1. Finland, May 5, 2015
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Melanie Swan
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
www.BlockchainStudies.org
Digital Health Revolution:
Blockchain Health and
Crypto Wellness Futures

2. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
What is the Blockchain?
1
The blockchain is a new class of
information technology …
that could be like the Internet in terms of
pervasively reconfiguring all of human activity,
at minimum facilitating decentralized models
as a technologically-resilient and liberty-
enhancing complement to centralized
hierarchical models
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

3. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
What is blockchain technology
(literally)?
2
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin, https://bitcoin.org/en/download, https://getaddr.bitnodes.io/
 Open-source software upon which
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies run
 A technology protocol layer like TCP/IP
 A decentralized database/ledger
 Giant ‘interactive Google doc spreadsheet’
that anyone can view and administrators
(miners) continually verify and update to
confirm that each transaction is valid
 Secure network where any transaction can
be independently confirmed as unique and
valid without a centralized intermediary
 Blocks (batches) of transactions posted
sequentially to a ledger (chain)

4. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
What is blockchain technology
(conceptually)?
3
 A decentralized database, a transaction ledger
 A new form of information technology
 A globally-distributed always-on database system for
secure, permanently-recorded independently-validated
transactions
 A universal organization and coordination system
 A registry, listing, and management system for all of the world’s
assets, smart property, and itemizable quanta
 Asset registry, inventory, tracking, and exchange
 A society’s public records repository, a representative
and participatory legal and governance system
 A tool for large-scale science and health applications
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

5. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health 4
Melanie Swan, Blockchain Scholar
 Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies
 Singularity University Instructor, EDGE Contributor
IEET Affiliate Scholar
 Swan, M. Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. Sebastopol CA: O'Reilly Media, 2015.
 Swan, M. We Should Consider The Future World As One Of Multi-Species Intelligence. Response to The Edge Question 2015: What do you
think about machines that think? John Brockman, Ed., 2015.
 Swan, M. Cognitive Applications of the Brain as a DAC. Cognitive Science 2015: The Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Mind,
Technology, and Society, Pasadena CA, July 2015. submitted.
 Swan, M. Philosophy of Big Data: Expanding the Human-Data Relation with Big Data Science Services. IEEE BigDataService 2015,
Redwood City CA, Mar 31-Apr 2, 2015.
 Swan, M. Blockchain Thinking: The Brain as a DAC (Decentralized Autonomous Corporation). Texas Bitcoin Conference, Austin TX, March
27-29, 2015.
 Swan, M. Machine ethics interfaces: An ethics of perception of nanorobot-aided cognition. Journal of Responsible Innovation. submitted.
Traditional Markets,
Science, Arts Background
New Vision
http://melanieswan.com/publications.htm, http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

6. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health 5
Blockchain (non-technical overview of blockchain possibilities)
 What people are saying…
 #mindblowing – SD
 Intriguing - JH
 Great to read your book! Willing to transform
your ideas to real life – AW
 I find it amazing … a good mix of explanation
about state-of-the-art products as well as
visionary ideas. I was waiting for awhile for this
kind of book – JM
 A compelling and unique overview of the
possibilities – DC
 Thank you for helping bring about a new era in
finance – JW
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

7. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Health Applications
6
Immediate Near-Future Longer-term Future
Universal EMR Smart Contracts and
Health Insurance
Blockchain Happiness:
Personal Development Chains
Health Databanks Smart Property: Drug and
Inventory Management
Virtual Patient Modeling
Quantified Self Data
Commons
Health Token: HSN,
Research
Blockchain AI Applications:
Big Data File Storage,
Access, and Analysis
Smarthome, Personal
Robotics, QS IOT
Friendly AI
Health Document
Notarization and Tracking
Environmental Monitoring Blockchain Deep-Learners
Identity Verification Demurrage Redistributions Blockchain Health Advocates
Health Vendor RFPs Health Policy Voting Digital Mindfile Services
HSN: Health Social Network, IOT: Internet of Things
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

8. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Health
 Universal EMR: finally ‘health XML’?
 Personal health records stored and administered via blockchain
 Users key-permission doctors and other parties into records
 Apple HealthKit, Bluehub Health, Google Health (concept)
 Health Databanks and Research Commons
 Aggregated personal medical records, quantified self data
commons, genome and connectome files
 Health Document Notary Services
 Proof-of-insurance, test results, prescriptions, status, diagnoses,
conditions, treatments, physician referrals
 Doctor Vendor RFP Services
 Doctors and health practices bid to supply medical services;
automated bidding via health exchanges (OpenBazaar)
7
http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html

9. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Notarization
 Notary Service, Attestation
 Register health documents, diagnoses, EMRs, contracts,
agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)
 Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)
 How it works
 Hash + timestamp + blockchain record
8
http://www.proofofexistence.com/

10. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Big Health Data
 Proprietary genomic datasets and cloud-based tools
 Baylor College of Medicine (3,751 whole human genomes (of 7
bn) and 10,771 exomes (440 terabytes) as of 2013)
 Genomic Data Commons (open only to US scientists)
 DNAnexus (cloud-based data analysis and management
platform for DNA sequence data)
 Decentralized projects: big data access + query tools for
scalability, practicality privacy, liberty, availability
 DNA.bits (www.dna-bits.com) blockchain-based
 Large genetic dataset access with correlated clinical records
 Dexter (dexter.stanford.edu)
 Enduser-targeted, browser-based, domain-independent, structured-
data explorer; run big data queries from browser
 CrowdMed (www.crowdmed.com) crowdsourced disease diagnosis
9
http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html

11. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Genomics
10
 Censorship-resistant blockchains counter
jurisdictional regulation preventing
individuals from accessing their own data
 Global organization uplift to blockchain
cloud: WikiLeaks, ICANN, Genome Chains
http://genomesunzipped.org/2011/03/people-have-a-right-to-access-their-own-genetic-information.php

12. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
What is Smart Property?
 Register assets to blockchain via unique key
 Real-time GPS ‘LoJack’ tracking for any asset
 Blockchain becomes an inventory, tracking,
and exchange mechanism for all hard assets
 Smart Property Health Applications
 Drug and equipment inventory (example: Blocktrace
ledger tracks diamonds); equipment servicing records
 Test results logged as smart property
 Digital authentication and RT keyless entry
 On-demand real-time inventorying of all hospital’s,
city’s, country’s equipment
 Supply chain provenance https://www.provenance.org
 OpenBazaar health exchange markets (equipment)
11
https://openbazaar.org/, http://www.edgelogic.net/blocktrace, Provenance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqIUBn80pg4
A decentralized CraigsList

13. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
What are Smart Contracts?
12
 Agreements between parties posted to the
blockchain for automated execution
 Examples
 Bet on high temperature tomorrow
 Inheritance pay-out at age 21 or death of benefactor
 Mortgage with automatic interest-rate resets
 Blockchain-based Greek tax receipts in Ricardian
Contracts (Yanis Varoufakis)
 Code: Ethereum and Eris
 https://github.com/ethereum/
 http://www.etherparty.io/
 https://erisindustries.com/
https://eng.erisindustries.com/smart%20contracts/2014/12/17/dennys-smart-contracting/ ,
http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour,
http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001555.html

14. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Smart Health Contracts
13
 Hospital Visit Dapp (distributed application)
 Runs in the background, automatically manages visit
 Admittance: retrieves universal EMR, verifies identity,
insurance, and payment information from health wallet
 Annotates universal EMR, facilitates checkout
 Peer-to-peer Insurance
 Peer-evaluated and peer-adjudicated health claims
 Dynamis www.dynamisapp.com, BitSilk https://twitter.com/bitsilk
 Peer-based mediation and legal system
 Precedent http://www.precedentcoin.com
 Quantified Self Personal Health DAC
 Codified QS data collection and action-taking
 Automated integration of health data streams
DAC: distributed autonomous corporation

15. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Digital Health Wallet
14
 Private key identity card + EMR +
health insurance info + payment data
 Use HealthToken to pay for services

16. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain IOT
15
http://www.zdnet.com/article/internet-of-things-market-to-hit-7-1-trillion-by-2020-idc/,
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
https://gigaom.com/2014/09/09/check-out-ibms-proposal-for-an-internet-of-things-architecture-using-bitcoins-block-chain-tech/
 M2M/IOT Bitcoin payment network to
enable the machine economy & mThings
 The economic layer the web never had
 IOT 2020: 26 bn devices in a $7 tn market
 IOT agricultural and environmental
sensors posting to blockchains
 Quantifying processes; insurance data
 Smartcity orchestration
 Example project: IBM Adept
 Blockchain + Messaging + BitTorrent
 Communication + coordination mechanism
 Scale from thousands to millions of sensors
Smartcity Infrastructure
and Connected Car
Orchestration
IOT Sensor and Drone
Agricultural Monitoring

17. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Smarthome IOT and Health
16
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
 Smarthome IOT networks
 Tool for managing device proliferation
 Provide security and privacy of sensitive
smarthome data: physical and mental health,
product consumption
 Devices: personal robotics, digital health
assistants, artificial companions, health
optimizers, quantified self-tracking
wearables, smartwatch, Fitbit, health tracker
 With permissioning, smarthome, connected
car, smartcity infrastructure to provide daily
health check for the whole populace,
including quality-of-life mental state
Personal Robotics
Coordination
Smarthome IOT: Hue Go
Wireless Smartlighting and
Amazon Dash Button

18. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Health Policy Voting
 Futarchy, two-step program
1. Traditional vote, on outcomes not people
2. Prediction markets to determine specific
proposals for achieving the outcome
 Delegative democracy (Liquid Democracy)
 Voting power temporarily vested in delegates
not long-term representatives
 Group proposition development
 Chain-orchestrated Random Sample Elections
 Health Prediction Markets
 IEM Flu Markets
 Uncover hidden information in institutions
 Community physical/mental health markets
17
https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/
http://www.bitnation-blog.com/latest-update-dec-22nd-2014/

19. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
GBI and Demurrage HealthToken
 Nationally-denominated GBIToken
 Freicoin: Switzerland GBI (Guaranteed Basic Income)
 Nationally-denominated HealthToken
 Health services payment administration, health research token
 Demurrage currency: deflationary, built-in mechanism for
expiry, reissuance, redistribution; = action-incitory
 Fitbit and smartwatch are demurrage health currencies
 Health itself as a demurrage currency, a continually auto-
redistributing commodity among synapses, cells, humans,
societies; body and brain as a DAO/DAC AI
 Concept: demurrage resource-allocation via Dapp: Automatic
redistribution of any commodity within a system (brain or mindfile (potentiation,
optogenetic stimulation)), body (‘health’ (oxygen, waste removal nanobots,
circulating lab-on-chips)), work team (ideas), society (liberty)
18
Fitbit is a demurrage (action-inciting) health currency

20. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Economic Principles: not just for Economics
19
Economic Principles
 Traditional Deployment
 Markets
 Blockchain Deployment
 Any interaction is a discovery
and exchange process
 Abundance mindset and
overcoming scarcity
 Decentralized models
supplement hierarchy
 Demurrage incitatory potential
and resource redistribution
across network nodes
 Reciprocal mining communities
Blockchain technology is
prompting us to rethink
economic principles in markets,
and apply them much more
extensively to other situations in
a non-monetary sense

21. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Happiness
 Virtual patient modeling: AI/DL algorithms over
integrated health data streams
 QS wearables, smarthome, smartcity, connected car
 Blockchain-based personal development contracts
 Programmable Utility Functions
 Impute utility function from QS-biometrics and integrated
health chain data
 Time and quality-of-time spent in different activities
 Complexity math (power laws, coefficients, cellular
automata, fractals, Eigenvalues, nearest neighbor,) to
instantiate both the qualitative and the quantitative
 Actualization Chains, Maslow Contracts
 Extend our capacity to become ‘more’ of who we are and
can be more quickly
20
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

22. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain AI Applications
Artificial Intelligence
1. Friendly AI
2. Blockchain Deep-Learners
21
 Instantiating thinking as a blockchain process
 Blockchain thinking applications for the immediate progress of
intelligence and the longer-term transition to digital societies
Human Enhancement
3. Blockchain Advocates
4. Digital Mindfile Services
http://www.slideshare.net/lablogga/brain-as-a-dac-swan
http://www.melanieswan.com/documents/BlockchainThinking_SWAN.pdf

23. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
App #1: Friendly AI
22
Artificial Intelligence
 Digital intelligences running on
consensus-managed
smartnetworks
 Good reputational standing
required to conduct operations
 Resource access, fund-raising,
services, contracts
 Consensus only validates and
records bonafide transactions
from ‘good’ agents
Sources: http://cointelegraph.com/news/113368/blockchain-ai-5-top-reasons-the-blockchain-will-deliver-friendly-ai,
http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/swan20141117

24. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
App #2: Blockchain Deep-Learners
23
Artificial Intelligence
 Crucial moment for AI: large data
corpora and ‘simple’ machine
learning algorithms
 Narrow AI: Google News, Translate,
Image Recognition
 Broad AI: Genomes, Connectomes
 Example: Enlitic (http://www.enlitic.com/)
disease diagnosis via deep learning
 Large databases of personal
connectomes reveal brain structure
 Blockchain EMR, genome,
connectome file sharing
Sources: http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/35179.pdf,
http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209

25. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
App #3: Blockchain Advocates
24
Human Enhancement
 Smart contracts: independent third-
party advocate in uncertain future
time frames
 Wikipedia of the future: blockchain-
based oracle lookup services
“You are running on the current standard,
Windows 36 on a Quantum Itanium 3” -
smart contract valet
 Security for digital intelligences,
both AI and mindfiles
Source: http://www.melanieswan.com/documents/BlockchainThinking_SWAN.pdf

26. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
App #4: Digital Mindfile Services
25
Human Enhancement
 Digital Mindfile Uploads
 ‘Digital you’ services: LifeNaut, CyBeRev
 Brain scan, personal connectome
 Instantiate your mindfile as a DAC
 Personal Thinking Chains
 Life-logging, QS biometric datastore
 Chain-based Memory, Ideas, Identity
 Mindsim chains
 Like digital health sims (Entelos)
Source: http://www.melanieswan.com/documents/BlockchainThinking_SWAN.pdf

27. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Enterprise Blockchain Apps by Sector (selected)
26
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Crucial Blockchain Properties
• Cryptoledger
• Decentralized network
• Trustless
counterparties
• Independent
consensus-confirmed
transactions
• Permanent record
• Public records
repository
• Notarization time-
stamping hashes
• Universal format
• Accessibility
Government
& Legal
• Transnational orgs
• Personalized
governance services
• Voting, propositions
• P2P bonds
• Tele-attorney services
• IP registration and
exchange
• Tax receipts
• Notary service and
document registry
Markets
• Currency
• Payments &
Remittance
• Banking & Finance
• Clearing &
Settlement
• Insurance
• FinTech
• Trading & Derivatives
• QA & Internal Audit
• Crowdfunding
IOT
• Agricultural & drone
sensor networks
• Smarthome networks
• Integrated smartcity,
connected car,
smarthome sensors
• Self-driving car
• Personalized robots,
robotic companions
• Personalized drones
• Digital assistants
• Communication
(messaging)
• Large-scale
coordination
• Entity ingress/egress
• Transaction security
• Universal format
• Large-scale multi-
data-stream
integration
• Privacy and security
Real-time
accessibility
Health
• Universal EMR
• Health databanks
• QS Data Commons
• Big health data
stream analytics
• Digital health wallet
• Smart property
• HealthToken
• Personal
development
contracts
• Large-scale
infrastructural
element for
coordination
• Checks-and-
balances system
for ‘good-player’
access
• Community
supercomputing
• Crowd analysis
• P2P resourcenets
• Film, dataviz
• AI: blockchain
advocates, friendly
AI, blockchain
learners, digital
mindfile services
Science,
Art, AI

28. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Decentralized Application (Dapp) Ecosystem
27
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Project Name and URL Activity Centralized
Equivalent
OpenBazaar https://openbazaar.org Buy/sell items locally Craigslist
Twister http://twister.net.co
Gems http://getgems.org
Reveal http://rvl.rvl.is/
Project Groundhog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFeJYv3PSaI
Social networking, peer-to-peer
microblogging, messaging; private
token-based social messaging
Facebook, Twitter
Bitmessage https://bitmessage.org Secure messaging (individual or
broadcast)
SMS services
LaZooz http://lazooz.org On-demand ride service Uber, Lyft
Storj http://storj.io/
Maidsafe http://maidsafe.net/
IPFS http://ipfs.io/
File storage, file serving Dropbox, Google
Drive
Onename https://onename.com/
BitID https://github.com/bitid/bitid
Bithandle http://www.hackathon.io/bithandle
Digital identity verification VeriFone, Verisign,
Facebook
Provenance https://www.provenance.org/ Supply chain management Oracle, SAP
Mist (Ethereum)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgNjs_WaFSc
ProTip Add-on https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/protip-peer-
to-peer-tipping-for-the-web
Dapp browser Chrome, Firefox,
Internet Explorer

29. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Blockchain Philosophy
28
 Liberty-enhancing
 Participative, inclusive, expansive
 Equality technology
 A flexible structure accommodative of
diverse value systems
 Eradicates illiberty
 Authority: shifts locus to individual
 Already: news, entertainment content,
stock-trading, quantified self
 Now: currency, economics, government
 Decentralization: Abundance mindset
 GBI/demurrage currencies build certainty,
free cognitive surplus, basic needs met
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

30. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Summary
29
 One of the most important emerging
technologies for enacting the future of health
and the empowered biocitizen is blockchains
 Health (research, care delivery, and personal
self-wellness management) is a big data
analytics and security challenge that is solvable
by blockchain technology
 Also - integrate protected health data with smartcity,
smarthome, and connected car infrastructure
 Blockchains are a new form of information
technology, a decentralized system of checks-
and-balances, an infrastructure, an organizing
system that is universal, secure, and granular
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

31. May 5, 2015
Blockchain Health
Conclusion
30
Blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, and smart
contracts are truly a new kind of thing…technically,
conceptually, structurally, and socially…with
tremendous potential to decentralize and transform
the manner in which we conduct all activity…to
realize futures that are more efficient and
participative, scalable at a planetary level, and
enhancing of core values such as liberty, equality,
and innovation
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491

32. Finland, May 5, 2015
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Melanie Swan
melanie@BlockchainStudies.org
www.BlockchainStudies.org
Kiitos! Questions?
Digital Health Revolution:
Blockchain Health and
Crypto Wellness Futures