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皮膚保養新觀念
Chih-Chiang Chen, MD, Ph.D
陳志強
Chief, Division of Dermatologic Diagnosis
Department of Dermatology
Taipei Veterans General Hospital &
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
國立陽明交通大學暨台北榮總皮膚部
皮膚診斷科主任
正常的皮膚結構
• 正常的皮膚可分為三層
• 表皮層
• 真皮層
• 皮下組織
• 表皮可分為五層
• 角質層
• 透明層
• 顆粒層
• 棘狀層
• 基底層
表皮層
真皮層
皮下組織
皮膚的結構
表皮層的結構
表皮是一個天然屏障
Corneodesmosome
Desmosome
Lipid layer
K Keratohyalin granule (Filaggrin)
Classic “Brick and Mortar” arrangement
角質層
顆粒層
棘狀層
基底層
角質層
顆粒層
棘狀層
基底層
基底細胞膜
天然保濕因子
絲聚蛋白
絲聚蛋白前驅物
J Dermatol Sci 2013 Apr;70(1):3-11.
角質層
顆粒層
棘狀層
基底層
基底細胞膜
天然保濕因子
絲聚蛋白
絲聚蛋白前驅物
J Dermatol Sci 2013 Apr;70(1):3-11.
磚頭
與
水泥
角質層
顆粒層
棘狀層
基底層
基底細胞膜
天然保濕因子
絲聚蛋白
絲聚蛋白前驅物
J Dermatol Sci 2013 Apr;70(1):3-11.
磚頭
與
水泥
=角質細胞
角質層
顆粒層
棘狀層
基底層
基底細胞膜
天然保濕因子
絲聚蛋白
絲聚蛋白前驅物
J Dermatol Sci 2013 Apr;70(1):3-11.
磚頭
與
水泥
=角質細胞
=脂質
摘自莊盈彥醫師
皮脂的成因及功用
• 皮脂主要是由皮脂腺所分泌並由毛囊的開口排出
• 皮脂的主要成分包括:
• 單脂蠟、三酸甘油脂、脂肪酸、角鯊烯
• 皮脂的主要功用:
• 保濕
• 抗菌
• 抗發炎
• 幫助表皮維持屏障
• 免疫調節
• 溫度調節
皮脂分泌所導致的副作用
• 粉刺
• 青春痘 (痤瘡)
• 毛孔角化症
• 表皮囊腫或粉瘤
• 痤瘡桿菌過度滋生
皮脂分泌過盛的後遺症
皮脂
(雄性賀爾蒙)
禿髮 (Alopecia)
青春痘
(Acne)
多毛
(Hirsutism)
皮脂分泌過盛的原因
• 遺傳體質
• 雄性荷爾蒙
• 胰島素生長因子
• 高糖分食物
• 氣候與溫度
• 壓力
膚質檢測
油性肌膚  整臉都有油光
混合型肌膚  T 字部位油膩但兩頰較乾
中性肌膚  油脂分泌正常不覺得油膩
乾性肌膚 
臉上無油光,洗完臉後有時
會有脫皮現象
敏感性肌膚 
臉部泛紅,容易搔癢,使用
保養品會有刺激感
Skin
Barrier
Filaggrin
Immunesystem
Allergy
Th2
Microbiome
Infections
Microbiome of the Skin
皮膚屏障 免疫反應
微生物叢
敏感性肌膚的三個面向
Skin
Barrier
Filaggrin
Immunesystem
Allergy
Th2
Microbiome
Infections
Microbiome of the Skin
皮膚屏障 免疫反應
微生物叢
敏感性肌膚的三個面向
致病機轉
表皮屏障破壞
作為正常脫皮過程的一部分,角膜
小顆粒完好無損並開始分解
過敏性肌膚的患者中,角質小顆粒的品質
較差,這導致脫屑增加
Cork MJ, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:3-21.
如果角質層已經被削弱,像肥皂
等環境物質可能會更容易破壞
磚牆開始崩塌
並允許細菌的過敏原滲透
表皮屏障破壞
Cork MJ, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:3-21.
• 角質層完整、密實,有良好的屏護功能,
因此
1、病菌不易侵入
2、過敏原可被隔離在外
3、水份不易流失
• 角質層疏鬆破損
因此
1、水份流失,造成乾癢
2、過敏原易侵入,引發過敏
3、病菌易侵入及滋生,引發感染
 受損的肌膚
 正常的肌膚
Skin
Barrier
Filaggrin
Immunesystem
Allergy
Th2
Microbiome
Infections
Microbiome of the Skin
皮膚屏障 免疫反應
微生物叢
敏感性肌膚的三個面向
皮膚的免疫細胞
Pasparakis et al., Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(5):289-301.
皮膚的發炎反應
Pasparakis et al., Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(5):289-301.
Skin
Barrier
Filaggrin
Immunesystem
Allergy
Th2
Microbiome
Infections
Microbiome of the Skin
皮膚屏障 免疫反應
微生物叢
敏感性肌膚的三個面向
 A microbiome is the totality of microbes,
their genetic elements (genomes), and
environmental interactions in a particular
environment.
 The term "microbiome" was coined by J.
Lederberg: “microorganisms inhabiting
the human body should be included as
part of the human genome, because of
their influence on human physiology“.
 The human body contains over 10 times
more microbial cells than human cells.
微生物叢 Microbiome
Joshua Lederberg
1925 - 2008
皮膚微生物叢的分布相當多樣性
Kong HH. J Invest Derm 132, 933, 2012..
Grice EA & Segre JA Nature Rtev Microbiology 9, 244, 2011.
微生物叢受到很多因素的影響
生理狀態
外在環境
免疫系統
基因表現
生活型態
內在疾病
表皮的細菌與免疫反應
Pasparakis et al., Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(5):289-301.
Semin Immunopathol 2015;37(1):73-80.
皮膚結構異常導致金黃色皮葡萄球菌聚集
Toxins (Basel) 2019 Jun 5;11(6):321.
金黃色皮葡萄球菌聚集讓皮膚結構更破損
化妝品定義
根據行政院衛生署所制定的“化
妝品衛生管理條例暨相關法規彙
編”之第一章第三條,本條例所
稱化粧品,係指施於人體外部,
以潤澤髮膚,刺激嗅覺,掩飾體
臭或修飾容貌之物品;其範圍及
種類,由中央衛生主管機關公告
之。
一般化妝品 V.S 含藥化妝品
• 一般化妝品: 成分中不含衛生署公告「化妝品含
有醫療或毒劇藥品基準(含藥化妝品基準)」及
「化妝品中禁止使用總表」之產品
• 含藥化妝品:含有衛生署公告「化妝品含有醫療
或毒劇藥品基準(含藥化妝品基準)」成分之產品
如何選擇合適的保養品
保養品選擇
• 因人而異 (客製化)
• 因氣候而異
• 因膚質而異
• 避免品牌迷思
• 避免過度複雜
台灣氣候的特性
高溫度
高溫度 高濕度
出汗
流汗誘發之皮膚疾患
晶形汗疹 紅色汗疹 膽鹼型蕁麻疹
出汗 出油
愛油三劍客
皮脂
(Seborrhea)
皮屑芽孢菌
痤瘡桿菌 蠕形蟎蟲
愛油三劍客
皮脂
(Seborrhea)
皮屑芽孢菌
痤瘡桿菌 蠕形蟎蟲
誘發免疫反應
愛油三劍客
皮脂
(Seborrhea)
皮屑芽孢菌
痤瘡桿菌 蠕形蟎蟲

脂漏性皮膚炎
愛油三劍客
皮脂
(Seborrhea)
痤瘡桿菌
蠕型蟎蟲 皮屑芽孢菌

青春痘
愛油三劍客
皮脂
(Seborrhea)
蠕型蟎蟲
皮屑芽孢菌 痤瘡桿菌

酒糟
接觸性皮膚炎
JEADV 2019, 33, 2192–2196
JEADV 2019, 33, 2192–2196
美容保養的三大步驟
•清潔 (卸妝)
•保濕
•防曬
美容保養的三大步驟
•清潔 (卸妝)
•保濕
•防曬
出油
出油
空汙
清潔產品的選擇
•根據膚質
•胺基酸洗面乳
•不緊繃、不黏膩
美容保養的三大步驟
•清潔 (卸妝)
•保濕
•防曬
保濕的含意
濕潤劑 (humectant): 包括玻尿酸、膠原蛋白、尿
素、甘油等
潤滑劑 (emollient): 如嬰兒油、綿羊油、凡士林等
保養品的劑型
• 粉狀 (Powder)
• 乳液 (Lotion)
• 凝膠 (Gel)
• 乳霜 (Cream)
• 油膏 (Oil)
成分越簡單越好
保濕的做法與選擇
•針對膚況
•雙層保濕
•吸水加鎖水
美容保養的三大步驟
•清潔 (卸妝)
•保濕
•防曬
為何要防曬
紫外線 A (UVA): 破壞膠原蛋白,導致老化及皺
紋的產生
紫外線 B (UVB): 刺激黑色素分泌增加,導致黑
斑甚至皮膚癌的產生
防曬的迷思
陰天不用防曬 ······························X
只要打傘及帶帽子即可防曬 ············X
防曬乳只要出門前擦一次就夠了·······X
防曬乳之種類與選擇
物理性防曬 化學性防曬
作用
形成隔離層以反射、散射
紫外線
吸收紫外線來達到防
曬效果
成分
Zinc oxide 氧化鋅
Titanium dioxide二氧化鈦
Meroxyl XL, Parsol
1789, Mexoryl 400
優點 可防UVA 及UVB
清爽、透明無色且防
護UVA1
缺點
擦起來較厚不清爽,大多
有顏色且無法防護UVA1
易產生過敏的情形
防曬產品的保護需全面
Mexoryl 400
保護長波紫外光 UVA1
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014;27(5):822-6.
TriAsorB and Tinosorb S
保護長波紫外光 UVA1及可見光
Take home message
• 清潔、保濕、防曬為美容保養三要素
• 面對高濕、高熱環境,保養品選擇宜清爽
• 維護皮膚屏障、減低免疫反應、平衡微生物叢是避
免過敏肌的三大準則也是保養品開發的三大方向

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皮膚保養新觀念 - 2022濕熱氣候美妝產業鏈創新創業論壇