The document provides a history of Apple Inc. including: - Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Mike Markkula formed Apple Computer in 1976 after taking out a $250,000 loan. - The Apple I was their first product in 1976 using a TV as a display. The Apple II followed in 1977 and sold over 2 million units. - The Macintosh launched in 1984 and was the first personal computer with a graphical user interface, helping to popularize desktop publishing.

1. Apple

2. The History of Apple, Inc.

3. Why “Apple”?
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak,
and Mike Markkula
formed Apple Computer
on April 1, 1976, after
taking out a $250,000
loan.
At the time, the company
to beat was Atarti, and
“Apple” came before them
alphabetically, and also
therefore in the phone
book.

4. Jobs and Woz
First met in 1971; Jobs was 16, Wozniak was 21
Steve Wozniak built a computer to run on the 6502 chip
from MOS technology, but Jobs had the idea to sell it

5. Apple I
First demonstrated in April 1976
Used a TV as a display
Many machines had no display
Cassette interface
Used fewer parts than anything
in its class
Apple Computer’s first logo, designed by
Ronald Wayne, shows Isaac Newton
underneath an apple tree.

6. Apple II
First introduced in 1977
Recognized by many as being the first “computer”
Production ended in 1993; Apple had sold over two million units
Unlike Apple I, this version included graphics

7. 1984: Macintosh

8. Introduced on January 24,
1984, the Macintosh was the
world’s first truly personal
computer, with a user-friendly
Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Introduced desktop publishing
with Adobe PageMaker
Created an entire Mac
Family:
MacPlus (1986)
Mac SE and Mac II (1987)
Mac Classic and Mac LC
(1990) Macintosh’s first icons were created by graphic
Macintosh Portable designer Susan Kare.
(1989)
PowerBook (1991)

9. AIM Alliance
In 1991, Apple Computer,
IBM, and Motorola
joined to create the
PowerPC processors
Apple & IBM created two
side projects called
Taligent and Kaleida
Labs.

10. AIM Alliance
Started Power Macintosh line in 1994 using PReP
(PowerPC Reference Platform)
Produced the first hand-held PDA, the Newton, in
1993
Did not take off for Apple, but was the forerunner for
PalmPilot and Palm PC

11. Power Struggle
Jobs was fired in 1985 by the
board of directors, but after
three unsuccessful CEOs
throughout the early-mid
90s, was brought back in 1997
and assumed the position of
interim CEO.

12. iMac is Born
Jobs first recreated
desktop, combining the
monitor and CPU into one
Sold over one million units
a year
Introduced Apple’s new
emphasis on design and
aesthetics

13. Mac OS X
Jobs also created an entirely new operating system
Wanted to emphasize the “digital lifestyle”

14. iPod
Introduced on October In July 2005, iPod’s
23, 2001 U.S. market share was
5GB hard drive; 1000 estimated at 74%
songs January 2007, Apple
Apple had already reported record annual
registered the name for a earnings of $7.1 billion,
group of internet kiosks 48% of which was from
that were never iPod sales.
implemented

15. iPod + iTunes
Launched in 2003; had 2 million downloads in 16 days
Over 2 billion songs sold
1.2 billion songs sold in 2006 alone

16. Apple, Inc.
In January, Steve Jobs
announced the company
would change it’s name
to Apple, Inc. to
incorporate their many
endeavors

17. Technical
Specifications
Screen size 3.5 inches
Screen 320 by 480 at 160 ppi
resolution
Input method Multi-touch
Operating OS X
system
Storage 4GB or 8GB
GSM Quad-band (MHz: 850, 900, 1800, 1900)
Wireless data Wi-Fi (802.11b/g) + EDGE + Bluetooth 2.0
Camera 2.0 mega pixels
Battery Talk / Video / Browsing - Up to 5 hours
Audio playback - Up to 16 hours
Dimensions 4.5 x 2.4 x 0.46 inches / 115 x 61 x 11.6mm
Weight 4.8 ounces / 135 grams

18. iPhone iPhone 5 iPhone 4S iPhone 4 iPhone 3GS iPhone 3G iPhone
Comparison 16GB/32GB/ 16GB/ 16GB/ 16GB/ 8GB/ 4GB/8GB
Chart 64GB 32GB/ 32GB 32GB 16GB
64GB
Songs 4,000/8,000/ 4,000/ 4,000/ 4,000/8,000 2,000/ 1,000/
16,000 8,000/ 8,000 4,000 2,000
Held 16,000
Screen 4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Size**
Resolution 1136x640 960x640 960x640 480x320 480x320 480x320
Processor Apple A6 Apple A5 1 Ghz Apple A4 600 Mhz 412 Mhz 412 Mhz
Samsung Samsung ARM Samsung ARM
ARM Cortex-A8
Connectivity Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi,
4G LTE, UMTS/ UMTS/ UMTS/3G, UMTS/3G, GSM,
UMTS/HSDPA/ HSDPA/ HSDPA/ GSM, GSM, EDGE,
HSUPA/3G, HSUPA/3G, HSUPA/3G, Bluetooth Bluetooth Bluetooth
GSM, CDMA, GSM, CDMA, GSM, CDMA,
Bluetooth Bluetooth Bluetooth
Carrier AT&T, Sprint, AT&T, Sprint, AT&T, AT&T AT&T AT&T
Verizon Verizon Verizon
A-GPS? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Max. OS iOS 6 iOS 6 iOS 6 iOS 5 iOS 4, limited iOS 3
Camera 2 cameras: 2 cameras: 2 cameras: 3 Megapixel 2 Megapixel 2 Megapixel
8 Megapixel 8 Megapixel 5 Megapixel
& 720p HD & VGA & VGA
Records 1080p HD 1080p HD 720p HD VGA No No
Video? at 30 fps at 30 fps at 30 fps at 30 fps
FaceTime Yes Yes Yes No No No

19. FaceTime Yes Yes Yes No No No
Siri Yes Yes No No No No
Weight 3.95 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8
(ounces)
Size** 4.87 x 2.31 4.5 x 2.31 4.51 x 2.31 4.5 x 2.4 4.5 x 2.4 4.5 x 2.4
x .30 x .37 x .37 x .48 x .48 x .46
Battery Life Talk: 8 Talk: 8 Talk: 7 Talk: 5 Talk: 5 Talk: 8
(in hours) Video: 10 Video: 10 Video: 10 Video: 10 Video: 7 Video: 7
Web: 10 Web: 9 Web: 10 Web: 9 Web: 5 Web: 6
Audio: 40 Audio: 40 Audio: 40 Audio: 30 Audio: 24 Audio: 24
Colors Black, White Black, White Black, White Black, White Black, White Black
Price US$199/$29 US$199/ $199/ $199/ $199/ $499/
w/contract 9/ $299/ $299, $299, $299 $599,
$399 $399, later later $99, later $49, later $399
$99 and then free and then free
iphone Comparison Table

20. The iOS
Platform
From iOS reference Library
iPhone Human Interface Guidelines
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/DevelopingSoftware/DevelopingSoftware.html

31. Apple provides a complete ecosystem for
developers, so you can focus on making
incredible apps.

32. Tools you’ll love to use.
use
Xcode
IDE

33. Xcode Features
Assistant Editor
The Assistant button splits the editor in two, creating a secondary pane that automatically displays files that are
most helpful to you, based on your current work, for instance displaying the corresponding header file to your
current source file.
Source Editor
Write code using a professional editor with advanced code completion, code folding, syntax highlighting, and
message bubbles that display warning, errors, and other context-sensitive information inline with your code.
Interface Builder Built-In
Design and test your user interface without writing a line of code, prototyping in minutes, then graphically connect
your interface to the source within the Xcode editor.
iOS Simulator
With the iOS SDK, Xcode can build, install, run, and debug Cocoa Touch applications in a Mac-based iOS
Simulator for a rocket-fast development workflow.
Integrated Build System
Handles the most complex builds, scaling to maximize the power of multi-core Macs, and will automatically sign,
provision, and install iPhone apps onto a connected device.
Compilers
From within Xcode or Terminal, you have a complete set of open-source C, C++, and Objective-C compilers
optimized by Apple, scalable for fast multi-core compiles.

34. Graphical Debugger
Debug your Mac, iOS Simulator, or USB-connected iPhone application directly within the Xcode editor as data tips
show variable values with a mouse hover.
Static Analysis
Find bugs in your code before the application is even run by letting Xcode’s built-in static analyzer try out thousands of
possible code paths in a few seconds, reporting potential bugs that could have remained hidden or nearly impossible
to replicate.
Organizer
The Organizer is a single window for managing projects, SCM repositories, app archives, and devices — including one-
click setup of new iOS devices. The Organizer is also where you go to submit your Mac or iPhone app to the
App Store.
Snapshots
Before performing a big, risky operation on your project simply make a Snapshot (or let Xcode do it automatically for
you) to save your good state, confidently knowing you can easily restore it later.
Refactoring
Restructure your Objective-C application in a single operation, changing object hierarchies or names for all occurrences
within your code and user interface designs.
Complete Documentation
Search for anything within Xcode and the documentation viewer will find it, either on your Mac or on the Apple
Developer website.
Version Editor
Xcode’s Version editor displays a running timeline of commits, helps you determine blame, and graphically goes back
in time to compare source files, with full support for Subversion and Git source control (SCM) systems.

35. Live Issues
Just like a word processor highlights spelling errors, Live Issues highlights common coding mistakes, without the need to
click ‘build’ first.
Fix-it
Beyond just reporting errors, Xcode is intelligent enough to fix the problem for you. When you make a coding mistake,
Xcode will immediately alert you, and a single keyboard shortcut will instantly “fix-it” for you, so you won’t miss a beat
while coding.
Quick Help
Streamlined documentation on API usage, definitions, or sample code are available within the Utility area of Xcode,
without taking focus away from your code.

36. Instruments
Data Recording
Tell Instruments which application to analyze, which instruments to use, and simply click the big red button as data
is collected and stored for further analysis.
Visual Comparison
As data is recorded and displayed over time it is easy to see relationships, both between different types of collected
data, or the same data collected over multiple runs.
Drill Down
Inspect data spikes on the graph to see what code is executing at the time, then easily jump into Xcode to fix
the problem.
Play Back
Create an ad-hoc test harness by recording a user interacting with your application, then play back the recording to
see how your code changes affect the performance.
Instrument Library
Choose any of the bundled instruments in the library from low-level CPU, network, or file activity, to advanced
graphics and user-event instruments.
Zombie Detection
Hard-to-find application errors and crashes can be trapped within Instruments when an application tries to access
memory no longer available.
Source View
Drill down through data points, sort to find the most CPU-consuming methods, and view the code directly within the
Instruments UI to pinpoint the problem.

37. Low-Overhead Sampling
Without launching the Instruments application it is possible to begin sampling performance data with a simple keypress,
using very low overhead to collect high-fidelity information.
Custom Instruments
Create your own Instruments using DTrace and the Instruments custom builder.
System Trace
Taking up very little resources, Instruments records information about all the processes on your system, revealing
performance bottlenecks caused as processes interact.

38. IOS
iOS is the world’s most advanced mobile operating system, continually
redefining what people can do with a mobile device. Together, the iOS
SDK and Xcode IDE make it easy for developers to create
revolutionary mobile apps.

39. Cocoa Touch
UIKit
For iOS, the Cocoa Touch frameworks
focus on touch-based interfaces and
optimization. The UIKit provides the basic
tools and infrastructure you need to
implement graphical, event-driven apps
in iOS.
Foundation
The building blocks of any Cocoa app, including collection classes
and all the base objects used throughout Cocoa.

40. Below is a small sampling of the available frameworks included in Cocoa Touch:
Audio and Video Data Management
Core Audio Core Data
OpenAL SQLite
Media Library
AV Foundation
Networking and Internet Graphics and
Bonjour Animation
WebKit Core Animation
BSD Sockets OpenGL ES
Quartz 2D
User Applications
Address Book
Core Location
Map Kit
Store Kit

41. Device Characteristics
• An iOS-based device is not a desktop or laptop computer, and an iPhone
application is not the same as a desktop application.
• Designing software for iOS-based devices requires a state of mind that
may or may not be second nature to you.
• In particular, if the bulk of your experience lies in developing desktop
applications, you should be aware of the significant differences between
designing software for a mobile device and for a computer.

42. Devices Supported

43. Design Considerations
Screen Size is Compact
• Use the compact screen size as a motivation to focus the user interface
on the essentials.
• You don’t have the room to include design elements that aren’t absolutely
necessary, and crowding user interface elements makes your application
unattractive and difficult to use.

44. Video Formats
• iPad/iPhone/iPod Supported Video Formats
• H.264 video up to 720p, 30 frames per second, Main Profile level 3.1
with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4,
and .mov file formats;
• MPEG-4 video, up to 2.5 Mbps, 640 by 480 pixels, 30 frames per
second, Simple Profile with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48kHz,
stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats;
• Motion JPEG (M-JPEG) up to 35 Mbps, 1280 by 720 pixels, 30 frames
per second, audio in ulaw, PCM stereo audio in .avi file format
• http://www.aneesoft.com/tutorials/ipad-supported-video-format.html
• http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/the-complete-guide-to-ipo

45. TV Formats
• iPad Supported TV Formats
• Support for 1024 by 768 pixels with Dock Connector to VGA Adapter;
• 576p and 480p with Apple Component AV Cable;
• 576i and 480i with Apple Composite AV Cable

46. Audio Formats
• iPad Supported Audio Formats
• Frequency response: 20Hz to 20,000Hz
• Audio formats supported: HE-AAC (V1), AAC (16 to 320 Kbps),
Protected AAC (from iTunes Store), MP3 (16 to 320 Kbps), MP3 VBR,
Audible (formats 2, 3, and 4), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAV
• User-configurable maximum volume limit

47. Design Considerations
• Memory is Limited
• Memory is a critical resource in iOS.
• iOS virtual memory model does not include disk swap space, you must
take care to avoid allocating more memory than is available on the
device
• When low-memory conditions occur, iOS warns the running application
and may terminate the application if the problem persists.
• Be sure your application is responsive to memory usage warnings and
cleans up memory in a timely manner.
• As you design your application, strive to reduce the application’s
memory.

48. Design Considerations
• People See One Screen at a Time
• One of the biggest differences between the iOS environment and the
computer environment is the window paradigm. With the exceptions of
some modal views, users see a single application screen at a time on an
iOS-based device. iPhone applications can contain as many different
screens as necessary, but users access and see them sequentially, not
simultaneously.
• If the desktop version of your application requires users to see several
windows simultaneously, you need to decide if there’s a different way
users can accomplish the same task in a single screen or a sequence of
screens. If not, you should focus your iPhone application on a single
subtask of your computer application, instead of trying to replicate a
wider feature set.

49. People Interact with 1 Application at a Time
• Only one application is visible in the foreground at a time.
• When people switch from one application to another, the previous
application quits and its user interface goes away.
• Prior to iOS 4.0, this meant that the quitting application was immediately
removed from memory.
• In iOS 4.0 and later, the quitting application transitions to the
background, where it may or may not continue running.
• This feature, called multitasking, allows applications to remain in the
background until they are launched again or until they are terminated.
• Otherwise you need to save your program data and execution state
• Use the Sandbox to do so.

50. Onscreen User Help is Minimal
• Mobile users don’t have the time to read through a lot of help content
before they can use your application. What’s more, you don’t want to
give up valuable space to display or store it. A hallmark of the design of
iOS-based devices is ease of use, so it’s crucial that you meet users’
expectations and make the use of your application immediately obvious.
There are a few things you can do to achieve this:
• Use standard controls correctly. Users are familiar with the
standard controls they see in the built-in applications, so they already
know how to use them in your application.
• Be sure the path through the information you present is logical
and easy for users to predict. In addition, be sure to provide
markers, such as back buttons, that users can use to find out where
they are and how to retrace their steps.

51. What Are Your Options?
• You can create:
• An iPhone application, which is an application you develop using the
iOS SDK to run natively on iOS-based devices.
• Web-only content, including web applications, which are websites
that behave like built-in iPhone applications.
• A hybrid application, which is an iPhone application that provides
access to web content primarily through a web-content viewing area,
but includes some iOS user interface elements.
• iOS is also the development platform for the iPad and iPod Touch

52. iPhone Applications
• iPhone applications resemble the built-in applications on iOS-based
devices in that they reside on the device itself and take advantage of
features of the iOS environment.
• Users install iPhone applications on their devices and use them just
as they use built-in applications, such as Stocks, Maps, Calculator,
and Mail.
• An iPhone application is quick to launch and easy to use.
• Whether the application enables a task like sending email or provides
entertainment to users, it is characterized by responsiveness,
simplicity, and a beautiful, streamlined user interface.

53. Web-only Content
• You have a few different options when it comes to providing web-only
content to iOS users:

54. Web applications
• Webpages that provide a focused solution to a task and conform to
certain display guidelines are known as web applications, because they
behave similarly to the built-in iOS applications.
• A web application, like all web-only content, runs in Safari on iOS; users
do not install it on their devices, instead they go to the web application’s
URL.

55. Optimized WebPages
• Webpages that are optimized for Safari on iOS display and operate as
designed
• Flash Player is not supported in this environment.
• Recent announcements lead to an expectation for future support
• But for now any elements that rely on unsupported technologies, such
as plug-ins, Flash, and Java) are excepted.
• In addition, an optimized webpage correctly scales content for the device
screen and is often designed to detect when it is being viewed on iOS-
based devices, so that it can adjust the content it provides accordingly.

56. Compatible WebPages
• Webpages that are compatible with Safari on iOS display and operate as
designed (with the exception of any elements that rely on unsupported
technologies, such as plug-ins, Flash, and Java).
• A compatible webpage does not tend to take extra steps to optimize
the viewing experience on iOS-based devices, but the device usually
displays the page successfully.
• If you have an existing website or web application, first ensure that it
works well on iOS-based devices.
• Also, you should consider creating a custom icon users can put on
their Home screens using the Web Clip feature.
• In effect, this allows users to keep on their Home Screens a
bookmark to your website that looks like a native application icon.

57. Hybrid Applications
• With iOS, you can create an application that combines features of native
applications and webpages.
• A hybrid application is a native iPhone application that provides most of
its structure and functionality through a web viewing area, but also tends
to contain standard iOS user interface elements.
• A hybrid application gives users access to web content with an
element called a web view (described in “Web Views”).
• Precisely how you use a web view in your application is up to you, but
it’s important to avoid giving users the impression that your
application is merely a mini web browser.
• A hybrid application should behave and appear like a native iPhone
application; it should not draw attention to the fact that it depends
upon web sources.

58. Three Application Styles
• Productivity
• Utility
• Immersive

59. Productivity Applications
• A productivity application enables tasks that are based on the
organization and manipulation of detailed information.
• People use productivity applications to accomplish important tasks.
• Mail is a good example of a productivity application.
• Productivity applications often organize user data hierarchically. In this
way, people can find information by making progressively more specific
choices until they arrive at the desired level of detail. iOS provides table
elements that make this process extremely efficient on iOS devices (see
“Table Views” for more information about these user interface elements).
Figure 1-1 shows an example of this type of data organization.
• Productivity applications tend to use multiple views, usually displaying
one level of the hierarchy per view.

60. Utility Applications
• A utility application performs a simple task that requires a minimum of
user input.
• People open a utility application to see a quick summary of
information or to perform a simple task on a limited number of objects.
• The Weather application is a good example of a utility application
because it displays a narrowly focused amount of information in an
easy-to-scan summary.
• A utility application tends to organize information into a flattened list of
items; users do not usually need to drill down through a hierarchy of
information.

61. Weather App

62. Immersive Applications
• An immersive application offers a full-screen, visually rich environment
that’s focused on the content and the user’s experience with that
content.
• People often use immersive applications to have fun, whether playing a
game, viewing media-rich content, or performing a simple task.
• Alternatively, an application that replicates the experience of using a
bubble level works well in a graphics-rich, full-screen environment, even
though it doesn’t fit the definition of a game.
• In such an application, as in a game, the user’s focus is on the visual
content and the experience, not on the data behind the experience.
Figure 1-5 shows an example of an immersive application that
replicates an actual experience and enables a simple task.

63. Bubble Level App

64. Choosing an Application and a Style
• Think of an App you might like to develop.
• For fun – any topic
• For sale –
• check the App Store first to see if there are other similar apps.
• Study them to see if you can do better.
• Try again for a new idea
• After hearing about productivity, utility, and immersive application styles,
think about the type of information your application displays and the task
it enables.
• In theory, the type of application you should create is obvious to you
and you’re ready to get started; in practice, it’s not always that simple
• Remember what we already know about human interface design and
add in the new challenges of the mobile device.

65. When You Have an Existing Computer
Application
• Don’t just port it to iOS.
• User want to open your application, use it briefly, and move on to
something else. If your application relies on the user’s undivided
attention for long stretches of time, you need to rethink its structure and
goals if you want to bring it to iOS.
• Reporting vs Editing
• Apply the 80-20 rule to the design of your application.
• Focus your iPhone application on the features that meet the needs of the
greatest number of people.