017.
Patrick, Diane. "American gangster." Publishers Weekly, 15 Aug. 2016, p. 40+. General OneFile,
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"Prohibition." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol.
2, Gale, 2015, pp. 1063–1066. Student Resources in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps
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Roche, Rick. "Organized Crime in Chicago: Beyond the Mafia." Booklist, 1 Nov. 2012, p. 6.General
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Rosen, David. "Another prohibition: uncovering the real 1920s." The Brooklyn Rail, Apr. 2012, p.
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Accessed 7 Apr.

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The Influence Of Organized Crime
In conclusion, organized crime and street gangs are unfavourable to society, although organize
crime is more detrimental to society and the economy. Organized crime is one of the main reasons
why taxes keep rising. The cost for law enforcement and the judicial system is an expensive cost for
the government, they have no choice to raise taxes for the law–abiding citizens. As street gangs, are
more violent and more aggressive, this group only affects certain citizens, but not the entirety of
society. Street gangs have minor involvement towards the economy, as organizedcrime influences
the economy in a tremendous manner. As criminals become more intelligent their strategies and
tactics continue to be successful. With the popularity of technology,

Organize Crime Committed by a Group
Organized crimes can be defined and labeled as many forms of criminality, but in an overall
perspective; organized crime is the action if illegal activities that is committed by a criminal
organization or group, typically working together to accomplish a certain or general goal. Organized
crime can also be associated with Racketeering, which means the association or involvement in any
illegal actions that is criminal. Racketeering can be displayed as having an illegal business, threat
involving murder, extortion, kidnapping, bribery, counterfeiting, mail or wire fraud, white slave
traffic, drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal gambling information, embezzlement from
pension and welfare funds, and or even obstruction of justice or criminal investigation. Over the
years nationally, the phenomenon of organized crime have gotten worse nationally. So in 2000 the
United Nations decided to broaden the definition to label the most serious committing crimes that are
transnational in nature; nationwide to cover more unfamiliar criminal groups such as mafia type of
organizations. A transnational or international crime would be a crime that is committed in more
than one state, committed in one state but part of its planning or control takes place in another state,
or a crime can be done in one state but involves a criminal group that takes part in illegal activities in
more than one state. Some examples of transnational offenses are insurance fraud, fraudulent

Essay about Organized Crime
Organized Crime
Organized crime has always been occupied with a negative label. Perhaps this is due to the
constantly changing environment in America as well as the social state of its homeland, Europe.
Our society is convinced that the so–called Mafia is a family of pure criminals, pimps, and
murderers. Whatever the opinion, there is no doubt that the Mafia played a big part in the history of
America and the way Americans view crime today. "The origins of the secret society known as the
Mafia are believed to be as old as the 9th century" (Mafia History). During the 9th century, the Mafia's
main purpose was to strengthen themselves against enemies, which invaded their homeland in Sicily.
It was supposed to create a strong feeling of...show more content...
You come in on your feet and you go in a coffin. Then the new members were asked if they were
capable of even killing their own blood family on command" (Mafia Life). Along with the
ceremony, the mobster was told of the rules he must abide by. The most important rule in
organized crime was the rule called the Omerta. " The Omerta is a code of silence. A vow never
to reveal any Mafia secrets or member under threat of torture or death" (Mafia History). Another
rule was the obedience rule. "The obedience rule stated that the member must at all times be loyal
to the boss or Don. A third law of the Mafia was the assistance to any befriended Mafia faction, no
questions asked. A few others included, Avenge any attack on members of the family, because an
attack on one was an attack on all, and the last rule was to avoid any and all contact with the
authorities" (Mafia History). There is still much we don?t know about the Mafia due to the fact
that the very first rule when inducted is the Omerta. Along with the many members involved with
the Mafia, there were just as many ethnic families that existed if not more. "Mafia families were
growing very large in 1800?s" (Mafia History). The reason for the large swelling of crime in
America was because of the vicious increase in foreign immigrants during that time in America.
"Three million Irish, four million Italians, and four million Jews immigrated to America. They
immigrated for a

Characteristics Of Organized Crime
In the early 20th century, millions of Italians came to the United States as poor immigrants. Many of
these immigrants found their new home in New York City, New York. Thus began the formation of
the renowned New York Mafia. Defining characteristics of the New York Mafia give insight into the
formation, intention, and conservation thereof. A couple of sociological theories can be used to
describe the propagation of one of America's most renowned organized crime syndicates.
With many organized crime syndicates, it can be difficult to discern one from another. The New York
Mafia has characteristics reflective of organized crime in general, as well as characteristics that
distinguish it from other syndicates. As far as characteristics...show more content...
Richard Scott describes this structure as "Natural System", where members share a common
interest in the survival of the system but are not necessarily guided by the organization's goals.
"The organized crime unit is more than an instrument for attaining defined goals; it is
fundamentally a social group attempting to adapt and survive in a dangerous environment"
(Abadinsky 2016:46). Each member of the Mafia, called a "Made Guy", is independent in that he
does not receive a salary from the group. Basically, each member is a franchise manager, who
engages in criminal activity with the support and protection of the Mafia.
When the Italians came to the United States in the late 1900's, the economy was molded by the
likes of the Rockefellers, the Astors, and the Vanderbilts. This economical formation created
limited opportunities for the middle and, especially, the lower classes. The socioeconomic
disadvantage established upon the Italian immigrants leads many to seek success via illegal
means. This criminal behavior was exacerbated by the "[reproduction of] the kind of illegal
groups they had belonged to in the old country" (Abadinsky 2016:43). The New York Mafia's
formation was likely twofold: illegal behavior was vital to any semblance of financial success for
the Italian immigrants, and the immigrants were replicating the same kind of criminal groups that
they were familiar with back in Italy. The former can be tied to the Strain Theory. There is

Definition Essay: What Is Organized Crime?
In this essay, it will first define what organised crime is, which will ultimately help shape the
understanding of the offence. The essay will then begin to focus on explaining the components of
the offence. In order to address this, it will look in detail on a variety of cases, this will provide an
ease of understanding for showing why organised crime is so difficult to control.
Firstly, it is important to know there is no accepted definition of organised crime, as there are
hundreds of academic definitions of organised crime to choose from. However, Woodiwiss (2001)
provides an insight of what defines organised crime, by stating 3 fundamental elements, it must be a
structured organisation which involves serious crimes for a material benefit....show more content...
It is becoming one of the biggest threats to global trade and piracy in Somalia and The Gulf of
Aden is a perfect example of this. The Rise of Piracy Worldwide Incidents (2015) reports over 246
attacks worldwide. This is down to the reward outweighing risk, as according to Pham (2010: 333)
"the amounts which pirates can earn for the successful capture of a merchant vessel have spiralled
upward.' Murphy (2007) lists a number of conditions conducive to piracy these can include the
promise of Reward and Conflict and disorder. As mentioned, much of the motivation for piracy
comes from over fishing and pollution in Somali waters. With the federal government having no
authority to enforce territorial sea rights, over–fishing has become infinite. Pirates have had so much
success mainly because of their ability to effectively upgrade their technology with the use of
automatic weapons. The attempt to combat piracy consists of patrols in the area sending naval
forces. However, the problem with maintaining piracy is that this becomes expensive and therefore
unable to look beyond the area of water to see any incoming pirates. By addressing these issues
there is hope in solving the crisis of high seas

Essay on Controlling Organized Crime
Controlling Organized Crime
CJA/393 Criminal Organizations
June 1, 2010
Controlling Organized Crime In this paper, I will identify the problems presented and the various
relationships established by organized crime. I will also describe the legal limitations associated with
combating organized crime, and include a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support
this effort. Lastly, I will suggest a solution to controlorganized crime by discussing and evaluating
the effectiveness of organized crime prosecutions. The organized crime legal definition is defined
as a widespread group of professional criminals, who rely on illegal activities as a way of life and
whose activities are coordinated and controlled...show more content...
This would be the time when the criminal characteristic comes into play, because the groups would
provide things the neighborhood people would have never seen or possessed. They provide jobs for
people, which in most cases would be considered as illegal. The neighborhoods look forward to the
goods they make available, and the protection that is provided. With these provisions, the groups will
maintain a high social status rate within the neighborhoods. Once the groups have managed to
implant themselves into the neighborhoods and surrounding communities, they then develop a
strong association with the local government. These groups think by getting in good with the city
officials and local law enforcement, that it becomes smooth sailing from then on. It was known to
happen that way, until certain groups got greedy, which triggered and led to the largest FBI
investigation in history. The investigation was caused by illegal drugs, alcohol, gambling, and
prostitution; which eventually caused the collapse of the empirical crime families. Empirical
theories in case of organized crime include political science, law enforcement and international
relations. Speculative theory includes the conspiracy approach o organized crime. In case of
empirical theories organized crime is attempted to be resolved through the efforts of politicians who
are responsible for the welfare of

Essay On Organized Crime
Organized crime has existed since the creation of the world, but has evolved over time. Before the
1920s, most organized crime consisted of gambling and prostitution. The passing of the 18th
Amendment significantly changed organized crime for many years. It gave rise to bootlegging,
gangsters, gang wars, and other various crimes. Bootlegging became the main source of income for
gangsters, helping them fund their other crimes. Overall, the passing of the 18th Amendment caused
organized crime to broaden and become a much larger industry. America had started to see much
more crime and violence early in the 1900s due to the large increase in immigration. Many
Americans had believed the source of these crimes and other downfalls of fellow Americans...show
more content...
Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York and quit school in sixth grade to join a gang. After
murdering two people in New York, he fled to Chicago, (–) where he joined a gang run by James
Colosimo. Johnny Torrio, a friend of Capone's who invited him to join the gang, had Colosimo
murdered and took his position of running the gang. Al Capone was then put in second command of
the gang. Once Torrio was shot by a rival gang, Capone became the leader of the gang. Capone
quickly became the most feared crime boss in Chicago, organizing machine gun attacks and
paying off politicians and police officers. One of Capone's most well known attacks was the St.
Valentine's Day Massacre. On February 14, 1929, Al Capone had organized a hit on a rival gang.
Two of his gang members dressed up as police officers and pretended to arrest seven members of
the other gang. While the seven gang members had their hands raised, facing a wall, the police
officer imposters open fired on them with machine guns. Although the whole nation knew Capone
was behind the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, he was never charged with the crime because there
was a lack of evidence against him. Later in his life, Capone was convicted of tax evasion. After
being in prison for eleven years, Capone was released and spent the rest of his life in Florida until he
died in

organized crime
Critique of Provisions for & Definitions of
"Organized Crime"
CARLO CAVALIERE
100817631
OCTOBER 1ST 2014 Defining organized crime has proven to be a general difficulty throughout
history. The belief of this paper is that definition is crucial, however, at the same time one should
identify that within the scope of organized crime, definition has been quite subjective and
controversial. The reason why it is important is because the exact way in which organized crime is
defined goes a significant distance in determining how legislation and laws are constructed, how
research studies are completed, how examinations and prosecutions are coordinated, and lastly, how
interactive and connected legal assistance...show more content...
The Criminal Code identifies that the disguised illegal proceeds are deemed money laundering, if,
the criminal acts were committed within Canada. Although other sections of the Criminal Code
address importation of illegal monies, if done successfully ones cannot be successfully charged
with money laundering, proving the existence of a possible loophole within the definition. This
section can always be challenged within section 7 principle of fundamental justice. This is
because a major part of discovering money laundering is focused around business that have their
privacy comfort interrupted. Section 462.32(1) of the Criminal Code entitled searc and seizure of
proceeds of crime deals with search warrants in regards to locations where authorities believe that
assets or monies of illegal activities are located. The major thing to note within this section is that
the law has supreme power over the citizens in which it governs, due to the fact that at any time,
with sufficient evidence, whatever that may be, authorities can suspend your rights as a citizen and
search your property. The only section, beyond sections that deal with privacy within the Charter
that can be invoked, is that of section 8, which is illegal search and seizure. Essentially this means
that there was a lack of evidence to attain a search warrant or the

Organized Crime Essay
In our world, it's obvious that there are things we never really see. For instance, we don't know
how lots of things are made, what people do behind closed doors, and never really want to find out.
However, there is something that happens right in front of our noses and we never know it.
Organized crime is the one thing that we don't know about that happens right out in the open. That
pizza joint you go to that's been around for years, and then burns down when it starts to go under; or
those people that look all innocent and then go and do something a little suspicious. Those are both
small things that happen that involve organized crime. Organized crime is all around us and has a
huge effect on how society runs and the way we live...show more content...
So, the orders must be followed, especially when they come from your superiors, regardless of
how far they are away. Not only are the organizations huge, but they have some serious connections.
Society today really has no clue just how many things they have their hands in. They profit when
businesses profit. They have the connections to find out just about anything about you that they
want to. If they were to interview you to join one of the gangs, it's clear that "they know much
more than they can talk about, for now." (Grisham 9). Their connections go a long way in their
operations. When they need money, they just "rob the airport, the security guy was one of us"
(Goodfellas). However, some of the mobsters have much better connections than others. The higher
up you are on the food chain, the more connections you have. However, when one tries and stretch
their connections, they "go off the books, and make them unknown to their superiors." (New York
Times). This is how they crash and burn, and sometimes get killed. No one likes to have their
power tested, or to lose the connections that certain men lost out of their own personal greed.
Oftentimes, gangs use their connections for surveillance, not only to scope out new jobs or deals,
but on their own men. They have special people to "up it to 24–hour

Organized crime is often described similarily by groups like government, the press and popular
opinion. This similar definition is described through the knowledge people have gained from
pop–culture movies, television shows, magazines, novels and stories from newspaper articles. Often
these newspaper articles are written by authors who have little more knowledge on the structure of
organized crime then what their favorite Sopranos episode dictates. It is extremely rare in today's
society that somone who has an opinion on organized crime (which is almost everyone) has gained
this opinion through first–hand experience (Finckenauer, p. 63). The problem with this narrow view
of organized crime is that it fails to encompass the real...show more content...
In the case of drug smuggling groups, their hierarchial structure is defined more as a structure of
connected nodes (Cromwell, p. 255), with no real chain of command or verticle levels of
authority. This has been noted to give the drug smuggling groups independence allowing them to
be extremely flexible networks that can "change tactics quickly" and are "insulated from those
earlier or later in the smuggling transaction chain." (Cromwell, p.255) If a group of police officers
attempted to stop this type of organized crime with tactics based on a model of verticle hierarchy,
they would undoubtably fail. This is but one example of organized crime being the opposite of it's
literal definition, organized.
The Definition of organized crime is not wrong due to the definition of crime being misused, as
crimes both mala in se (wrong in and of themselves) and mala prohibita (wrong because they are
prohibited) are well–defined, accepted and viewed by the greater population as being crimes.
(Finckenauer, p. 64). The wrongful understanding of organized crime therefore comes from the
commonly shared misunderstanding that organized crime is just that, organized. Our definition
which pertains to this misunderstanding is most generally based off the model of the Italian Mafia or
Medellin Cartels (Peikoff, Module 3, Unit 1)(Cromwell, p.251). A hierarchy that has been
glamourized and romantacized through movies like the Godfather

Argumentative Essay On Organized Crime
Have you realized your next door neighbor who has worked their whole life for almost no salary
is now living strangely comfortably? Or have you heard about sudden murders or robberies on the
news? That's probably because our 18th Amendment of Prohibition and the new concept of
organized crime has arised. As we find out about this tactless business, we realize the awful effects
it has been having on our society. What exactly is going on? Has it happened to you? Have you seen
unlawful activity?
As jobs are scarce and people realize what they would do to provide for themselves and their
families, criminal activity in return for a plethora of money seems like the most effective. This is
what now is organized crime. We are now experiencing an epidemic of large, powerful groups with
organized an illegal business. In other words, this organized crime concept is committed in gangs,
what we know as the Mafia for one. However, this has become greatly participated in now since
Prohibition became a law on January 20th of this year. People who we may know of our society
has realized the amount of money found in illegally selling alcohol behind our governments back.
This Prohibition law has banned the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. In
other words, our Prohibition law was created in hopes of less crime and violence, but it really only
increased these rates and iis turning more and more people to becoming bootleggers. As this
organized crime is dangerous, the

Organized Crime
Introduction Organized crime can be a number of different types of things. According to Lyman
& Potter, (2007), "The NCIS describes organized crime as having four salient attributes: An
organized crime group contains at least three people; The criminal activity the group engages in
is ongoing and indefinite in duration; The group is motivated by a desire for profit or power;
and, The group commits serious criminal offenses"(p.15). The group we chose is the American
Mafia families of New York City. This mafia family has been the top of organized crimes in New
York City since 1930. There are five different families and they all have their own kind of power
over the part of the city they live in. Organized Crime Group Analysis...show more content...
The mafia still worked to earn money, but the focus wasn't geared entirely on what the next
business venture would be. It was more of a power and respect issue early on. The same still
holds true, but years ago, it meant more to the group to prove a point and throw around their
weight. The groups didn't care if they were seen and known. In present day, it is more beneficial
for the organized groups to run efficiently, but more so behind closed doors. Some major interest
that the American Mafia has been focused on is gambling, loan sharking with very high interest
rates, prostitution, and drug distribution. Labor racketeering was another popular criminal activity.
Members of the groups worked their way into positions of power in a labor union and then stole
from the union's retirement and health funds. (law.jrank.org, 2010) Organized crime groups have
become very business savvy and managed to masks their illegal activities behind very legitimate
business fronts. There have been all types of business ventures that were financed with illegal
monies from organized crime groups. In an article focusing on the Rochester Family of Rochester,
New York, it detailed activities of Angelo Morachino. Morachino ran a construction company that
specialized in fraudulent contracts and corrupting labor officials. Rosario Chirico, a member of the
same mafia family, specialized in operating a stolen car ring and

What Are At The Center Of Organized Crime
[Finally, the proof that financial gain and corruption are at the center of organized crime, is the
amount of resources and money that has been leveled at this problem without being able to impede
the growth of the organizations. Hence, there have been many politicians proven to have
relationships with organized crime members. Those include Presidents John F. Kennedy, Richard M.
Nixon, Ronald Regan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush to name a few (Lyman & Potter,
2011). In the private business sector, respected institutions such as Shearson/American Express,
Merrill Lynch, the Miami National Bank, Citibank, and others have participated in illicit business
practices with organized crime members (Lyman & Potter, 2011). Some of the other...show more
content...
At that time there were too many police officers participating by accepting bribes. As the
legislation changed the prosecution seemed to improve for a short period. The RICO Act was
the most successful at bringing down high ranking member of organized crime. However, as we
can see that has not been enough to combat the problem. In my opinion, legislation that prevents
politicians from accepting "campaign donations". Could be the start of making a more honest
system, in addition I think that the lobbyists should not be allowed to contribute to campaigns
either. That being said another way to make a huge dent in the profit margin of the organized
crime organizations would be to legalize certain drugs. If the government was in control of
production and distribution it would make it virtually unprofitable for the cartels and organized
crime to profit. There are other countries that have legalized drug use, and the money that is made
by the people who want to use drugs could be used for treating the individuals who develop a
problem. The school of thought is if you take away the taboo it will not be as attractive to as many
people. [In conclusion, as the amount of organized crime grows and changes, it becomes more
sophisticated. I don't believe there is ever a true end in sight to the problem. However, the power

The Pros And Cons Of Organized Crime
Organized crime was large–scale organization with highly systemic economic framework that
operated in the illegal market with the purpose to make profits as much as possible. By making the
production of some products and services illegal, the entrance to the illegal market was restricted.
Another barrier for the entrance of the illegal market was the financial economics of scale.
The economic environment could be restructured if the economic condition that required a
large–scale criminal organization was recognized, thus the number of the organized crime would
reduce. There was a possible that the organized crime would diminish if it became disorganized,
while the organized crime was more preferred because the society would gain more benefits by
reducing the violence in industries. The ideal approaches to deal with the organized crime were to
reduce the profits in the illegal market and to restrain the abuse of monopoly power through
regulations.
The organized crime was difficult to eliminate in a short run. The frequency of the criminal activities
would be reduced to a large extent if the criminals could not gain huge benefits from the illegal
markets. Various strategies should be combined to deal with the organized crimes, and the results of
the different strategies should be examined to acquire the most optimal ones.
The first way to fight organized crime was to enforce the existing law in order to further combat
crime, including the violation strategy, the attrition

White Collar And Organized Crime Essay
White Collar And Organized Crime
In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S.
Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with
the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general
public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not
realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and Organized is generally crime
committed by someone that is considered respectable and has a high social status. The crimes
committed usually consist of fraud, insider trading, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering,
identity theft or forgery. One...show more content...
They also increase the drug trafficking and pay off corrupt officials by extortion or intimidation
which helps them continue their operations. Although the FBI is unsure of how much impact there
is, they estimate it to be around $1 trillion a year, globally.
The FBI has created an organized crime program that focuses on the crimes and criminal enterprises
that are creating the greatest threat to America. They have three units which are focused on La Cosa
Nostra, Italian organized crime and racketeering. Also included are Middle Eastern, Asian and
African criminal enterprises. The framework of the program is based on pursuing targets that have
ties to national and international criminal enterprises and breaking them down; relying on flexibility
to aid in pursuing organized crime by regions that are conducting racketeering activities. They have
also partnered with people globally to assist in information during investigations. Italy and Hungary
are included in this partnership. By partnering with other countries, tackling these groups of people
becomes easier.
One of the largest Organized crime bust occurred in 2011. Close to 130 members of the New York
City Mafia were arrested along with other East Coast cities. The Bonnanno, Colombo, Gambino,
Genovese and Luchese were all part of the New York's five families. Members of each of the five
families were arrested to include some of the

Organized Crime And Criminal Behavior
[Prior to taking this course I had a perspective of "organized crime" groups that did not view them
in any other context other than a criminal enterprise for ethnic groups. However, after several weeks
of reading and research there is much more to the organizations. There are many groups that make up
our society, and are considered social institutions. Organizedcrime groups are just one more of
those social institutions. In this paper we will review the term social institution as it applies to
organized crime, and reveal the theories and models which help explain organized crime and
criminal behavior. [The term social institution has many definitions, one definition is "Social
Institutions are established sets of norms and subsystems that support each society's survival"
(Devore, 2016). In general, a social institution is a group of people that share similar ideas,
characteristics, and behaviors they organize to achieve a desired result. There are mainly five types
of social institutions, they are; political, educational, economic, religious, economic, and family
(Ashbaugh, 2016). These groups can be represented by a formal group, such as, Democratic Party
which share rules, ideals, and goals for a political system. Additionally, the groups could be a
church group with similar beliefs, morals, and spiritual ideals. It would appear after review of these
groups that they have in common a positive outcome for society, in contrast, organized crime seems
to violate the nature

Organized Crime
Donald Creesey was a pioneer in the study of organized crime. He was
also considered the first expert on the subject. However, his contributions to the
field are now in question. In the next two articles a battle of words is waged
between Joseph L. Albini, author of "Donald Cressey's Contributions to the
Study of Organized Crime An Evaluation", and Charles H. Rogovin along with
Frederick T. Martens, authors of "The Evil That Men Do", concerning Cressey's
actual accomplishments.
First of all, a brief introduction to each of the authors' credentials is
needed to add respectability to his opinion on what Cressey has done. Joseph L.
Albini has a doctorate in the field of...show more content...
Although the articles are in
direct contrast with one another, each authors' opinion must be considered
before refuting it.
The article composed by Albini is a critical evaluation of Donald Cressey's
work. Within the pages of the article are numerous reasons why Cressey was
wrong in the conclusions he arrived at and how he was careless in his research
to attain those conclusions. Throughout the article Albini makes allegations of
ignorance and utter disregard for information directed toward Cressey that would
refute the very conclusions Cressey has been heralded for reaching.
In contrast, Rogovin and Martens derived an article that supports the

same conclusions which Albini criticizes. They continually find and state
examples of how they feel Albini to be wrong and Cressey to be correct. They
have determined that Albini's article has no foundation and no merit, which leads
Into the effectiveness and correctness of Cressey.
To start off the criticisms by Albini of Cressey, Albini claims that Cressey
feared for his life. Albini attributes this fear to Cressey's "unquestioning and, in
many cases, uncritical acceptance of the government data." He, being Albini,
protests that Cressey warned him once of the dangers of pursuing his research
in the field of organized crime. He did not fault Cressey for this fear, but later on
in Albini's own

Arguments Against Organized Crime
Organized crime is described as, "the unlawful activity of members of a highly organized association
engaged in supplying illegal goods, and services, including gambling, prostitution, loan–sharking,
narcotics, and racketeering" (Schmalleger, 2012 P. 318). According to a 1976 federal task force on
organized crime, racketeering, vice operations, theft/fence rings, gangs, and terrorism are considered
the five types of activity that qualify as organized crime. Law enforcement agencies, had a few
specialized weapons for the fight against organized crime. The first federal legislation aimed
specifically at curtailing activities. Hobbs Act, made it a violation of the federal law to engage in
any criminal behavior that would interfere with commerce,

Russian Organized Crime Essay
Russian Organized Crime (ROC)
The term "Russian organized crime" (ROC) refers to criminal groups from the 15 republics which
comprised the former Soviet Union. ROC has existed for 20 years in the United States but during
the last five years law enforcement authorities have observed a distinct increase in their criminal
activities. Criminals from the former Soviet Union have established their networks in major cities
and are also emerging in some smaller cities. ROC groups are involved in murder, money laundering,
extortion, auto theft, weapons smuggling, narcotics trafficking, prostitution, counterfeiting currency,
and a multitude of complex fraud schemes.
ROC in the United States evolved in Brighton Beach, New York, which at one...show more content...
This group existed throughout the Soviet era and is a formidable threat there today.
Ivankov spent approximately ten years in a Russian prison before bribing his way out. Russian
authorities speculated that Ivankov came to the United States to organize the existing networks of
Russian criminals operating within the United States, including California. He was arrested in June
1995 in New York for attempting to extort $3.5 million from an investment firm operated by two
Russian Г©migrГ©s. In January 1997, Ivankov was sentenced to over nine years in prison for
conspiracy to commit extortion.
Law enforcement authorities have identified varying levels of organization and sophistication
among these criminal networks, ranging from professional organizations with an identifiable
structure to loosely aligned criminal networks and amateur criminals who periodically assist in
criminal activities. The professional groups generally have an established allegiance to a leader and
follow a criminal code. Prior to passage of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, the
investigation and prosecution of organized criminal groups had not been conducted in a coordinated
manner. Congress passed RICO with the specific intent of combating the infiltration of organized
crime into legitimate businesses. Providing a wide range of criminal and civil sanctions to control
organized criminal activities, prosecutors employ RICO to imprison heads of crime

Organized Crime Essay

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