SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 3
Download to read offline
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)      97



÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚ÍøŸÊ ¬˝ÊÒlÊÁª∑§Ë ∞fl¢ ’ˬ˕Ê
ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ∑§◊¸øÊ⁄UË ‚¢ÉÊÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÊÕ¸∑§ÃÊ

                                                                                                    *«UÊÚ. ⁄UÁfl‡Ê ∑ȧ◊Ê⁄U ‡Ê◊ʸ
‡ÊÊœ¬òÊ-√ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ

      uCcs ds n’kd ds izkjafEHkd o"kZ Hkkjr ds bfrgkl essa lnSo   fØ;kdyki tSls lk¶Vos;j MoyiesV] osc fMtkbZfuax] ,uhes’ku
                                                                                                     a
;kn j[ks tk;saxsA ;s og o"kZ Fks tc Hkkjr xgu vkfFkZd ladV        bR;kfn rks Hkkjr esa dq’kyrkiwodZ lEiUu fd, gh tk jgs gSA
esa Qalk gqvk FkkA vusd vFkZ’kkfL=;ksa ds vuqlkj Lora=rk          fdUrq vktdy blesa ,d ubZ ladYiuk vkSj tqM+h gS ftls
feyus ds le; ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;g lcls xaHkhj           chihvks vFkkZr fctusl izkslsl vkmVlksflZax dgrs gSA lsokvksa
vkfFkZd ladV FkkA1 Hkkjr dks xaHkhj Hkqxrku vlarqyu dh            dh vkmVlksflZax ,d vk/kqfud ladYiuk gS tks lu~ 2001 ls
fLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk FkkA bl le; geus fo’o                'kq: gqbZ gSA5 vkmVlksflZax 'kCn tks lkekU; rkSj ij vke
cSad ,oa vUrjkZ”Vªh; eqnzk dks"k tSlh oSf’od foRrh; laLFkkvksa    cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa fctusl izkslsl vkmVlksflZax ¼chihvks½
ls vkfFkZd lgk;rk izkIr djus gsrq izkFkZuk dhA bu laLFkkvksa      ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS dk rkRi;Z fdlh ckgjh L=ksr
us Hkkjr dks lgk;rk nsuk rks Lohdkj dj fy;k fdUrq lkFk            ls Bsds ij oLrq,sa ;k lsok;sa izkIr djus dh ,d vk/kqfud
gh ;g 'krZ yxk nh fd vFkZO;oLFkk ds fLFkjhdj.k ds fy,             rduhdh iz.kkyh ls gSA6 chihvks lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa oS’ohdj.k
ges O;kid vkfFkZd lq/kkj viukus gksaxsA dkaxzsl ¼bZ½ ljdkj        ds foLrkj dk vk/kqfud :i gSA oLrqr% blesa fdlh O;kolkf;d
us 21 twu 1991 dks lŸkk laHkkyus ds i’pkr~ cgqr ls                izfr"Bku }kjk vius ekun.Mks dks cuk;s j[krs gq, lwpuk
fLFkjhdj.k laca/kh mik;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh rkfd vkUrfjd ,oa       izkS|ksfxdh vk/kkfjr fØ;kvksa dk lEiknu Bsds ij ckgjh
fons’kh fo’okl dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsA ;gha ls Hkkjrh;             iznkrkvksa ls djok;k tkrk gSA vkmVlksflZax esa ,d rjQ
vFkZO;oLFkk esa mnkjhdj.k] fuftdj.k rFkk oS’ohdj.k ¼,y-           tgka dk;Z fu"iknu dh xq.koRrk vifjofrZr jgrh gS ogh
ih-th-½ dh izfØ;k izkjaHk gqbZA2 uCcs ds n’kd esa Hkkjr dh        fu"iknu ykxr esa vPNh [kklh dVkSrh gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa
MkekMksy gksrh vFkZO;oLFkk esa tc ,y-ih-th- dk bZa/ku Qwadk       chihvks dh 'kq:vkr esfMdy VªkalfØI’ku ds rkSj ij izkjaHk
x;k rks 'kh?kz gh ;g iqu% iVjh ij vk xbZ rFkk rsth ls             gqbZ Fkh fdUrq vkt chihvks dk izlkj dkWy lasVj] cSafdax
jQrkj idM+us yxhA 1991 ls 'kq: gq, bu vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa           izkslsl vkmVlksflZax] yhxy izkslsl vkmVlksflZax] fjlpZ izkslsl
us vFkZO;oLFkk ds izR;sd {ks= dks izHkkfor fd;kA                  vkmVlksflZax bR;kfn rd gks x;k gSA chihvks lEiw.kZ fo’o
      lu~ 2006&07 dks lekIr gq, foRrh; o"kZ esa Hkkjr dh          ds fy, ,d ykHkdkjh vo/kkj.kk gSA blls tgka iwath iz/kku
vFkZO;oLFkk esa lsok {ks= dk ;ksxnku 55 izfr’kr rFkk d`f"k {ks=   ns’k de ykxr esa vius dk;Z fu"ikfnr djok ikrs gS ogha
dk ;ksxnku ek= 18-5 izfr’kr FkkA3 foRrh; o"kZ 2007&08 ds          nwljh rjQ Hkkjr tSls fodkl’khy ns’k ftuesa f’kf{kr
dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu ds vfxze vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj               csjkstxkjh dh vf/kdrk gS] viuh csjkstxkjh nj dks ?kVkus esa
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa lsok {ks= dk ;ksxnku 57 izfr’kr rFkk         lQy gksrs gSA
d`f"k ,oa vU; lacaf/kr {ks=ksa dk ;ksxnku ek= 17-1 izfr’kr               lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,ao chihvks {ks= esa gekjh fo’kky
FkkA4 bl izdkj Li"V gS fd vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa us Hkkjrh;            tula[;k vusd vFkksZ esa gekjh lcls cM+h iwath fl) gqbZ gSA
vFkZO;oLFkk dks O;kid rkSj ij izHkkfor fd;k rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk      izfl) tulkaf[;dfon ,-vkj-uank ds vuqlkj Hkkjr o"kZ
dk lEiw.kZ Lo:i gh 1991 ds i’pkr~ ifjofrZr gks x;kA               2020 rd iwjs lalkj esa lcls vf/kd dkexkjksa dk lcls
vFkZO;oLFkk ds lsok {ks= dk Hkh xgu fo’ys"k.k fd;k tk;s rks       vf/kd ;qok jk"Vª cu tk;sxkA7 Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
;g Kkr gksrk gS fd lsok {ks= dh bl rst mM+ku esa lokZf/kd         tfur lsokvksa ¼vkbZVhbZ,l½ ,oa chihvks esa jkstxkj ikus okyksa
;ksxnku lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= ¼ fctusl izkslsl       dh la[;k 1999&2000 ds 2]48]000 ls c<+dj 2005&06 esa
vkmVlksflZax½ dk gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh {ks= essa ijEijkxr         12]87]000 gks x;hA 2005&06 esa blls 2]30]000 dh c<+ksrjh
                        * ‡ÊÊœ ¿UÊòÊ √ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ Áfl÷ʪ, ⁄UÊ¡SÕÊŸ Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ, ¡ÿ¬È⁄U
98      ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

gqbZ gSA blds vykok Hkkjrh; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok               deZpkfj;ksa dks vf/kdka’kr% jkr dh ikjh essa 12 ls 14 ?kaVs rd
{ks= 30 yk[k vfrfjDr jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus esa                    dk;Z djuk gksrk gSA bu deZpkfj;ksa dks ckSf)d ,oa 'kkjhfjd
lgk;d gksxkA8                                                         Je ds lkFk lkFk HkkoukRed Je Hkh djuk iM+rk gS vFkkZr~
        Hkkjr ds lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok&chihvks cktkj esa        bUgsa dk;Z djrs le; xzkgd larqf"V ds fy, dqN fo’ks"k Hkko
fjdkMZ o`f) gks jgh gS] vDlj ;g 50 izfr’kr okf"kZd ls Hkh             izdV djus gksrs gS tSls lnSo 'kkyhurkiwodZ /khes Loj esa ckr
vf/kd gksrh gSA o"kZ 2004&05 ds nkSjku bl m|ksx us yxHkx              djuk] Lo;a dks izlUu izdV djuk] ckrphr esa chp&chp esa
5 vjc 80 djksM+ Mkyj dk jktLo vftZr dj 44-4 izfr’kr                   eqLdqjkuk bR;kfnA deZpkfj;ksa dks xzkgd jk"Vª ds ygts esa gh
dh o`f) ntZ dh gSA9 bl izdkj Li"V gS fd lwpuk                         vaxzsth dk mPpkj.k djuk gksrk gSA dbZ ckj bUgsa xzkgdksa dh
izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= us Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks ubZ          xkfy;ka rFkk uLyh; fVIif.k;ka Hkh pqipki lquuh iM+rh gSA
fn’kk,sa iznku dh gSA fdUrq uCcs ds n’kd esa 'kq: gq, bu              bu lc foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k deZpkfj;kssa esa xgu
vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk izHkko Hkkjr dh Je lajpuk ij Hkh iM+kA           ekufld ruko ik;k tkrk gSA buesa Fkdku] vfunzk] cSpsuh]
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,ao chihvks {ks= dh bl maph mM+ku us                fujk’kk] fpM+fpM+kiu tSls y{k.k ns[ks tkrs gsA bl izdkj
vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds {ks= esa fopkjdksa dks iqu% fparu djus ij      gekjs ns’k dk ,d cM+k f’kf{kr ;qok oxZ ftl ij gekjs ns’k
foo’k dj fn;kA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Z                dk Hkfo"; fVdk gS xgu ruko ls ihfM+r gSA ;g gekjs Hkfo";
djus okys deZpkjh Jfed la?kks ds izfr dksbZ fo’ks"k :fp ugha          ds fy, vPNk ladsr ugha gSA deZpkjh la?kks ds leFkZd ekurs
j[krs gSA fdUrq fiNys dqN o"kksZ ls ;s ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd          gS fd bu la?kksa ds fuekZ.k }kjk os deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, vPNh
;s {ks= okLro esa mruk vPNk ugha gS ftruk eueksgd ;g                  dk;Zn’kk;sa lqfuf’pr djok ldsaxsA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa
nwj ls utj vkrk gSA ;gk¡ mPp osru ds cnys deZpkfj;ksa ls              chihvks dEifu;ksa esa Je dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku Hkh ,d izeq[k
dBksj dke fy;k tkrk gS rFkk mudk 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld                  eqn~nk gSA ;s daifu;ka u rks jk"Vªh; Je dkuwuksa dh ikyuk dj
'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA                                                jgh gS vkSj u gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu ds fn’kkfunsZ’kksa dks
        Jfed Lo;a dks ,d Jfed la?k esa laxfBr D;ksa djrs              viuk jgh gSA bu daifu;ksa esa ekr`Ro vf/kfu;e dk mYya?ku
gS  ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ iz’u gSA okLro esa ,d Jfed vusd                  fd;k tkrk gSA efgyk deZpkfj;ksa ls nsj jkr rd dk;Z
dkj.kksa ls fdlh Jfed la?k esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA Jfed la?k             djok;k tkrk gSA u rks bu laxBuksa esa dk;Z ds vf/kdre ?kaVs
dke ;k jkstxkj esa yxs gq, O;fDr;ksa }kjk dk;e fd, tkus               fu/kkZfjr gS vkSj u gh U;wure osruA deZpkfj;ksa dks yxkrkj
okys os laxBu gksrs gS tks mudh n’kkvksa esa lq/kkj djrs gS ,oa       jkr dh ikfj;ksa esa 12 ?kaVs ls Hkh vf/kd dk;Z djus ds fy,
muesa ,d csgrj thou dh bPNk dks vkxs c<+krs gSA10 fczfV’k             foo’k fd;k tkrk gSA vksojVkbe ds fy, Hkh dksbZ vfrfjDr
VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl us Je la?kksa ds mn~ns’; laca/kh fopkjksa dks     Hkqxrku ugha fd;k tkrk gSA deZpkjh la?kks ds leFkZd ekurs
rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk gS11 %& i- etnwjh fu/kkZj.k ,oa mlesa lq/kkj]   gS fd deZpkjh la?k bu lHkh ckrksa dks cnyok ldrs gS] ;s
dk;Z ds ?kaVksa ,oa dk;Z dh n’kkvksas dk fu/kkZj.k ,oa lq/kkj         la?k ckrphr rFkk lkSnsckth }kjk dk;Z ds vf/kdre ?kaVs]
okLrfod jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f) ds iz;kl rFkk c<+h gqbZ jk"Vªh;          U;wure osru] vksojVkbe] Hkfo"; fuf/k] xzsP;wVh] lkekftd
vk; ds QyLo:i Jfedksa dks viuk c<+k gqvk Hkkx fnykus                  lqj{kk] Je dkuwuksa bR;kfn ls lacaf/kr izko/kkuksa dks ykxw djok
dk iz;kl djukA ii- Jfedksa ds fy, miyC/k voljksa dks                  ldrs gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks deZpkfj;ksa ds fy,
izkIr djukA Je la?kksa dk mn~ns’; iw.kZ jkstxkj dh n’kk,sa            lqj{kk ,d egRoiw.kZ fpark gSA fiNys fnuksa egkuxjksa esa chihvks
izkIr djuk gksrk gSA iii Zekj- izR;sd Je la?k Jfedksa esa viuk        deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk ?kfVr gR;k] ywVikV] NsM+NkM+ rFkk
izHkko O;kid cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA blds fy, os                      cykRdkj dh ?kVukvksa us iwjs lekt dks LrC/k dj fn;k gSA
Jfedksa dks izcU/k esa lgHkkfxrk fnykus dk iz;kl djrk gSA             izk;% ;s daifu;k jkr dh ikjh esa dk;ZLFky ij deZpkfj;ksa dh
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?khdj.k dh           lqj{kk rFkk jkr esa mUgsa lqjf{kr ?kj igqapkus ds fy, cgqr gh
ekax us ns’k esa bu la?kks dh O;kogkfjdrk ,oa mi;qDrrk ij             <hys bartke viukrh gSA ;s daifu;ka lqj{kk ij [kpZ dks
,d ubZ cgl NsM+ nh gSA                                                c<+kdj vius ykHk esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh deh Lohdkj djus
        i{k esa rdZ& lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Zjr        dks rS;kj ugha gSA deZpkjh la?k bl ckr dks lqfuf’pr djok
deZpkjh] fofHkUu jk"Vªh; Je la?k rFkk vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k                ldrs gS fd jkr dh ikjh esa dk;ZLFky ij i;kZIr lqja{kk
fopkjd bR;kfn bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk ds i{k           bartke gks rFkk deZpkjh dks lqjf{kr ?kj igqapkus dh Hkh
esa dbZ Bksl rdZ izLrqr djrs gS tks fd fuEufyf[kr gS %&               i;kZIr O;oLFkk gksA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa efgyk
bl {ks= esa deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Zn’kk;sa cgqr gh izfrdwy gS             deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd fparktud gSA efgyk
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)                                                         99


mRihM+u ds jkst u,&u, ekeys bu daifu;ksa esa ns[kus dks                                     yxHkx 30 izfr’kr gSA daifu;ka deZpkfj;ksa dks cuk, j[kus
feyrs gSA bu daifu;ksa esa efgyk mRihM+u jksdus rFkk mldh                                   ds fy, Lo;a gh u,&u, izksRlkgu iSdst ?kksf"kr dj jgh gSA
tksa dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd fparktud gSA efgyk                                        vr% bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk vO;ogkfjd gSA
mRiM+u ds jkst u, u, ekeys w.kZ fpark gSA fiNys fnuksa                                      lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa Hkkjr dh lQyrk dk jgL;
egkuxjksa esa chihvks deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFap iM+rky djus ds                                   fuEu ifjpkyu ykxr esa fNik gSA Hkkjr esa deZpkjh la?kks dks
fy, dksbZ izHkkoh O;oLFkk ugha gSA mPpre U;k;ky; us 13                                      gM+rky dk i;kZ; ekuk tkrk gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks
vxLr 1997 dks folk[kk vkSj vU; cuke~ jktLFkku ljdkj                                         {ks= esa gM+rky tSlh izo`fRr;ka bl {ks= dh dk;Zdq’kyrk
o vU; ds ekeys esa fn, x, vius ,sfrgkfld QSlys esa dke                                      ?kVk;sxh rFkk ykxr esa o`f) djsxhA phu] czkthy] feJ]
ds LFkku ij efgykvksa dk ;kSu mRihM+u jksdus ds fy,                                         baMksusf’k;k] tSls ns’k igys gh bl {ks= esa Hkkjr ds fy,
O;kid fn’kk&funsZ’k fu/kkZfjr fd, FksA bu fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dks                              Hkfo"; dk fljnnZ lkfcr gks jgs gSA gM+rky tSlh xSj
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 141 ds vUrxZr dkuwuh rkdr Hkh izkIr                                     mRiknd xfrfof/k;ka Hkkjr dh vUrjkZ”Vªh; izfrLi)kZRed
gSA12 bu fn’kk funsZ’kksa ds rgr dk;kZy; ,oa dk;ZLFkyksa ij                                 'kfDr dks ?kVk nsxhA vr% deZpkjh la?kks dks bl {ks= ls nwj
;kSu mRihM+u dks ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dk guu djkj fn;k x;k                                     gh jguk pkfg,A Hkkjr esa izR;sd Je la?k fdlh u fdlh
gSA13 bu fn’kk funsZ’kksa esa mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd                                    jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k
izR;sd laLFkku esa ¼pkgs og lkoZtfud gks ;k futh½ efgykvksa                                 Hkktik ls] bafM;u us’kuy VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl ¼baVd½ dkaxzsl
ds mRihM+u ds ekeyksa dh tkap iM+rky ds fy, ,d lfefr                                        ls] lsaVj vkWQ bafM;u VªsM ;wfua;l ¼lhVw½ ekdik ls rFkk
dk;Zjr gksuh pkfg,A fdUrq lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks daifu;ksa                               yscj izksxzsflo ÝaV ¼,y-ih-,Q½ Mh,eds ls lac) gSA Jfed
esa 'kk;n gh ,slh dksbZ lfefr orZeku esa dk;Zjr gSA deZpkjh                                 usrkvksa us Je la?kks dks jktuhfr dh eq[; /kkjk esa izos’k dk
la?kksa ds leFkZd ekurs gS fd la?kksa dh mifLFkfr ls ,slh                                   ek/;e cuk fy;k gSA ftlls bldh dk;Zdq’kyrk fuf’pr
lfefr;ka LFkkfir dh tk ldsxh rFkk efgyk mRihM+u dh                                          rkSj ij foijhr :i ls izHkkfor gksxhA vr% bl {ks= esa
f’kdk;rksa dk 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k gks ldsxkA                                                    deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk O;kogkfjd ugha gSA bl izdkj
        foi{k esa rdZ&dqN vkS|ksfxd laca/k fopkjd rFkk                                      var esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa dk ,d                                 chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk rFkk O;okgkfjdrk
cM+k oxZ bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh vko’;drk dks xSj                                    vkS|ksfxdh laca/kksa ds {ks= esa fopkj dk ,d Toyar fooknkLin
t:jh djkj nsrk gSA ;s yksx bl lanHkZ esa vius dqN Bksl                                      eqn~nk gSA blds i{k ,oa foi{k nksukssa gh {ks=ksa esa izHkkoh ,oa
rdZ izLrqr djrs gS tks fuEufyf[kr gS %& bl {ks= esa dk;Z                                    O;kogkfjd rdZ izLrqr fd, tkrs gSA fdUrq reke rdZ&fordZ
djus okys deZpkjh vis{kkd`r mPp f’kf{kr gksrs gS rFkk ;s                                    ds ckotwn Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh
vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d gksrs gSA budh rqyuk                                          la?kksa dh LFkkiuk izkjaHk gks pqdh gSA lhVw us uoECkj 2006 esa
fofuekZ.k {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys vYi f’kf{kr Jfed oxZ ls                                   if’pe caxky esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh deZpkfhd esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
ugha dh tk ldrh gSA ;s deZpkjh vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr                                      xdh chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk izkjaHk gks pqdh
Lo;a tkx:d jgrs gS vr% ;gak deZpkjh la?kksa ds fuekZ.k dh                                   gSA lhVw us uogSA reke rdksZ ds j;ksa ds fy, lcls igyk
vko’;drk ugha gSA deZpkjh la?kksa dh t:jr ,sls {ks= esa                                     la?k ^^if’pe caxky lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh laxBu^^ LFkkfir dj
gksrh gS tgka Jfed vf’kf{kr gks rFkk muesa vius vf/kdkjksa                                  fn;k gSA orZeku esa bl {ks= esa dk;Zjr Hkkjr ds fxus pqus Je
ds izfr tkx:drk dk vHkko gksA                                                               laxBuksa dh dk;Z iz.kkyh rFkk bUgsa feyus okyk leFkZu ,oa
        lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh iwfrZ ekax dh                            lQyrk gh ;g r; djsxk fd Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr esa lwpuk
rqyuk esa cgqr de gSA bl {ks= esa deZpkjh vkorZu dh nj                                      izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk
                                                                                            O;kogkfjd ,oa lkFkZd gksxh vFkok ughaA
‚ãŒ÷¸                                 ª˝ ã Õ
1- feJ] iqjh ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk^^] fgeky;k ifCyf’kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] 2008A 2- :nz nŸk] ds-ih-,e- lqUnje ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk^^] ,l pUn ,.M dEiuh fy- ubZ fnYyh] 2006A 3- vkfFkZd
leh{kk 2006&07] vkfFkZd izHkkx] foŸk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2007A 4- izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k lelkef;d okf"kZdh 2009 oksY;we&2] vkxjk] 2009A 5- latho dqekj] ^^vkmVlksflZax
,aM vkmV’kksfjax % lwpuk rduhd ds vUrjkZ”Vªh; vk;ke^^] flfoy lfoZlst Økfudy] vxLr 2006] fnYyhA 6- MkW- ;w-lh-vxzoky ^^vkmVlksflZax vo/kkj.kk vkSj vk;ke^^] izfr;ksfxrk
niZ.k vxLr 2004] vkxjkA 7- gjh’k fctwj ^^la[;k 'kfDr gS gekjh^^] ;kstuk] izdk’ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj] vDVwcj 2005] ubZ fnYyhA 8- Hkkjr 2009] izdk’ku foHkkx]
lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2009A 9- fdj.k dkf.kZd ^^ Hkkjr dh lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok&chihvks ifjn‘’; 2010^^;kstuk] izdk’ku foHkkx lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k
ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj ubZ fnYyh] vDVwcj 2005A 10- Mk- Vh-,u-Hkxksyhoky ^^Je vFkZ’kkL= ,oa vkS|ksfxd laca/k^^ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyds’kUl] vkxjk] 2006A 11- oh-lh-flUgk ,oa iq”ik flUgk ^^Je
vFkZ’kkL=^^ e;wj iSijcSDl] uks,Mk] 2001A 12- Hkkjr 2008] izdk’ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2008A 13- MkW- ch-ds-xqIrk ^^efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dk ;FkkFkZ
¼lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd i{k½^^ izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k] vkxjk] fnlEcj 2005A

More Related Content

What's hot

ENC Times-November 28,2016
ENC Times-November 28,2016ENC Times-November 28,2016
ENC Times-November 28,2016ENC
 
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014 द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014 jaiparkash bhardwaj
 
ENC Times-September 10,2016
ENC Times-September 10,2016ENC Times-September 10,2016
ENC Times-September 10,2016ENC
 
Vanchit janta november 2014
Vanchit janta november 2014Vanchit janta november 2014
Vanchit janta november 2014jagdish lal
 
ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017ENC
 
ENC Times-April 07,2017
ENC Times-April 07,2017ENC Times-April 07,2017
ENC Times-April 07,2017ENC
 
Enc Times- October 04,2016
Enc Times- October 04,2016Enc Times- October 04,2016
Enc Times- October 04,2016ENC
 
ENC Times- July 21,2016
ENC Times- July 21,2016ENC Times- July 21,2016
ENC Times- July 21,2016ENC
 
Lamahi april june 2014
Lamahi april june 2014Lamahi april june 2014
Lamahi april june 2014Lamahi Patrika
 
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In HindiSSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindikusumafoundation
 
ENC Times- July 17,2016
ENC Times- July 17,2016ENC Times- July 17,2016
ENC Times- July 17,2016ENC
 
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions Om Verma
 
Bhojan our sayasthya
Bhojan our sayasthyaBhojan our sayasthya
Bhojan our sayasthyaarya Rathore
 
ENC Times-December 01,2016
ENC Times-December 01,2016ENC Times-December 01,2016
ENC Times-December 01,2016ENC
 

What's hot (20)

ENC Times-November 28,2016
ENC Times-November 28,2016ENC Times-November 28,2016
ENC Times-November 28,2016
 
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014 द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014
द वैदिक टाइम्स जुलाई अंक 2014
 
123 125
123 125123 125
123 125
 
ENC Times-September 10,2016
ENC Times-September 10,2016ENC Times-September 10,2016
ENC Times-September 10,2016
 
जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अक्टूबर 2009)
 जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अक्टूबर 2009) जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अक्टूबर 2009)
जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अक्टूबर 2009)
 
Vanchit janta november 2014
Vanchit janta november 2014Vanchit janta november 2014
Vanchit janta november 2014
 
ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017
 
ENC Times-April 07,2017
ENC Times-April 07,2017ENC Times-April 07,2017
ENC Times-April 07,2017
 
जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अप्रैल 2007 ) पेज नं. पांच से आठ
जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अप्रैल 2007 ) पेज नं. पांच से आठ जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अप्रैल 2007 ) पेज नं. पांच से आठ
जीवन का लक्ष्य ( 1-15 अप्रैल 2007 ) पेज नं. पांच से आठ
 
Enc Times- October 04,2016
Enc Times- October 04,2016Enc Times- October 04,2016
Enc Times- October 04,2016
 
ENC Times- July 21,2016
ENC Times- July 21,2016ENC Times- July 21,2016
ENC Times- July 21,2016
 
Lamahi april june 2014
Lamahi april june 2014Lamahi april june 2014
Lamahi april june 2014
 
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In HindiSSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Social Science Class 9 - In Hindi
 
ENC Times- July 17,2016
ENC Times- July 17,2016ENC Times- July 17,2016
ENC Times- July 17,2016
 
Uphar
UpharUphar
Uphar
 
Lok kala
Lok kala   Lok kala
Lok kala
 
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions
Budwig Protocol - Frequently asked questions
 
Bhojan our sayasthya
Bhojan our sayasthyaBhojan our sayasthya
Bhojan our sayasthya
 
119 120
119 120119 120
119 120
 
ENC Times-December 01,2016
ENC Times-December 01,2016ENC Times-December 01,2016
ENC Times-December 01,2016
 

Viewers also liked (9)

RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATIONRESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
 
113 115
113 115113 115
113 115
 
4 7
4 74 7
4 7
 
175 177
175 177175 177
175 177
 
33 37
33 3733 37
33 37
 
6 8
6 86 8
6 8
 
22 25
22 2522 25
22 25
 
33 35
33 3533 35
33 35
 
82 84
82 8482 84
82 84
 

More from INTERNATIONAL INDEXED,REFERRED,MULTILINGUAL,INTERDISCIPLINARY, MONTHLY RESEARCH JOURNAL

More from INTERNATIONAL INDEXED,REFERRED,MULTILINGUAL,INTERDISCIPLINARY, MONTHLY RESEARCH JOURNAL (20)

Effect of Pesticide 'Companion' on the Nutritional Composition and Certain Me...
Effect of Pesticide 'Companion' on the Nutritional Composition and Certain Me...Effect of Pesticide 'Companion' on the Nutritional Composition and Certain Me...
Effect of Pesticide 'Companion' on the Nutritional Composition and Certain Me...
 
The Geo-Strategic Significance of Afghanistan : From The Past to The Present...
The Geo-Strategic Significance of Afghanistan :  From The Past to The Present...The Geo-Strategic Significance of Afghanistan :  From The Past to The Present...
The Geo-Strategic Significance of Afghanistan : From The Past to The Present...
 
Acculturation And Diasporic Influence In Uma Parmeswaran's "What Was Always H...
Acculturation And Diasporic Influence In Uma Parmeswaran's "What Was Always H...Acculturation And Diasporic Influence In Uma Parmeswaran's "What Was Always H...
Acculturation And Diasporic Influence In Uma Parmeswaran's "What Was Always H...
 
Goel-INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
Goel-INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERGoel-INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
Goel-INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPERINTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 

97 99

  • 1. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 97 ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚ÍøŸÊ ¬˝ÊÒlÊÁª∑§Ë ∞fl¢ ’Ë¬Ë•Ê ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ∑§◊¸øÊ⁄UË ‚¢ÉÊÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÊÕ¸∑§ÃÊ *«UÊÚ. ⁄UÁfl‡Ê ∑ȧ◊Ê⁄U ‡Ê◊ʸ ‡ÊÊœ¬òÊ-√ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ uCcs ds n’kd ds izkjafEHkd o"kZ Hkkjr ds bfrgkl essa lnSo fØ;kdyki tSls lk¶Vos;j MoyiesV] osc fMtkbZfuax] ,uhes’ku a ;kn j[ks tk;saxsA ;s og o"kZ Fks tc Hkkjr xgu vkfFkZd ladV bR;kfn rks Hkkjr esa dq’kyrkiwodZ lEiUu fd, gh tk jgs gSA esa Qalk gqvk FkkA vusd vFkZ’kkfL=;ksa ds vuqlkj Lora=rk fdUrq vktdy blesa ,d ubZ ladYiuk vkSj tqM+h gS ftls feyus ds le; ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;g lcls xaHkhj chihvks vFkkZr fctusl izkslsl vkmVlksflZax dgrs gSA lsokvksa vkfFkZd ladV FkkA1 Hkkjr dks xaHkhj Hkqxrku vlarqyu dh dh vkmVlksflZax ,d vk/kqfud ladYiuk gS tks lu~ 2001 ls fLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk FkkA bl le; geus fo’o 'kq: gqbZ gSA5 vkmVlksflZax 'kCn tks lkekU; rkSj ij vke cSad ,oa vUrjkZ”Vªh; eqnzk dks"k tSlh oSf’od foRrh; laLFkkvksa cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa fctusl izkslsl vkmVlksflZax ¼chihvks½ ls vkfFkZd lgk;rk izkIr djus gsrq izkFkZuk dhA bu laLFkkvksa ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS dk rkRi;Z fdlh ckgjh L=ksr us Hkkjr dks lgk;rk nsuk rks Lohdkj dj fy;k fdUrq lkFk ls Bsds ij oLrq,sa ;k lsok;sa izkIr djus dh ,d vk/kqfud gh ;g 'krZ yxk nh fd vFkZO;oLFkk ds fLFkjhdj.k ds fy, rduhdh iz.kkyh ls gSA6 chihvks lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa oS’ohdj.k ges O;kid vkfFkZd lq/kkj viukus gksaxsA dkaxzsl ¼bZ½ ljdkj ds foLrkj dk vk/kqfud :i gSA oLrqr% blesa fdlh O;kolkf;d us 21 twu 1991 dks lŸkk laHkkyus ds i’pkr~ cgqr ls izfr"Bku }kjk vius ekun.Mks dks cuk;s j[krs gq, lwpuk fLFkjhdj.k laca/kh mik;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh rkfd vkUrfjd ,oa izkS|ksfxdh vk/kkfjr fØ;kvksa dk lEiknu Bsds ij ckgjh fons’kh fo’okl dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsA ;gha ls Hkkjrh; iznkrkvksa ls djok;k tkrk gSA vkmVlksflZax esa ,d rjQ vFkZO;oLFkk esa mnkjhdj.k] fuftdj.k rFkk oS’ohdj.k ¼,y- tgka dk;Z fu"iknu dh xq.koRrk vifjofrZr jgrh gS ogh ih-th-½ dh izfØ;k izkjaHk gqbZA2 uCcs ds n’kd esa Hkkjr dh fu"iknu ykxr esa vPNh [kklh dVkSrh gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa MkekMksy gksrh vFkZO;oLFkk esa tc ,y-ih-th- dk bZa/ku Qwadk chihvks dh 'kq:vkr esfMdy VªkalfØI’ku ds rkSj ij izkjaHk x;k rks 'kh?kz gh ;g iqu% iVjh ij vk xbZ rFkk rsth ls gqbZ Fkh fdUrq vkt chihvks dk izlkj dkWy lasVj] cSafdax jQrkj idM+us yxhA 1991 ls 'kq: gq, bu vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa izkslsl vkmVlksflZax] yhxy izkslsl vkmVlksflZax] fjlpZ izkslsl us vFkZO;oLFkk ds izR;sd {ks= dks izHkkfor fd;kA vkmVlksflZax bR;kfn rd gks x;k gSA chihvks lEiw.kZ fo’o lu~ 2006&07 dks lekIr gq, foRrh; o"kZ esa Hkkjr dh ds fy, ,d ykHkdkjh vo/kkj.kk gSA blls tgka iwath iz/kku vFkZO;oLFkk esa lsok {ks= dk ;ksxnku 55 izfr’kr rFkk d`f"k {ks= ns’k de ykxr esa vius dk;Z fu"ikfnr djok ikrs gS ogha dk ;ksxnku ek= 18-5 izfr’kr FkkA3 foRrh; o"kZ 2007&08 ds nwljh rjQ Hkkjr tSls fodkl’khy ns’k ftuesa f’kf{kr dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu ds vfxze vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj csjkstxkjh dh vf/kdrk gS] viuh csjkstxkjh nj dks ?kVkus esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa lsok {ks= dk ;ksxnku 57 izfr’kr rFkk lQy gksrs gSA d`f"k ,oa vU; lacaf/kr {ks=ksa dk ;ksxnku ek= 17-1 izfr’kr lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,ao chihvks {ks= esa gekjh fo’kky FkkA4 bl izdkj Li"V gS fd vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa us Hkkjrh; tula[;k vusd vFkksZ esa gekjh lcls cM+h iwath fl) gqbZ gSA vFkZO;oLFkk dks O;kid rkSj ij izHkkfor fd;k rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk izfl) tulkaf[;dfon ,-vkj-uank ds vuqlkj Hkkjr o"kZ dk lEiw.kZ Lo:i gh 1991 ds i’pkr~ ifjofrZr gks x;kA 2020 rd iwjs lalkj esa lcls vf/kd dkexkjksa dk lcls vFkZO;oLFkk ds lsok {ks= dk Hkh xgu fo’ys"k.k fd;k tk;s rks vf/kd ;qok jk"Vª cu tk;sxkA7 Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd lsok {ks= dh bl rst mM+ku esa lokZf/kd tfur lsokvksa ¼vkbZVhbZ,l½ ,oa chihvks esa jkstxkj ikus okyksa ;ksxnku lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= ¼ fctusl izkslsl dh la[;k 1999&2000 ds 2]48]000 ls c<+dj 2005&06 esa vkmVlksflZax½ dk gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh {ks= essa ijEijkxr 12]87]000 gks x;hA 2005&06 esa blls 2]30]000 dh c<+ksrjh * ‡ÊÊœ ¿UÊòÊ √ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ Áfl÷ʪ, ⁄UÊ¡SÕÊŸ Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ, ¡ÿ¬È⁄U
  • 2. 98 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) gqbZ gSA blds vykok Hkkjrh; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok deZpkfj;ksa dks vf/kdka’kr% jkr dh ikjh essa 12 ls 14 ?kaVs rd {ks= 30 yk[k vfrfjDr jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus esa dk;Z djuk gksrk gSA bu deZpkfj;ksa dks ckSf)d ,oa 'kkjhfjd lgk;d gksxkA8 Je ds lkFk lkFk HkkoukRed Je Hkh djuk iM+rk gS vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ds lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok&chihvks cktkj esa bUgsa dk;Z djrs le; xzkgd larqf"V ds fy, dqN fo’ks"k Hkko fjdkMZ o`f) gks jgh gS] vDlj ;g 50 izfr’kr okf"kZd ls Hkh izdV djus gksrs gS tSls lnSo 'kkyhurkiwodZ /khes Loj esa ckr vf/kd gksrh gSA o"kZ 2004&05 ds nkSjku bl m|ksx us yxHkx djuk] Lo;a dks izlUu izdV djuk] ckrphr esa chp&chp esa 5 vjc 80 djksM+ Mkyj dk jktLo vftZr dj 44-4 izfr’kr eqLdqjkuk bR;kfnA deZpkfj;ksa dks xzkgd jk"Vª ds ygts esa gh dh o`f) ntZ dh gSA9 bl izdkj Li"V gS fd lwpuk vaxzsth dk mPpkj.k djuk gksrk gSA dbZ ckj bUgsa xzkgdksa dh izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= us Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks ubZ xkfy;ka rFkk uLyh; fVIif.k;ka Hkh pqipki lquuh iM+rh gSA fn’kk,sa iznku dh gSA fdUrq uCcs ds n’kd esa 'kq: gq, bu bu lc foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k deZpkfj;kssa esa xgu vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk izHkko Hkkjr dh Je lajpuk ij Hkh iM+kA ekufld ruko ik;k tkrk gSA buesa Fkdku] vfunzk] cSpsuh] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,ao chihvks {ks= dh bl maph mM+ku us fujk’kk] fpM+fpM+kiu tSls y{k.k ns[ks tkrs gsA bl izdkj vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds {ks= esa fopkjdksa dks iqu% fparu djus ij gekjs ns’k dk ,d cM+k f’kf{kr ;qok oxZ ftl ij gekjs ns’k foo’k dj fn;kA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Z dk Hkfo"; fVdk gS xgu ruko ls ihfM+r gSA ;g gekjs Hkfo"; djus okys deZpkjh Jfed la?kks ds izfr dksbZ fo’ks"k :fp ugha ds fy, vPNk ladsr ugha gSA deZpkjh la?kks ds leFkZd ekurs j[krs gSA fdUrq fiNys dqN o"kksZ ls ;s ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd gS fd bu la?kksa ds fuekZ.k }kjk os deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, vPNh ;s {ks= okLro esa mruk vPNk ugha gS ftruk eueksgd ;g dk;Zn’kk;sa lqfuf’pr djok ldsaxsA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa nwj ls utj vkrk gSA ;gk¡ mPp osru ds cnys deZpkfj;ksa ls chihvks dEifu;ksa esa Je dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku Hkh ,d izeq[k dBksj dke fy;k tkrk gS rFkk mudk 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld eqn~nk gSA ;s daifu;ka u rks jk"Vªh; Je dkuwuksa dh ikyuk dj 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA jgh gS vkSj u gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu ds fn’kkfunsZ’kksa dks Jfed Lo;a dks ,d Jfed la?k esa laxfBr D;ksa djrs viuk jgh gSA bu daifu;ksa esa ekr`Ro vf/kfu;e dk mYya?ku gS ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ iz’u gSA okLro esa ,d Jfed vusd fd;k tkrk gSA efgyk deZpkfj;ksa ls nsj jkr rd dk;Z dkj.kksa ls fdlh Jfed la?k esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA Jfed la?k djok;k tkrk gSA u rks bu laxBuksa esa dk;Z ds vf/kdre ?kaVs dke ;k jkstxkj esa yxs gq, O;fDr;ksa }kjk dk;e fd, tkus fu/kkZfjr gS vkSj u gh U;wure osruA deZpkfj;ksa dks yxkrkj okys os laxBu gksrs gS tks mudh n’kkvksa esa lq/kkj djrs gS ,oa jkr dh ikfj;ksa esa 12 ?kaVs ls Hkh vf/kd dk;Z djus ds fy, muesa ,d csgrj thou dh bPNk dks vkxs c<+krs gSA10 fczfV’k foo’k fd;k tkrk gSA vksojVkbe ds fy, Hkh dksbZ vfrfjDr VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl us Je la?kksa ds mn~ns’; laca/kh fopkjksa dks Hkqxrku ugha fd;k tkrk gSA deZpkjh la?kks ds leFkZd ekurs rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk gS11 %& i- etnwjh fu/kkZj.k ,oa mlesa lq/kkj] gS fd deZpkjh la?k bu lHkh ckrksa dks cnyok ldrs gS] ;s dk;Z ds ?kaVksa ,oa dk;Z dh n’kkvksas dk fu/kkZj.k ,oa lq/kkj la?k ckrphr rFkk lkSnsckth }kjk dk;Z ds vf/kdre ?kaVs] okLrfod jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f) ds iz;kl rFkk c<+h gqbZ jk"Vªh; U;wure osru] vksojVkbe] Hkfo"; fuf/k] xzsP;wVh] lkekftd vk; ds QyLo:i Jfedksa dks viuk c<+k gqvk Hkkx fnykus lqj{kk] Je dkuwuksa bR;kfn ls lacaf/kr izko/kkuksa dks ykxw djok dk iz;kl djukA ii- Jfedksa ds fy, miyC/k voljksa dks ldrs gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, izkIr djukA Je la?kksa dk mn~ns’; iw.kZ jkstxkj dh n’kk,sa lqj{kk ,d egRoiw.kZ fpark gSA fiNys fnuksa egkuxjksa esa chihvks izkIr djuk gksrk gSA iii Zekj- izR;sd Je la?k Jfedksa esa viuk deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk ?kfVr gR;k] ywVikV] NsM+NkM+ rFkk izHkko O;kid cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA blds fy, os cykRdkj dh ?kVukvksa us iwjs lekt dks LrC/k dj fn;k gSA Jfedksa dks izcU/k esa lgHkkfxrk fnykus dk iz;kl djrk gSA izk;% ;s daifu;k jkr dh ikjh esa dk;ZLFky ij deZpkfj;ksa dh lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?khdj.k dh lqj{kk rFkk jkr esa mUgsa lqjf{kr ?kj igqapkus ds fy, cgqr gh ekax us ns’k esa bu la?kks dh O;kogkfjdrk ,oa mi;qDrrk ij <hys bartke viukrh gSA ;s daifu;ka lqj{kk ij [kpZ dks ,d ubZ cgl NsM+ nh gSA c<+kdj vius ykHk esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh deh Lohdkj djus i{k esa rdZ& lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Zjr dks rS;kj ugha gSA deZpkjh la?k bl ckr dks lqfuf’pr djok deZpkjh] fofHkUu jk"Vªh; Je la?k rFkk vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k ldrs gS fd jkr dh ikjh esa dk;ZLFky ij i;kZIr lqja{kk fopkjd bR;kfn bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk ds i{k bartke gks rFkk deZpkjh dks lqjf{kr ?kj igqapkus dh Hkh esa dbZ Bksl rdZ izLrqr djrs gS tks fd fuEufyf[kr gS %& i;kZIr O;oLFkk gksA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa efgyk bl {ks= esa deZpkfj;ksa dh dk;Zn’kk;sa cgqr gh izfrdwy gS deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd fparktud gSA efgyk
  • 3. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 99 mRihM+u ds jkst u,&u, ekeys bu daifu;ksa esa ns[kus dks yxHkx 30 izfr’kr gSA daifu;ka deZpkfj;ksa dks cuk, j[kus feyrs gSA bu daifu;ksa esa efgyk mRihM+u jksdus rFkk mldh ds fy, Lo;a gh u,&u, izksRlkgu iSdst ?kksf"kr dj jgh gSA tksa dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd fparktud gSA efgyk vr% bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk vO;ogkfjd gSA mRiM+u ds jkst u, u, ekeys w.kZ fpark gSA fiNys fnuksa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa Hkkjr dh lQyrk dk jgL; egkuxjksa esa chihvks deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFap iM+rky djus ds fuEu ifjpkyu ykxr esa fNik gSA Hkkjr esa deZpkjh la?kks dks fy, dksbZ izHkkoh O;oLFkk ugha gSA mPpre U;k;ky; us 13 gM+rky dk i;kZ; ekuk tkrk gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks vxLr 1997 dks folk[kk vkSj vU; cuke~ jktLFkku ljdkj {ks= esa gM+rky tSlh izo`fRr;ka bl {ks= dh dk;Zdq’kyrk o vU; ds ekeys esa fn, x, vius ,sfrgkfld QSlys esa dke ?kVk;sxh rFkk ykxr esa o`f) djsxhA phu] czkthy] feJ] ds LFkku ij efgykvksa dk ;kSu mRihM+u jksdus ds fy, baMksusf’k;k] tSls ns’k igys gh bl {ks= esa Hkkjr ds fy, O;kid fn’kk&funsZ’k fu/kkZfjr fd, FksA bu fn’kk&funsZ’kksa dks Hkfo"; dk fljnnZ lkfcr gks jgs gSA gM+rky tSlh xSj lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 141 ds vUrxZr dkuwuh rkdr Hkh izkIr mRiknd xfrfof/k;ka Hkkjr dh vUrjkZ”Vªh; izfrLi)kZRed gSA12 bu fn’kk funsZ’kksa ds rgr dk;kZy; ,oa dk;ZLFkyksa ij 'kfDr dks ?kVk nsxhA vr% deZpkjh la?kks dks bl {ks= ls nwj ;kSu mRihM+u dks ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dk guu djkj fn;k x;k gh jguk pkfg,A Hkkjr esa izR;sd Je la?k fdlh u fdlh gSA13 bu fn’kk funsZ’kksa esa mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k izR;sd laLFkku esa ¼pkgs og lkoZtfud gks ;k futh½ efgykvksa Hkktik ls] bafM;u us’kuy VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl ¼baVd½ dkaxzsl ds mRihM+u ds ekeyksa dh tkap iM+rky ds fy, ,d lfefr ls] lsaVj vkWQ bafM;u VªsM ;wfua;l ¼lhVw½ ekdik ls rFkk dk;Zjr gksuh pkfg,A fdUrq lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks daifu;ksa yscj izksxzsflo ÝaV ¼,y-ih-,Q½ Mh,eds ls lac) gSA Jfed esa 'kk;n gh ,slh dksbZ lfefr orZeku esa dk;Zjr gSA deZpkjh usrkvksa us Je la?kks dks jktuhfr dh eq[; /kkjk esa izos’k dk la?kksa ds leFkZd ekurs gS fd la?kksa dh mifLFkfr ls ,slh ek/;e cuk fy;k gSA ftlls bldh dk;Zdq’kyrk fuf’pr lfefr;ka LFkkfir dh tk ldsxh rFkk efgyk mRihM+u dh rkSj ij foijhr :i ls izHkkfor gksxhA vr% bl {ks= esa f’kdk;rksa dk 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k gks ldsxkA deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk O;kogkfjd ugha gSA bl izdkj foi{k esa rdZ&dqN vkS|ksfxd laca/k fopkjd rFkk var esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa dk ,d chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kks dh LFkkiuk rFkk O;okgkfjdrk cM+k oxZ bl {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh vko’;drk dks xSj vkS|ksfxdh laca/kksa ds {ks= esa fopkj dk ,d Toyar fooknkLin t:jh djkj nsrk gSA ;s yksx bl lanHkZ esa vius dqN Bksl eqn~nk gSA blds i{k ,oa foi{k nksukssa gh {ks=ksa esa izHkkoh ,oa rdZ izLrqr djrs gS tks fuEufyf[kr gS %& bl {ks= esa dk;Z O;kogkfjd rdZ izLrqr fd, tkrs gSA fdUrq reke rdZ&fordZ djus okys deZpkjh vis{kkd`r mPp f’kf{kr gksrs gS rFkk ;s ds ckotwn Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh&chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d gksrs gSA budh rqyuk la?kksa dh LFkkiuk izkjaHk gks pqdh gSA lhVw us uoECkj 2006 esa fofuekZ.k {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys vYi f’kf{kr Jfed oxZ ls if’pe caxky esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh deZpkfhd esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA ;s deZpkjh vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr xdh chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk izkjaHk gks pqdh Lo;a tkx:d jgrs gS vr% ;gak deZpkjh la?kksa ds fuekZ.k dh gSA lhVw us uogSA reke rdksZ ds j;ksa ds fy, lcls igyk vko’;drk ugha gSA deZpkjh la?kksa dh t:jr ,sls {ks= esa la?k ^^if’pe caxky lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh laxBu^^ LFkkfir dj gksrh gS tgka Jfed vf’kf{kr gks rFkk muesa vius vf/kdkjksa fn;k gSA orZeku esa bl {ks= esa dk;Zjr Hkkjr ds fxus pqus Je ds izfr tkx:drk dk vHkko gksA laxBuksa dh dk;Z iz.kkyh rFkk bUgsa feyus okyk leFkZu ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh iwfrZ ekax dh lQyrk gh ;g r; djsxk fd Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr esa lwpuk rqyuk esa cgqr de gSA bl {ks= esa deZpkjh vkorZu dh nj izkS|ksfxdh ,oa chihvks {ks= esa deZpkjh la?kksa dh LFkkiuk O;kogkfjd ,oa lkFkZd gksxh vFkok ughaA ‚ãŒ÷¸ ª˝ ã Õ 1- feJ] iqjh ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk^^] fgeky;k ifCyf’kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] 2008A 2- :nz nŸk] ds-ih-,e- lqUnje ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk^^] ,l pUn ,.M dEiuh fy- ubZ fnYyh] 2006A 3- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2006&07] vkfFkZd izHkkx] foŸk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2007A 4- izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k lelkef;d okf"kZdh 2009 oksY;we&2] vkxjk] 2009A 5- latho dqekj] ^^vkmVlksflZax ,aM vkmV’kksfjax % lwpuk rduhd ds vUrjkZ”Vªh; vk;ke^^] flfoy lfoZlst Økfudy] vxLr 2006] fnYyhA 6- MkW- ;w-lh-vxzoky ^^vkmVlksflZax vo/kkj.kk vkSj vk;ke^^] izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k vxLr 2004] vkxjkA 7- gjh’k fctwj ^^la[;k 'kfDr gS gekjh^^] ;kstuk] izdk’ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj] vDVwcj 2005] ubZ fnYyhA 8- Hkkjr 2009] izdk’ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2009A 9- fdj.k dkf.kZd ^^ Hkkjr dh lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh tfur lsok&chihvks ifjn‘’; 2010^^;kstuk] izdk’ku foHkkx lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj ubZ fnYyh] vDVwcj 2005A 10- Mk- Vh-,u-Hkxksyhoky ^^Je vFkZ’kkL= ,oa vkS|ksfxd laca/k^^ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyds’kUl] vkxjk] 2006A 11- oh-lh-flUgk ,oa iq”ik flUgk ^^Je vFkZ’kkL=^^ e;wj iSijcSDl] uks,Mk] 2001A 12- Hkkjr 2008] izdk’ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2008A 13- MkW- ch-ds-xqIrk ^^efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dk ;FkkFkZ ¼lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd i{k½^^ izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k] vkxjk] fnlEcj 2005A