1. Sybex CCNA 640-802
Chapter 8: Layer-2 Switching
Instructor & Todd Lammle

2. Chapter 8 Objectives
The CCNA Topics Covered in this chapter
include:
• What is layer-2 switching
• Switching services
• Bridges vs. LAN switching
• Three switch functions
• MAC table
• Switching loops Spanning-Tree Protocol
(STP)
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3. Layer 2 Switching
• Purposes for using switching
– Breaks up collision domains
– Cost-effective, resilient
internetwork
• Purpose for Spanning-Tree
Protocol (STP)
– Stops loops in layer 2 switched
networks

4. Before Layer 2 Switching

5. Switched LANs

6. Typical Switched Designs

7. One link to the server!

8. Switching Services
Layer 2 switching provides:
– Hardware-based bridging (ASIC)
– Wire speed
– Low latency
– Low cost

9. Limitations of Layer 2
Switching
• Must break up the collision
domains correctly.
• Make sure that users spend
80 percent of their time on the
local segment.
• Switches do not break up
broadcast domains by default.

10. Bridging vs. LAN switching

11. Three Switch Functions at
Layer-2

12. Empty MAC table

13. How Switches Learn Hosts’
Locations

14. Switching Loops

15. Switching Loop Problems

16. Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)
Solves Switching loops at layer 2
• STP
• Root Bridge
• BPDU
• Bridge ID
• Nonroot Bridge
•Root port
•Designated port
•Port cost
•Nondesignated
port
•Forwarding port
•Block port

17. Spanning-Tree Operations
• Selecting the root bridge
• Selecting the designated port

18. Switching Loops

19. Spanning-Tree Port States
• Blocking
• Listening
• Forwarding
• Disabled

20. Spanning-Tree Example

21. Written Labs and Review
Questions
– Open your books and go through all the
written labs and the review questions.
– Review the answers in class.
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