This document summarizes the ingredients and functions of MarkFx Cream, a natural product for preventing and treating stretch marks. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the skin, the causes of stretch marks, and provides an overview of each ingredient in MarkFx Cream including aloe vera juice, squalane oil, grapefruit seed extract, green tea leaf extract, and vitamins A and E. The key functions of the product are to increase skin synthesis and regeneration, promote collagen and elastin production, diminish discoloration and improve skin texture, and reduce the appearance of stretch marks through its potent antioxidant compounds.

1. MarkFx Cream
Natural pathway for prevention and
treatment of stretch marks

2. Skin Anatomy and physiology
 Largest organ in the body
 Varies in thickness at different parts (< 0.5 mm at
eyelids to > 5 mm on middle of upper back)

3. Anatomy Of The Skin
Skin
Dermis Epidermis
Beneath epidermis Outermost layer
Thicker layer Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue

4. Epidermis
 Stratified squamous epithelium
 No blood vessels
 In palms of hand and soles of feet, epidermis is
thicker
 Composed of five layers:
[1] Stratum corneum
[2] Stratum lucidum
[3] Stratum granulosum
[4] Stratum spinosum
[5] Stratum basale

6. Dermis
 True skin
 Highly elastic, tough and flexible tissue
 Meshwork of collagenous, reticular and elastic
fibres
Collagenous Fibres
Provide support for skin
Reticular Fibres
Thinner, yet still provide support
Elastic Fibres
Skin flexibility

7. Cells Of The Dermis
a) Fibroblasts
b) Fat cells
c) Macrophages
Dermis subdivided into two main layers:
{1} Upper papillary layer
{2} Reticular layer

8. [1] Upper Papillary Layer
- Loose connective tissue
- Contain protrusions into epidermis called
“PAPILLAE”
- Fine capillaries to carry waste away + provide
nourishment and oxygen
- Nerve endings for heat, pain, cold, pressure and
touch (Meissner’s corpuscles)
- Double row of papillae better gripping by hands
and feet + distinctive fingerprint patterns

9. [2] Reticular Layer
- Elastic network of tough collagen fibres
interwoven with elastic fibres
- Collagenous fibres arranged in special pattern
- Incisions made parallel to these lines during
surgery wound heals faster
- Contains sebaceous and sweat glands, arrector
pili muscle and hair follicle
- Pacinian corpuscles are distributed through the
dermis and function as pressure receptors
- Stretch marks and pregnancy due to breaks in
collagen and elastic fibres

10. Hypodermis
“Subcutaneous” layer
- Thicker than dermis
- Thicker in females
- Ducts of sweat glands and bases of hair follicles
Area for formation and storage of fat due to:
@ Adipose tissue – containing fat cells
@ Areolar tissue – tissue elasticity

12. Functions Of The Skin
[1] Protection
- Anatomical barrier against infection
- Melanin = screen out excess UV rays
- When melanin is darkened by the tan
transferred to outer skin layers (suntan) skin
less sensitive to sunrays
- Dark skin due to wider distribution of melanin
beyond stratum basale into higher levels of
epidermis

13. Thermoregulation [2]
Skin temperature
Peripheral Thermoreceptors (Skin)
Hypothalamic thermoregulatory integrating centre
Motor neurons Sympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
Skeletal muscle Skin blood vessels Sweat glands
Shivering Skin vasocontriction and vasodilation Sweating
Control of heat production Control of heat loss Control of heat loss

14. [3] Sensory Perception
- Millions of nerve endings
- Receptor for pain, heat and pressure
- Therefore, maintain homeostasis
[4] Excretion
- Excretion of lactic acid and sodium chloride
- Urea (1 g nitrogenous waste eliminated through
skin per hour)

15. [5] Vitamin D Synthesis
Vitamin D precursor (in skin)
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Modification by liver and kidney enzymes
Active vitamin D
Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate through intestine

16. Stretch Marks
Stretch marks (also known as striae distensae) are
white, smooth, linear lesions can be found
anywhere on the body and are related to
stretching of the skin. The most common sites to
be affected by stretch marks include the
breasts, buttocks, thighs and lateral abdomen.
Stretch marks appear to be a type of scarring that
occurs in the dermal layer of the skin, as a result
of an altered healing response and replacement
of collagen. They are separated from the normal
skin by dense collagen bundles.

18. The cause of stretch marks appears to be a
decrease in elastin fibers and fibrillin in the
dermal layer of the skin. This is closely related to
hormonal and physical factors. Stretch marks are
commonly found to affect many people, especially
with conditions such as Cushing's
syndrome, pregnancy and prolonged use of
steroid medications. Common predisposing
circumstances for the devlopment of stretch
marks include; those which involve a physical
stretching of the skin, such as rapid weight gain
or adolescent growth spurts, and others that
involve hormonal changes, such as chronic

19. MarkFx Cream … Pharmacological
overview
Ingredient Active substance Action
Vitamins, minerals,
plant sterols, salcylic
acid, amino acids,
enzymes, sugar, lignins Aloe vera helps to
and more. The deliver oxygen more
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf vitamins in aloe consist efficiently to the skin
Juice of antioxidants A, C and thereby aid
and E, as well as synthesis and strength
thiamine, riboflavin and of the skin tissues. Aloe
B12, choline and folic vera enhances skin
acid. Aloe consists a regeneration and
variety of minerals as prevents the stretch
well including iron, marks from appearing.
chromium, zinc,
copper, manganese,
magnesium, sodium,
potassium and calcium.
It contains also

20. Ingredient Active substance Action
Squalene oil is a
natural part of olive oil
that is extracted. It has
a very strong
Squalane Oil Squalane regenerative property
when you use it on the
skin. It protects and
stimulates the surface
of the skin. As you
probably understand
this ingredient is one of
the most important
since it aids in the
healing of the scars.

21. Ingredient Active substance Action
Flavonoids,ascorbic Grapefruit seeds help
acid (commonly known to promote the skin
as vitamin C), health and the elastin
Citrus Grandis tocopherols, citric acid, production, which
(Grapefruit) Seed limonoids,sterols, and strengthens the skin.
Extract minerals. So not only does this
compound improve the
condition of your
stretching skin, after
the delivery it will also
aid in the contraction of
your skin to its previous
appearance.

22. Ingredient Active substance Action
Polyphenols which
classified as catechins.
Camellia Sinensis Green tea contains six Polyphenols are very
(Green Tea) Leaf primary catechin potent anti-oxidants
Extract compounds: catechin, and likely to slow down
gallaogatechin, the development of
epicatechin, some signs of skin
epigallocatechin, aging and reducing the
epicatechin gallate, and appearance of stretch
apigallocatechin marks.
gallate. Green tea also
contains alkaloids
including caffeine,
theobromine, and
theophylline

23. Ingredient Active substance Action
Centella Asiatica
contains actives known
Centella asiatica Glycosides: to assist the
Extract indocentelloside, development and
brahmoside, metabolism of the
brahminoside, connective tissue and
asiaticoside, stimulate collagen
thankuniside and production. Also
isothankuniside. has anti-oxidant
properties and can
increase wound
healing, improve skin
tone and smoothness.

24. Ingredient Active substance Action
Tocopherols as a Calendula significantly
Calendula Officinalis healing agent. lower tissue damage
Flower Extract Flavonoids, sterols , marker enzymes-
Triterpenoids (oleanolic alkaline phosphatase,
acid) as anti- alanine and aspartate
inflammatory. transaminases .

25. Ingredient Active substance Action
Vitamin A palmitate Vitamin A Vitamin A promotes
repair and maintenance
of the skin

26. Ingredient Active substance Action
It is known as powerful
antioxidant and an
essential ingredients
Tocopherol (Vitamin E) Vitamin E for skin regeneration.
Topical use of Vitamin
E over a certain period
of time can show a
lessening of wrinkles
and lines, and it helps
to reduce the
appearance of stretch
marks.

27. MarkFx Cream … Why?!
 MarkFx Cream increase the syntheses and
regeneration of the skin tissues.
 MarkFx Cream Promote collagen and elastin
production and strengthens the skin.
 MarkFx Cream formula has a potent anti-oxidant
substances.
 MarkFx Cream Diminishes discoloration, improves
texture, enhances softness and reduces the
appearance of stretch marks.
 MarkFx Cream is a natural clinically approved formula
for preventing and treating stretch marks.
 MarkFx Cream is patented and well-studied formula.
 MarkFx Cream is completely safe and cost effective
product.

28. Great Thanks
From
Kena Roots for therapeutic cosmetics
Amman – Jordan
www.kenaroots.webs.com