bank

1. CHAPTER- 1
OVERVIEW OF BANKING
CHAPTER – 1
OVERVIEW OF BANKING
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO BANK
A bank has been described as an institution engaged in accepting deposits and granting loans. It
is the institution which deals in money and credit. It can also be described as an institution
which borrows idle resources, makes fund available to those who need it and helps in cheap
remittance of money from one place to another. In the modern time term bank is used in wider
term. Now it does not refer only to particular place of lending and depositing money but it also
acts as an agent which looks after the various financial problems of its customers.
1.2 HISTORY OF BANKS:
The banking system in India is based on British banking company which is largely branch
banking. Commercial banks in India were started during the latter half of 19th century Bank of
Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras were later amalgamated to form one bank called
as Imperial bank of India under the Imperial bank of India Act 1920. The Imperial bank carried
with business of commercial bank manages the public debt office of central and state
government. The second half of 19th century saw establishment of Bank of Baroda, Allahabad
bank, and Punjab National Bank. These banks were set up by merchants and traders to
combined trading with banking. These led to the series if failures of banks. The strengthening of
banking system took place after the establishment of Reserve Bank of India, 1939 as is
empowers to regulate the banking money, inspection of mergers and acquisition in terms of
Banking Companies Act 1949 which later came to be known as Banking Regulation Act 1949.
1.3 FUNCTIONS OF BANKS

2. Though borrowing and lending constitute the main functions of banking, yet they are not only
functions of commercial banks. Commercial banks are involved in diversified activities and
perform varieties of function. The functions of a modern bank are classified under the following
heads:
„
CHART: FUNCTION OF BANKS
ACCEPTING
OF
DEPOSITS
FUNCTION ADVANCE
AGENCY
OF
FUNCTIONS OF BANKS
LOANS
OTHER
FUNCTIONS
1.4 BANKING PRODUCTS
Banks in India have traditionally offered mass banking products. Most common deposit
products being Savings Bank, Current Account, Term deposit Account and lending products
being Cash Credit and Term Loans. Due to Reserve Bank of India guidelines, Banks have had
little to do besides accepting deposits at rates fixed by Reserve Bank of India and lend amount
arrived by the formula stipulated by Reserve Bank of India at rates prescribed by the latter. PLR
(Prime lending rate) was the benchmark for interest on the lending products. But PLR itself

3. was, more often than not, dictated by RBI. Further, remittance products were limited to issuance
of Drafts, Telegraphic Transfers, and Bankers Cheque and Internal transfer of funds.
In view of several developments in the 1990s, the entire banking products structure has
undergone a major change. As part of the economic reforms, banking industry has been
deregulated and made competitive. New players have added to the competition. IT revolution
has made it possible to provide ease and flexibility in operations to customers. Rapid strides in
information technology have, in fact, redefined the role and structure of banking in India.
Further, due to exposure to global trends after Information explosion led by Internet, customers
- both Individuals and Corporate - are now demanding better services with more products from
their banks. Financial market has turned into a buyer's market. Banks are also changing with
time and are trying to become one-stop financial supermarkets.
A few foreign & private sector banks have already introduced customized banking products like
Investment Advisory Services, SGL II accounts, Photo-credit cards, Cash Management
services, Investment products and Tax Advisory services. A few banks have gone in to market
mutual fund schemes. Eventually, the Banks plan to market bonds and debentures, when
allowed. Insurance peddling by Banks will be a reality soon. The recent Credit Policy of RBI
announced on 27.4.2000 has further facilitated the entry of banks in this sector. Banks also offer
advisory services termed as 'private banking' - to "high relationship - value" clients.

4. 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
The Indian financial services industry has undergone a metamorphosis since 1990. During the
late seventies & eighties, the Indian financial services industry was dominated by commercial
banks and other financial institution which cater to the requirements of the Indian industry. The
economic liberalization has brought in a complete transformation in the Indian financial
services industry.
The term “Financial Services” in a broad sense means “mobilizing and allocating savings”.
Thus it includes all activities involved in the transformation of savings into investment. The
„financial service‟ can also be called „financial intermediation‟. Financial intermediation is a
process by which funds are mobilized from a large number of savers and make them available
to all those who are in need of it and particularly to corporate customers. Thus, financial service
sector is a key area and it is very vital for industrial developments. A well developed financial
services industry is absolutely necessary to mobilize the savings and to allocate them to various
investable channels and thereby to promote industrial development in a country. Financial
services, through network of elements such as financial institution, financial markets and
financial instruments, serve the needs of individuals, institutions and corporate. It is through
these elements that the functioning of the financial system is facilitated. Considering its nature
and importance, financial services are regarded as the fourth element of the financial system.

5. 1.6 FEATURES OF FINANCIAL SERVICE
Customer-Oriented: Like any other service industry financial service industry is also a
customer-oriented one. That customer is the king and his requirements must be satisfied
in full should be the basic tenent of any financial service industry. It calls for designing
innovative financial products suitable to varied risk-return requirements of customer.
Intangibility: Financial services are intangible and therefore, they cannot be standardized
or reproduced in the same form. Hence, there is a need to have a track record of integrity,
reputation, good corporate image and timely delivery of services.
Simultaneous Performance: Yet another feature is that both production and supply of
financial services have to be performed simultaneously. Therefore, both suppliers of
services and consumers should have a good rapport, clear-cut perception and effective
communication.
Dominance of Human Element: Financial services are dominated by human element
and thus, they are people-intensive. It calls for competent and skilled personnel to market
the quality financial products. But, quality cannot be homogenized since it varies with
time, place and customer to customer.
Perishability: Financial services are immediately consumed and hence inventories
cannot be created. There is a greater need for balancing demand and supply properly. In
other words, marketing and operations should be closely inter-linked..
1.7 IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

6. Economic Growth: The financial service industry mobilizes the savings of the people
and channels them into productive investment by providing various services to the
people. In fact, the economic development of a nation depends upon these savings and
investment.
Promotion of Savings: The financial service industry promotes savings in the country by
providing transformation services. It provides liability, asset and size transformation
service by providing large loans on the basis of numerous small deposits. It also provides
maturity transformation services by offering short-term claim to savers on their liquid
deposit and providing long-term loans to borrowers.
Capital Formation: The financial service industry facilitates capital formation by
rendering various capital market intermediary services – capital formation in the very
basis for economic growth. It is the principal mobilizer, of surplus funds to finance
productive activities and thus it promotes capital accumulation.
Provision of Liquidity: The financial service industry promotes liquidity in the system
by allocating and reallocating savings and investment into various avenues of economic
activity. It facilitates easy conversion of financial asset into liquid cash at the discretion
of the holder of such assets.
Financial Intermediation: The financial service industry facilitates the function of
intermediation between savers and investors by providing a means and a medium of
exchange and by undertaking innumerable services.
Contribution to GNP: The contribution of financial services to GNP has been going on
increasing year after year in almost all countries in recent times.
Creation of Employment Opportunities: The financial service industry creates and
provides employment opportunities to millions of people all over the world.

7. 1.8 SOURCES OF REVENUE
Accordingly, there are two categories of sources of income for a financial service company
namely: fund based &fee- based. Fund-based income comes mainly from interest spread, lease
rentals, income from investments in capital market and real estate. On the other hand, fee based
income has its sources in merchant banking, advisory services, custodial services, loan
syndication etc. income has its sources in merchant banking, advisory services, custodial
services, loan syndication etc. A major part of income is earned through fund-based activities.
At the same time, it involves a large share of expenditure in the form of interest & brokerage. It
means that such companies should have to compromise the quality of its investment. On the
other hand fee-based income does not involve much risk.
CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES
Fund-based Activities Fee-based Activities
1 .Leasing
2 .Hire Purchase
3 .Discounting
4 .Loans
5 .Venture Capital

8. 6 .Housing Finance
7 .Factoring
1.9 OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL SERVICES
Fund raising: Financial services help to raise the required funds from a host of investors,
individuals, institution and corporate. For this purpose, various instruments of finance are
used.
Funds deployment: An array of financial services is 1 .Issue Management
available in the financial markets which help the players 2 .Portfolio Management
to ensure an effective deployment of funds raised. 3 .Capital Restructuring
Services such as bill discounting, parking of short-term 4 .Loan Syndication
funds in the money market, credit rating &securitization 5 .Merger & Acquisition
of debts are provided by financial services firms in order 6 .Corporate Councelling
to ensure efficient management of funds. 7 .Foreign Collaborations
Specialized services: The financial service sector provides specialized services such as
credit rating, venture capital financing, lease financing, mutual funds, credit cards,
housing finance, etc besides banking and insurance. Institutions and agencies such as

9. stock exchanges, non-banking finance companies, subsidiaries of financial institutions,
banks & insurance companies also provide these services.
Regulation: There are agencies that are involved in the regulation of the financial
services activities. In India, agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI), Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Department of Banking and Insurance of
the Government of India, regulate the functioning of the financial service institutions.
Economic growth: Financial services contribute, in good measure, to speeding up the
process of economic growth & development..
1.11 PRESENT SCENARIO OF FINANCIAL SERVICES
Conservatism to dynamism:
At present, the financial system in India is in a process of rapid transformation,
particularly after the introduction of reforms in the financial sector. The main objective of
the financial sector reforms is to promote an efficient, competitive and diversified
financial system in the country. This is essential to raise the allocative efficiency of
available savings and to promote the accelerated growth of the economy as a whole. The
emergence of various financial institution and regulatory bodies has transformed the
financial services sector from being a conservative industry to a very dynamic one.
Emergence of Primary Equity Market: The capital markets have become a popular
source of raising finance. The aggregate funds raised by the industries have gone from
Rs. 5976 crore in 1991-92 to Rs. 32382 crore in 2006-07. Thus the primary market has
emerged as an important vehicle to channelize the savings of the individuals and
corporates for productive purposes and thus to promote the industrial & economic growth
of our nation.
Concept of Credit Rating: The investment decisions of the investors have been based
on factors like name recognition of the company, reputation of promoters etc. now,
grading from an independent agency would help the investor in his portfolio management
and thus, equity grading is going to play a significant role in investment decision making.

10. Now it is mandatory for non-banking financial companies to get credit rating for their
debt instruments. The major credit rating agencies functioning in India are:
i. Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.
ii. Credit Analysis and Research Ltd.
iii. Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency.
iv. Duff Phelps Credit Rating Pvt. Ltd.
Process of Globalization: The process of globalization ha paved the way for the entry of
innovative financial products into our country. The government is very keen in removing
all obstacles that stand in the way of inflow of foreign capital. India is likely to enter the
full convertibility era soon. Hence, there is every possibility of introduction of more and
more innovative financial services in our country.
Process of Liberalization: The government of India has initiated many steps to reform
the financial services industry. The Government has already switched over to free pricing
of issues from pricing issues by the Controller of capital issues. The interest rates have
been deregulated. The private sector has been permitted to participate in banking and
mutual funds and the public sector undertakings are being privatized. The financial
service industry in India has to play a positive and dynamic role in the years5 India has to
play a positive and dynamic role in the years to come by offering many innovative
products to suit to the varied requirements of the millions of prospective investors spread
throughout the country.

11. CHAPTER- 2
VARIOUS CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH
SERVICES & PRODUCTS ARE OFFERED
CHARTS: VARIOUS CHANNELS OF SERVICES
BRANCHES
INTERNET BANKING
MOBILE BANKING
TELEPHONE BANKING
ATM
2.1 BRANCHES
A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or
other financial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its
customers.
In the period from 1100-1300 banking started to expand across Europe and banks began
opening „branches‟ in remote, foreign locations to support international trade. Historically,

12. branches were housed in imposing buildings, often in a neo-classical architecture style. Today,
branches may also take the form of smaller offices within a larger complex, such as a shopping
mall.
Traditionally, the branch was the only channel of access to a financial institution‟s services.
Services provided by a branch include cash withdrawals and deposits from a demand account
with a bank teller, financial advice through a specialist, safe deposit box rentals, bureau de
change, insurance sales, etc. As of the early 21 st Century, features such as Automated Teller
Machine (ATM), telephone and online banking, allow customers to bank from remote locations
and after business hours. This has caused financial institution to reduce their branch business
hours and to merge smaller branches into larger ones. They converted some into mini-branches
with only ATMs for cash withdrawal and depositing; computer terminals for online banking
and cheque depositing machines.
Some financial institutions, to show a friendlier image, offer a boutique or coffee house-like
environment in their branches, with sit-down counters, refreshments, interactive displays. Some
branches also have drive-through teller windows or ATMs.
2.2 MOBILE BANKING
Mobile banking also known as M-Banking, SMS Banking is a term used for performing balance
checks, account transactions, payment etc. Over the last few years, the mobile and wireless
market has been one of the fastest growing markets in the world and it is still growing at a rapid
pace. With mobile technology, banks can offer services to their customers such as doing funds
transfer while travelling, receiving online updates of stock price or even performing stock
trading while being stuck in traffic.
A specific sequence of SMS messages will enable the system to verify if the client has
sufficient funds in his or her wallet and authorize a deposit or withdrawal transaction at the
agent.

13. Many believe that mobile users have just started to fully utilize the data capabilities in their
mobile phones. In Asian countries like India, China, where mobile infrastructure is
comparatively better than the fixed-line infrastructure, and in European countries, where mobile
phone penetration is very high, mobile banking is likely to appeal even more.
Mobile Banking Services
Account Information
1) Mini-statement and checking of account history
2) Alerts on account activity
3) Monitoring of term deposits
4) Access to loan statements
5) Access to card statements
6) Mutual fund/ equity statements
7) Pension plan management
8) Insurance policy management
9) Status on cheque, stop payment on cheque
10) Ordering cheque books
11) Balance checking in the account
12) Recent transactions
13) Due date of payment
14) PIN provision
15) Blocking of cards
Payments, Deposits, Withdrawals and Transfers
1) Domestics and international fund transfers
2) Micro-payment handling
3) Mobile recharging
4) Commercial payment processing
5) Bill payment processing
6) Peer to Peer payments

14. 7) Withdrawal at banking agent
8) Deposit at banking agent
2.3 TELEPHONE BANKING
Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution , which allows its customers
to perform transactions over the telephone. Most telephone banking services use an automated
phone answering system with phone keypad response or voice recognition capability. To
guarantee security, the customer must first authenticate through a numeric or verbal password
or through security questions asked by a live representative.
With the obvious exception of cash withdrawals & deposits, it offers virtually all the features of
an automated teller machine: account balance information and list of latest transactions,
electronic bill payments, funds transfers between a customer‟s accounts.etc
Usually, customers can also speak to alive representative located in a call centre or a branch,
although this feature is not always guaranteed to be offered 24/7. In addition to the self-service
transactions listed earlier, telephone banking representatives are usually trained to do what was
traditionally available only at the branch: loan applications, investments purchases and
redemptions, cheque book orders, debit card replacements, change of address, etc
Banks which operate mostly or exclusively by telephone are known as phone banks. They also
help modernize the user by using special technology.
2.4 INTERNET BANKING
Internet banking or E-banking means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get
connected to his bank -s website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. In internet
banking system the bank has a centralized database that is web-enabled. All the services that the
bank has permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Any service can be selected and
further interaction is dictated by the nature of service. The traditional branch model of bank is
now giving place to an alternative delivery channels with ATM network. Once the branch
offices of bank are interconnected through terrestrial or satellite links, there would be no

15. physical identity for any branch. It would a borderless entity permitting anytime, anywhere and
any how banking
INTERNET BANKING SERVICES
1) Bill Payment Service: You can facilitate payment of electricity and telephone bills,
mobile phone, credit card and insurance premium bills as each bank has tie-ups with
various utility companies, service providers and insurance companies, across the country.
To pay your bills, all you need to do is complete a simple one-time registration for each
biller. You can also set up standing instructions online to pay your recurring bills,
automatically. Generally, the bank does not charge customer for online bill payment.
2) Fund Transfer: You can transfer any amount from one account to another of the same or
any another bank. Customers can send money anywhere in India. Once you login to your
account, you need to mention the payee‟s account number, his bank and the branch. The
transfer will take place in a day or so, whereas in a traditional method, it takes about three
working days.
3) Credit Card Customers: With Internet banking, customers can not only pay their
credit card bills online but also get a loan on their cards. If you lose your credit card, you
can report lost card online.
4) Investment: You can now open an FD online through funds transfer. Now investors with
interlinked demat account and bank account can easily trade in the stock market and the
amount will be automatically debited from their respective bank accounts and the shares
will be credited in their demat account. Moreover, some banks even give you the facility
to purchase mutual funds directly from the online banking system.
5) Recharging your Prepaid Phone: Now just top-up your prepaid mobile cards by
logging in to Internet banking. By just selecting your operator's name, entering your
mobile number and the amount for recharge, your phone is in action within no time.
6) Shopping: With a range of all kind of products, you can shop online and the payment is
also made conveniently through your account. You can also buy railway and air tickets
through Internet banking.

16. 2.5 AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)
Automated Teller Machine is a mechanism which enables the customer to withdraw money
from his account without visiting the bank branch. An ATM card is issued to the customer by
the bank in order to make cash withdrawals at cash machine. This service helps the ATM
customer to withdraw money even when the banks are closed. This can be done by inserting the
card in the ATM and entering the Personal Identification Number & secret password.
ATMs act as off-site branches of banks and provide almost all services that are available from a
manually operated branch. The customer can, not only withdraw cash, but also deposit money,
get account statements, enable transfer of funds etc. The customer who wants to deposit cash
should put the notes in the pouch available at the ATM counter close it, seal it by signing & put
it in the slot provided for this purpose. The bank staff will collect the packet when they come
for loading cash in the machine & credit the amount to the account. However, the customer has
to sign an undertaking with the bank that he would not dispute on the amount credited. ATM
has gained prominence as a delivery channel for banking transactions in India. Now customers
will not be levied any fee on cash withdrawals using ATM & debit cards issued by other banks.
This will in turn increase usage of ATMs in India. ATM allows customers:
To view account information
To deposit cheques or cash
To order cheques and receive cash.
Benefits of ATM:
To the ATM Customer
1) ATM customer can utilize any possible facility availed from the ATM e.g. balance
enquiry, withdrawal, deposits, etc

17. 2) Anytime banking, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week has become a main service to the ATM
customers who cannot manage to visit bank during banking hours
3) Convenience acts as a tremendous psychological benefit all the time
4) Cash withdrawal from any branch through ATM
To the Bank
1) Innovative, secure, competitive and presents the bank as technology driven in the banking
sector market.
2) Reduces customer visits to the branch & thereby human intervention.
3) Inter-branch reconciliation is immediate thereby reducing chances of fraud.
4) It acts as a value added product to the bank so that the banks can attract more new
generation customers.

18. CHAPTER- 3
VARIOUS PRODUCTS & SERVICES
OF BANKS
CHAPTER-3
VARIOUS PRODUCTS & SERVICES OF BANKS
3.1 Deposits
Banks provide various deposit schemes for keeping the savings of people. Some of these
schemes are common in nature. Banks have to comply with the „Know Your Customer‟ (KYC)
norms introduced by the Reserve Bank of India while opening & allowing operations in the
accounts. A few deposit schemes offered by banks are as follows:
CHART: TYPES OF DEPOSITS

19. Current
Account
Safe-
Fixed
Deposits
Deposit
Lockers
Demat Savings
Account Account
Reccurin
g Deposit
1) Current Account:
Current account is primarily meant for businessmen, firms, companies and public
enterprises etc. that have numerous daily banking transactions. Individuals generally do
not open this account. Current accounts are meant neither for the purpose of earning
interest nor for the purpose of savings but only for convenience of business hence they
are non-interest bearing accounts. In a current account, a customer can deposit &
withdraw any amount of money any number of times, as long as he has funds to his
credit.
As per RBI directive, banks are not allowed to pay any interest on the balances
maintained in Current Accounts. However, in case of death of the account holder his
legal heirs are paid interest at the rates applicable to Savings bank deposit from the date
of death till the date of settlement. Because of the large number of transactions in the
account and volatile nature of balances maintained, banks usually levy certain service
charges for opening a Current Account.

20. 2) Fixed Deposits:
Bank Fixed Deposits are also known as Term Deposits. In a Fixed Deposit Account, a
certain sum of money is deposited in the bank for a specified time period with a fixed rate
of interest. The rate of interest for Bank Fixed Deposits depends on the maturity period. It
is higher in case of longer maturity period. There is great flexibility in maturity period &
it ranges from 15 days to 5 years. The interest can be compounded quarterly, half-yearly
or annually and varies from bank to bank. Loan facility is available against bank fixed
deposits upto 75-90 % Premature withdrawal is permissible but it involves loss of
interest.
Fixed deposits with banks are nearly 100% safe as all the banks operating in the country,
irrespective of whether they are nationalized, private or foreign are governed by the
RBI‟s rules & regulations and give due weightage to the interest of the investors.
3) Savings Bank Account:
Savings Bank accounts are meant to promote the habit of saving among the citizens while
allowing them to use their funds when required. The main advantage of Savings Bank
Account is its high liquidity and safety. Savings Bank Account earn moderate interest.
The rate of interest is decided and periodically reviewed by the government of India.
Savings Bank Account can be opened in the name of an individual or in joint name of the
depositors.
The minimum balance to be maintained in an ordinary savings bank account varies from
bank to bank. It is less in case of public sector banks and comparatively higher in case of
private banks. Savings Bank Account can now be accessed through ATM‟s & internet.
4) Recurring Deposit Account:
Under recurring deposit account, a specific amount is invested in bank on monthly basis
for a fixed rate of return. The deposit has a fixed tenure, at the end of which the principal
sum as well as the interest earned during that period is returned to the investor. Recurring
Bank Account provides the element of compulsion to save at high rates of interest

21. applicable to Term Deposits along with liquidity to access those savings any time. Loan/
Overdraft facility is also available against Recurring Bank Deposits.
The deposit for RD account is paid in monthly installments and each subsequent monthly
installment has to be made before the end of the month and is equal to the first deposit. In
case of default in payment, penalty is levied for the delayed deposit.
5) Demat account:
Some banks are depository participants. These banks offer demat accounts to their
corporate clients. Demat account is just like a bank account where actual money is
replaced by shares. Just as a bank account is required if we want to save money or make
cheque payments, we need to open a demat account in order to buy or sell shares. A
Demat Account holds portfolio of shares in electronic form and obviates the need to hold
shares in physical form. The account offers a secure and convenient way to keep track of
shares and investment without the hassle of handling physical documents that get
mutilated or lost in transit. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) mandates
a demat account for share trading involving more than 500 countries.
Benefits of Demat Account
Protection against loss, theft, mutilation etc
Transfer of shares immediately
Shorter settlement cycles
Protection against bad deliveries.
6) Safe-Deposit Lockers:
Safe deposit locker is a facility provided by banks to their customers to keep their
valuables like jewellery, title deeds etc. Safe deposit locker is a steel cabinet having
multiple cubicles. The safe deposit locker is kept inside the safe room and can be
accessed only with the permission of the bank officials. A customer who is in need of a
locker has to approach the bank. Customer has to mention a password in the application

22. form for identification purpose when he comes for operating the locker. The customer has
to remit annual rent for using the locker facility. The customer has full privacy in
operating the locker.
As per RBI guidelines, the place where the locker is kept should be segregated from the
place where cash and valuables are stored using iron grill. When the customer wants to
open the locker, he has to identify himself by telling the password and sign in a register
noting the date and time of opening the locker which will be countersigned by the bank
officials. The agreement of locker is a contract of bailment and the bank can terminate the
agreement and demand the customer to vacate locker if any of the terms and conditions in
the agreement are violated or the annual rent is not remitted for a long period. At present
all the banks are having safe deposit locker facility.
3.2 CREDIT CARDS:
Credit cards are innovative ones in the line of financial services offered by commercial banks.
Credit card culture is a old hat in the western countries. In India, it is relatively a new concept
that is fast catching on. Since the plastic money has today become as good as legal tender more
people are using them in their day-to-day activities. A credit card is a card or mechanism which
enables cardholders to purchase goods, travel and dine in a hotel without making immediate
payments. It is a convenience of extended credit without formality. Credit cards can be
classified as follows:
CHART: TYPES OF CREDIT CARDS
OLD CREDIT CARDS NEW CREDIT CARDS

23. Corporate Credit
Credit Card
Card
Charge Card Business Card
In-store Card Smart Card
Debit Card
ATM Card
Virtual Card
s
Old types of Credit Cards:
1) Credit Card:
It is a normal card whereby a holder is able to purchase without having to pay cash
immediately. Generally, a limit is set to the amount of money a cardholder can spend a
month using the card. At the end of every month, the holder has to pay a percentage of
outstanding. Interest is charged for the outstanding amount which varies from 30 to 36
per cent per annum. An average consumer prefers this type of card for his personal
purchase.
2) Charge Card:
A charge card is intended to serve as a convenient means of payment for goods purchased
at Member Establishments rather than a credit facility. Instead of paying cash or cheque
every time the credit card holder makes a purchase, this facility gives a consolidated bill
for a specified period, usually one month. There are no interest charges and no spending
limits either. The charge card is useful during business trips and for entertainment
expenses which are usually borne by the company. Andhra Bank card, BOB cards, Can
card, Diner‟s Club card etc. belong to this category.

24. 3) In-Store Card:
The in-store cards are issued by retailers or companies. These cards have currency only at
the issuer‟s outlets for purchasing products of the issuer company. Payment can be on
monthly or extended credit basis. For extended credit facility interest is charged. In India,
such cards are normally issued by Five Star Hotels, resorts and big hotels.
NEW TYPES OF CREDIT CARDS
1) Corporate Credit Cards:
Corporate cards are issued to private and public limited companies and public sector
units. Depending upon the requirements of each company, operative Add-on cards will be
issued to the persons authorized by the company. The name of the company will be
embossed on Add-on cardholder. The transactions made by Add-on cardholders are billed
to the main card and debits are made to the Company‟s Account.
2) Business Card:
A business card is similar to a corporate card.it is meant for the use of proprietary
concerns, firms, firms of Chartered Accountants etc. This card helps to avail of certain
facilities for reimbursement and makes their business trip convenient.
3) Smart Card:
It is a new generation card. When a transaction is made using the card, the value is
debited and the balance comes down automatically. Once the monetary value comes
down to nil, the balance is to be restored all over again for the card to become
operational. The primary feature of smart card is security. It prevents card related frauds
& crimes.
4) Debit Cards:
Debit card is popularly known as ATM card on the move. The debit card gives the
freedom to access savings or current account through ATM‟s at merchant locations.
Debit cards are also issued independent of ATM in which case the card is presented to the
merchant establishment at the time of purchase as in a case of credit card. However, the
account of the card holder will be debited instantly when the charge slip is presented by

25. the merchant establishment instead of the card holder remitting the money as is being
done in the case of credit card. Therefore, the card holder has to keep sufficient balance
in his account before he uses the card. The debit card does have a daily limit which could
be somewhere around Rs 15000 at ATMs and Rs 10000 at merchant locations. This again
is subject to the balance available in the account.
5) ATM Card:
An ATM (Automated Teller Machine) card is useful to a card holder as it helps him to
withdraw cash from banks even when they are closed. This can be done by inserting the
card in the ATM installed at various bank location.
6) Virtual Card:
A virtual card is a card that can be generated by anybody at any time provided he has
already registered his name in the Bank‟s website. One can also set monetary limits for
each card, usually limited to the value of the item he intends to purchase and the value
should be limited to his bank balance or the credit limit. This completely prevents misuse.
It is a kind of facility offered to existing cardholders at free of cost.
3.3 LOANS
It is an arrangement by which a bank advance loans against any security like jewels, shares or
debentures or insurance policy or personal security of the borrower. The interest is payable on
the entire loan amount as decided by the bank. Loans can be classified as follows:
CHART: VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS

26. Personal Loans
Housing Loans
Educational Loans
Automobile Loans
Mortgage Loans
1) Personal loans:
The personal loans are granted to any customer or the non-custome if the bank is satisfied
with the repayment capacity of the borrower. The borrower should have a steady income.
Installment can be paid by depositing post dated cheques, authorization to debit the
amount to the borrower‟s savings or current account, authorization to transfer interest on
term deposit to the loan account, authorization to deduct the installment from the salary
by the employer and remit to the bank etc. The interest varies from bank to bank.
Normally banks allow 12 months to 60 months for repayment.
Banks also charge time processing fee ranging from 1 to 3 percent per annum. Personal
loans are generally unsecured because in most cases there is no primary security.

27. Therefore, many banks demand collateral security in the form of landed property, gold
ornaments, third party guarantee etc. Some banks instead of third party guarantee insist
that another person should join as co-obligant. Many banks prefer co-obligant as a
guarantor because a co-obligant signs the original loan documents along with the
borrower & therefore has a joint liability. The documentation is quite simple because
there will be only a promissory note.
2) Housing Loans:
Housing loans are given as direct loans and indirect loans. Direct loans are those loans
given to the individuals or group of individuals including co-operative societies. The
indirect loans are the term loans granted to housing finance institution, housing boards etc
primarily engaged in the business of supplying serviced land and constructed house units.
Banks are permitted to extend term loans to private builders. Banks are also granting
loans under priority sector for housing purpose.
Eligibility:
Any person above 21 years but below the age of 65 years having sufficient disposable
income, can avail housing loan from a bank. Some banks permit even upto 70 years if the
borrower can produce proof of sufficient income to repay the loan. A self-employed
person can also avail of housing loan, subject to compliance of the income criteria.
Amount of Loan:
The loan amount starts from Rs 2 lakh. However for weaker sections the loan can be
availed even for a small amount. The maximum amount of loan is decided after
considering the disposable income of the borrower. While calculating the income
eligibility spouse‟s income can also be considered. The other factors considered for
deciding the repayment capacity are age, qualification, status of assets, liabilities,
stability and continuity of occupation and savings history etc.
3) Educational Loans:
Educational loans are extended with the aim to provide financial support from the
banking system to deserving students for pursuing higher education in India & abroad.

28. The main emphasis is that every student should get an opportunity to pursue education
with financial support from the banking system on affordable terms and conditions. All
banks are offering educational loans, but the schemes differs from bank to bank. The
scheme aims at providing financial assistance on reasonable terms to the poor and needy
to undertake basic education.
Student Eligibility:
The student should be an Indian national and should have secured admission to
professional courses through entrance test process or should have secured admission to
foreign university. The student have scored minimum 60 percent in the qualifying
examination for admission to graduation courses.
Repayment:
Course period + 1 year or 6 months after getting job, whichever is earlier. The loan has to
be repaid in five to seven years from commencement of repayment. If the student is not
able to complete the course for the reasons beyond his control, sanctioning authority may
at his discretion consider such extensions as may be deemed necessary to complete the
course.
Security:
Up to Rs 2 lakh:- no security
Above Rs 2 lakh:- collateral security equal to 100 % of the loan. Amount of guarantee of third
person known to bank for 100% of the loan amount.
4) Automobile Loans:
Banks are extending credit for purchase of new two or four wheeler for personal or
professional use. Bank finance is also available for purchase of used cars less than 3 years old.
Each bank has formulated their own schemes. Vehicle finance has now become one of the
highly profitable area and therefore banks and other financial institutions are competing with
each other for attracting the customers, even by offering some concessions. As a result, the
margin, interest rate & eligibility criteria differ from one bank to the other. The loans are to be

29. repaid in 36 to 60 equated monthly instalments. The maximum amount of loan is limited to 3
times of net income annual salary subject to a maximum of Rs 10 lakh.
Security:
Hypothecation of vehicle financed by the bank.
Bank‟s lien to be noted with the transport authorities.
Guarantee of the spouse
In case of unmarried, third party guarantee of sufficient means or other collateral
securities acceptable to the bank.
5) Mortgage Loans:
Mortgage loan is a financing arrangement in which a lender extends finance for
acquisition of real estate against the security of the real estate purchased out of the loan.
The borrower executes a mortgage deed which registers a lien on the property in favour
of the lender. The title will be re-transferred when the borrower repays the loan in full
with interest. Banks provide loan/overdraft facility against mortgage of property at low
rate of interest to people engaged in trade, commerce and business and also to
professionals and self employed, partnership firms, companies, NRI‟s and individuals
with high net worth including salaried people. The product provides an opportunity to
customers to borrow against a fixed asset at short notice.
Repayment:
The loan has to be repaid within a period of eight years by way of equated monthly
installments. The repayment shall commence from the month subsequent to the month in
which final disbursement is made or 6 months from the first disbursement, whichever is
earlier. In case of agriculturists the repayment is related to the generation of farm income
from crops & other subsidiary activities.

30. CHAPTER 5
OVERVIEW OF ICICI BANK
CHAPTER 5
OVERVIEW OF ICICI BANK
5.1 HISTORY OF ICICI BANK
ICICI Bank was originally promoted in1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution,
and was its wholly owned subsidiary. ICICI‟s shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46%
through a public offering of shares in India in India in fiscal 1998. ICICI Bank was formed
in1995 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of
Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for
providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s,
ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project
finance to a diversified financial services group offering a wide variety of products and services,
both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank. In 1999,
ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-
Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE.
After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging
competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, the management of ICICI & ICICI Bank
formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be optimal strategic

31. alternative for both entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group‟s
universal banking strategy.
5.2 INTRODUCTION OF ICICI BANK
ICICI Bank is the largest private sector bank in India in terms of market capitalization. It is also
the second largest bank in India in terms of assets with a total asset of Rs. 3,674.19 billion (US$
77 billion) as on June 30, 2009, the total profit after tax has been Rs. 8.78 billion. Formerly
known as Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, ICICI Bank has an extensive
network of 1,544 branches with about 4,816 ATMS located across India and in 18 other
countries. ICICI Bank serves about 24 Million customers throughout the world. It is considered
as one of the „Big Four Banks‟ in India along with State Bank of India, HDFC Bank and Axis
Bank.
ICICI Bank provides a wide range of banking products and financial services to its retail and
corporate customers. It has a wide variety of delivery channels and specialized affiliates and
subsidiaries that ensure the flow of its offerings in the areas like investment banking, venture
capital, life and non-life insurance and asset management. This bank is also India‟s largest
credit card issuer. The equity share of ICICI Bank is listed on various stock exchanges like
NSE, BSE, Calcutta Stock Exchange and Vadodara Stock Exchange etc. Its ADRs are also
listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
ICICI Bank also has the largest international balance sheet among all the banks in India. It is
also expanding its business in the overseas market at an enviable pace. In Q2 September 2008,
ICICI Bank recorded a 1.15% growth in net profit over Q2 September 2007 to reach at Rs
1,014.21crores. The current and savings account (CASA) ratio of bank also went up from 25%
in 2007 to 30% in 2008
Vision

32. Our vision is a world free of poverty in which every individual has the freedom and power to
create and sustain a just society in which to live.
Mission
Our mission is to create and support strong independent organisations which work towards
empowering the poor to participate in and benefit from the Indian growth process.
5.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES:
ICICI Bank offers a host of products and services to its clients. The various types of services are
as follows:
1) Deposits
Savings Account
Advantage Deposit
Special Savings Account
Life Plus Senior Citizens Savings Account
Fixed Deposits
Security Deposits
Recurring Deposits
Young Stars Savings Account
Advantage Woman Savings Account

33. Self Help Group Accounts
Family banking
2) Cards
ICICI Bank is India‟s largest issuer of credit cards. It also offers other types of card. The
various cards offered by ICICI bank are as follows:
Consumer Cards
Credit Cards
Travel Cards
Debit Cards
Commercial Cards
Corporate Cards
Prepaid Cards
Purchase Cards
Distribution Cards
Business Cards
3) Loans
Home Loans
Loan against Property
Personal Loans
Car Loans
Two Wheeler Loans
Commercial Vehicle Loans
Loans against Securities
Loan against Gold Ornaments
Pre-approved Loans
4) Investments
ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds
Mutual Funds

34. Government of India Bonds
Initial Public Offers by Corporate
Foreign Exchange Services
ICICI Bank Pure Gold
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme
5) NRI Services
Money Transfer
Bank Accounts
Investments
Home Loans
Insurance
Loan against
6) Insurance
ICICI Bank offers various types of insurance.
Home Insurance
Health Insurance
Health Advantage Plus
Family Floater
Personal Accident
Travel Insurance
Individual Overseas Travel Insurance
Student Medical Insurance
Motor Insurance
Car Insurance
Two Wheeler Insurance
Life Insurance
ICICI Pru Life Time Gold

35. 5.4 Awards and Recognitions
ICICI Bank was voted as the Most Trusted Brand among private sector banks in the 2010
Economic Times – Brand Equity Most Trusted Brands Awards and ranked 7th in the list
of the Top 50 service brands.
ICICI Bank received the 2010 World Finance UK award for:
i. Excellence in Remittance Business, Worldwide
ii. Excellence in NRI Services, Worldwide
iii. Excellence in Private Banking Business, APAC Region
For a sixth time in a row, ICICI Bank has received the Most Preferred Auto Loan Brand
in the Financial Services category at the CNBC Consumer Awards.
ICICI Bank has won Gold in the Readers Digest Trusted Brands 2010 Consumer award
in the Finance category for.
i. Best Bank
ii. Best Credit Card Issuing Bank
ICICI Bank amongst the top 3 to receive the FE-EVI Green Business Leaders Award, in
the banking industry.
ICICI Bank wins the Asian Banker Award for Best Banking Security System.
Forbes 2000 most powerful listed companies survey ranked ICICI Bank 4th among the
Indian companies and 282nd globally.
ICICI Bank wins the Asian Banker Award for Excellence in SME Banking 2009.
Mr. N. Vaghul, Former Chairman, ICICI Bank was awarded the “Padma Bhushan
CHAPTER- 6
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

36. Q1) Awareness of people regarding various types of financial services provided by the
banks
Awareness about financial services
Fully aware Had an idea No idea Total
1st Qtr
4th Qtr 37%
100% 2nd Qtr
46%
3rd Qtr
17%
Interpretation
From the above chart we came to know that, overall percentage of service class people having
complete knowledge about different types of services provided by the bank is 37%, those
having some idea about it is 46% and the percentage of people having no awareness of various
services provided by the bank is 17%. It can reasonably, be concluded that nearly 85% of the
population is having awareness about newly introduced services.
Q2 Awareness of various banking services provided by banks

37. Awareness about different Banking Services
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
Percentage
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
ATM Debit Credit Phone Mobile Internet
Card Card Banking Banking Banking
Interpretation
Banks constitute various channels through which services are provided in terms of ATMs, Debit
Card, Credit Card, Phone Banking, Mobile Banking, Internet Banking etc, of which the first six
have been covered. Amongst these ATM scores the largest used service status (26.03%) as
indicated by above figures. Close on the heels is Debit card (17.75%), Credit card (14.79%),
while phone banking lags behind by scoring the least (11.83 %.)
Q 3) Sources from which the respondents get the knowledge about the innovative financial
services.

38. Sources of Awareness about various innovative
financial products
4%
15%
26%
Personal Visit
Executive from Bank
21%
Advertisements
Friends/Relatives
Others
34%
Interpretation
The above table indicates the percentage distribution of awareness avenues, the major are in
favour of advertisements, which score 34% among different avenues such as personal visit,
executives of the banks, advertisements and friend/relatives. While the least score is for
personal visit and that of other sources.
Q4) Is your Bank following the Know Your Customer (KYC) norms in providing services.

39. Formulation of KYC norms
5% Yes No
10%
Interpretation
The above table indicates the KYC norms followed by the banks. The banks are
providing the customer with proper information about various banking services. The
banks are trying to find the expected service of the customer.
Q5) Growth rate of credit cards
Number of credit cards
0.8
0.5 0.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
2007 2008 2009
(0.2)

40. Interpretation
The above table indicates the growth rate of credit cards, which scores 0.3 million in the
year 2008 and it has grown upto 0.6 million in 2009.The growth rate is 100%. This
indicates that the distribution of credit cards is on large scale. The ICICI Bank is
considered as largest issuer of credit cards.
CONCLUSION
The project of Financial Services of Banks was undertaken at ICICI Bank Ltd. Working under
this project I learned various services in detail which banks generally follow.
It also helped in gaining knowledge about different concepts provided under different services .
The Financial Services of the Banks has become very vital in the smooth operation of the
banking activities. The Project work has certainly enriched the knowledge about the effective
management of the various services in Banking Sector.
Lastly as according to data collection we conclude that given findings and suggestions need to
be considered which can prove to be effective to the Banks.
SUGGESTIONS

41. Prevention against frauds of Credit Cards
To take necessary action against defaulters
Providing with proper information relating to various services
Guidance for investment in various securities in order to protect the interest of investors.
Approaching the customers for investment in innovative financial services.
Special schemes to be provided on some types of services
ANNEXURE
1) Which type of financial services are offered by Banks?
2) Which types of Credit Cards are provided to the customers?
3) What kind of actions are taken by the banks against defaulters?
4) Is the bank following RBI guidelines from time to time?
5) What are the steps taken by the bank to settle the claims?
6) Which type of innovative financial services are provided by the bank after
LPG?
7) Are the new customers attracted by the physical environment of the bank?
8) What are the future plans of the bank?