Plagiarism

1. Plagiarism Kristy Padron, MLIS Instruction & Engagement Librarian FAU Libraries kpadron@fau.edu

2. Objectives: • Describe the importance of ethical behavior in academic settings. • Define plagiarism and its impact in academics. • Outline ways to avoid plagiarism. • Identify examples of plagiarism.

3. Let’s think about past writing assignments… …getting started. …the process. …the thinking. …the feelings. …the time and effort.

4. Academic writing has many intellectual challenges. Students are asked to: …yet also: Choose a topic based on an established concept or what already has been studied. …think outside of the box! Write on or research an original topic. Use expert advice to inform and support their opinions. …compare, disagree, or improve on those expert opinions. Give proper credit to the creators or researchers for using their ideas. …make a significant contribution to the topic. Develop writing skills in order to effectively communicate ideas within a professional community, and do this by building on has been done. …use one’s own voice and words.

5. Writing also takes much time and skill... Develop a Hypothesis Find Sources Integrate & Manage Sources Cite Information Follow Writing Conventions Proofread & Submit …and is essential for communicating and participating in a professional community.

6. Ethical behavior is a foundation of academic work. Examples of where ethics were compromised: • Research: Little Albert Classical Conditioning Experiment (psychology) • Conduct: Larry Nassar (physician) of Michigan State University • Use of Information: Cambridge Analytica (information science) • Publishing & Writing: H. Gilbert Welch (physician) of Dartmouth College Ethics: Standards of conduct or behavior that distinguish what is or is not acceptable.

7. Plagiarism is often used (intentionally or not) as a shortcut... •Demands of Research •The Writing Process •Timelines • …but as members of a professional or academic community, it is our individual responsibility to act ethically in order to maintain an honest, fair, and humane environment.

8. What is Plagiarism? • Anytime anyone uses the work of someone else and passes it off as his or her own. • “Work” in a college setting may be (but is not limited to): • Papers and Writing Assignments • Books or Articles • Facts or Information • Research, Experiments, and Data • Poetry, Music, and Other Creative Works

9. FAU Code of Academic Integrity An outline of academic integrity for students: • Follow the ethical standards to their highest. • Dishonesty is a serious break from ethical standards. • Unethical behavior affects the educational experience that aims to create a level playing field for all students. • Dishonesty harms the academic community, which is based on norms of mutual trust, personal integrity, and individual responsibility. Florida Atlantic University (2016). University regulations: Regulation 4.001. Retrieved from http://www.fau.edu/regulations/

10. FAU Code of Academic Integrity 2B. Plagiarism: 1. The presentation of words from any other source or another person as one’s own without proper quotation and citation. 2. Putting someone else’s ideas or facts into your own words (paraphrasing) without proper citation. 3. Turning in someone else’s work as one’s own, including the buying and selling of term papers or assignments. Florida Atlantic University (2016). University regulations. Retrieved from http://www.fau.edu/regulations/

11. Why Does It Matter? •Academic Integrity & Honesty •General Structure of Research & Transparency •Proper Attribution •Assignment requirements

12. What are the consequences of plagiarism? • In College or a University: • Counseling & advisement • A low grade • Suspension or expulsion • Retraction of published work • At Work: • Disciplinary Action • Job Loss • Damaged Reputation • Lawsuits (and expensive, at that!) In both settings, plagiarism may compromise the integrity and veracity of later works that may (inadvertently) use plagiarized work.

13. General Types of Plagiarism 1. Copying. o Copying and directly pasting content from a source, or multiple sources, onto a work. o Using work written by someone else and passing it off as your own. 2. Self Plagiarism. o Using work originally done for one class (or for publication) and using it in another.

14. 3. Improper Paraphrasing. o Having an attributed idea be worded too similarly to its original work. 4. Incomplete or No Attribution. o Not providing full attribution or credit to the person(s) with the original idea or not commonly known fact. o Not citing a source in the body of a paper or including it in the bibliography. General Types of Plagiarism

15. Deliberate or Accidental Plagiarism •Copying content (without paraphrasing and/or attribution) •Submitting a paper that was not written by the person submitting it. • Copying content (but not remembering its original source) • Not citing properly • Improper paraphrasing • Not distinguishing common knowledge

16. What does not fall under plagiarism? 1. Using common knowledge and basic facts… • Saying or clichés • Facts that are assumed to be known by readers (this depends on audience!) • Easily verified facts

17. What does not fall under plagiarism? …but not all facts are common knowledge: • Facts that surprise you or the reader • Course-specific knowledge • Facts that include statistics or numbers • Using quotes, even if its content is common knowledge.

18. 2. Using ideas from original works that are adequately paraphrased AND given proper attribution. • In-line citations. • Including information on a original work in a bibliography or reference list. • A well-supported conclusion based on attributed points. 3. Original works and ideas that are not credited to anyone else. What does not fall under plagiarism?

19. How to Avoid Plagiarism 1. ALWAYS CITE SOURCES. It’s better to over-cite than the opposite. o Example: In 2013, the population of Miami was 2,617,136 (U.S. Census Bureau). 2. CORRECTLY USE A CITATION STYLE, AS DEFINED BY THE MOST CURRENT EDITION OF A STYLE GUIDE. Commonly Used Guides: o Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) o MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MLA) o The Chicago Manual of Style

20. 3. MAINTAIN A THOROUGH BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCE LIST OF ALL SOURCES USED. 4. COMMUNICATE WITH PROJECT COLLEAGUES OR CO-AUTHORS. o Discuss your interest in using the work done by the group. o Give credit for using their work. o Express concerns of plagiarism. How to Avoid Plagiarism

21. 5. PROPER PARAPHRASING: Read carefully through what you intend to paraphrase, then rewrite the idea in your own words without using the original work as a guide. Also, check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you have not unintentionally used the same phrases or words, and that the information is correct. How to Avoid Plagiarism

22. 6. DO NOT COPY AND PASTE unless you do ALL of the following: • Cite your sources and provide proper acknowledgement. • Use your style guide’s format for copied information (use quotations, indentations, or whatever it dictates); AND • Use the copied information to support your point or argument by connecting it with your own statement(s) of why it supports it. X How to Avoid Plagiarism

23. 7. GIVE YOURSELF ENOUGH TIME TO WORK ON YOUR ASSIGNMENT: Plagiarism is often done when someone is rushed and copies work just to get something finished. Choosing a topic, finding information, and writing takes time, so plan accordingly! How to Avoid Plagiarism

24. Which are examples of plagiarism? ____ Dogs are often kept as pets or companion animals. ___ By being able to respond affectionately to human attention, to elicit prosocial behavior and positive feelings, animals seem to possess a unique capacity to serve as an emotional bridge in specific therapeutic contexts and to act as social catalysts. (BTW, this was copied from an article and then pasted onto a paper just like this).

25. ___ Animal rights activists suggest that not all animals should be companion animals. ASPCA recommends types of species that are suitable, including farm animals that are domestically bred (The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 2018). Reference: The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (2018). ASPCA policy and position statements: Species suitable to be companion animals. Retrieved from https://www.aspca.org/about-us/aspca- policy-and-position- statements/species-suitable-be- companion-animals Which are examples of plagiarism?

26. ___ The human-animal bond is a beneficial relationship between people and animals, and positively influences the health and well- being for both the animal and the human. Is this plagiarism?

27. RUNNING HEAD: The use of therapy dogs as behavioral interventions with children The use of therapy dogs as behavioral interventions for children By Kristy Padron ENC 1101 – English Composition April 21, 2017 Prof. F. Owlsey RUNNING HEAD: The use of therapy dogs as behavioral interventions with children The use of therapy dogs as behavioral interventions for children By Kristy Padron PSY 3213 – Psychological Research Methods November 30, 2018 Prof. G. Wise Is this plagiarism?

28. Get Help! FAU Libraries: library.fau.edu • Plagiarism LibGuide: libguides.fau.edu/plagiarism • APA Boot Camp: libguides.fau.edu/apabootcamp • Phone: (561) 297-3785 • Ask a Librarian (chat, text, email): www.askalibrarian.org/fau • Request a Research Consultation: www.tinyurl.com/consult-orient P.S. For the sake of not committing plagiarism and then to model proper attribution, the content in the second option listed on Slide 24 comes from the following source: Berry, A., Borgin, M., Francia, N., Alleva, E., & Cirulli, F. (2013). Use of assistance and therapy dogs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A critical review of the current evidence. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19(2): 73-80. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0835