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1   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Embracing Database Diversity:
                 The New Oracle / MySQL DBA
            Keith Hollman
2           MySQL Principal Sales Consultant EMEA
    Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Safe Harbor Statement
    The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is
    intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated
    into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code,
    or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
    decision. The development, release, and timing of any features or
    functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole
    discretion of Oracle.


3   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Program Agenda

     Today
     When is it appropriate to use one or the other.
     What assumptions do I have to leave behind?
     What assumptions is it safe to bring forward with me?
     What is a storage engine and why should I care?
     What are the equivalent tools MySQL has for monitoring and backup? What are big
      differences from Oracle equivalents?
     What other tools work with MySQL.
     And what about High Availability?
     What is Carrier Grade Edition and why do you call it that? When would I use it?
     What do I need to know about MySQL security?

4   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Today

    • Classic Oracle DBA’s & MySQL DBA’s.
    • Wide ranges of Oracle solutions and doubts appear
      concerning 2 of the most popular databases on the
      planet.
          – Main focus points.
          – Similarities of both RDBMS'.
    • The power of tools
          – Housekeeping & how to make it easier for all.


5   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Overview
    MySQL Server (mysqld_safe  mysqld)
    • my.cnf / my.ini: datadir (db dirs, .frm, .MYD, .MYI) / socket / port / user
      / pid-file.
    Starting | Stopping:
    # mysql.server | /etc/init.d/mysql start | stop

    Accessing:
    # mysql –uroot –ppassword                                              ([client],[mysql] options in
        my.cnf)
    mysql> use sakila;
    mysql> show tables;
7   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
One or the Other…



9   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
When is it appropriate to use one or the
     other.
     • GPL / Opensource / LAMP stack.
     • Enterprise Edition
     • Speed / quick to market vs existing application complexity.
           – Web-based, SaaS / Cloud, customized apps, embedded.
           – High-end Enterprise Packaged apps, ERP, HRMS, CRM, etc.
     • Specific use cases vs “one-size-fits-all”.
           – Offload certain functionalities for specific use: Web, OLTP, BI, etc.
     • TCO: Reduced / limited / unknown budget.
     • Mix: ETL use of both: ODI / GG.

10   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What assumptions is it safe to bring
     forward with me?
     • Standard SQL (S/I/U/D, joins, etc.) …… sql_mode=‘ORACLE’
     • OLTP VLDB, Replication & HA, memory preferred, IO fine tuning, thread conc.
     • Buffers & caches, datatypes, statements & functions.
     • Locks, rollbacks, redo (InnoDB), event logging.
     • Hot non-blocking backup, Monitoring, Thread pool, Security, other features..
     • 1 main configuration / options file.
     • Data flexibility: Export / Import (5.6 RC transportable tablespaces)
     • GUI Tools do exist.
     • Oracle Certified Professional certification path (Dev, DBA, Cluster).
     • My Oracle Support: 1-Stop for Oracle RDBMS Server & MySQL Server.
                                                                            … & some other “nice things to have” (dummy mode, mysqld_safe, …)

11   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What assumptions do I have to leave
     behind?
     • Controlfiles                                                         • Localizations: Charset at DB level.
     • Listener                                                             • .. from DUAL;
     • Replication (X platform)                                             • Commodity Hardware. Scale-out vs
     • User = Schema                                                          scale-up.
     • Install pre-reqs & go-live time.                                     • Lot’s of ‘tablespaces’.
     • A Database instance = Database                                       • Table partitioning vs sharding & Tb
                                                                              per table = Application is db-aware.
     • MySQL Databases to Server
       instance is n:1 (per sw install)                                     • Certified and/or Supported
                                                                              platforms.
     • Multiple .ora’s: tnsnames, sqlnet,..
                                                                            • Technical Comparison.

12   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is a Storage Engine
     and why should I care?
     • Performance, Concurrency, & Locking (careful……).
     • Processing model.
           – Upper tier, mysqld parses & optimizes SQL in order to retrieve / store.
           – Lower tier: Storage Engine dependant.
     • Transparent to the end user.
           – Except: Create | Alter table ENGINE option; Index types; commit/rollback.
     • What IS storage engine dependent:
           – Storage, transactional, locking, BnR, optimization (data retrieval/storing), special
             features.
     • Forks.


13   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is a Storage Engine
     and why should I care? Types.
     • InnoDB (default >5.5.5)
           – OLTP, Referential Integrity, Row Locking, FullText (5.6), crash recoverable, Multiple Buffers &
             Caches.
     • MyISAM (default <5.5.5)
           – .MYD/.MYI portable files, high compression, FullText & GIS search, Fixed row format for
             speed, concurrent inserts, writes precede over selects.
     • MEMORY
           – fast performance, .frm files on disk, fixed length rows, hash & btree indexes, table contents
             temporary*, --init-file.
     • NDB (Cluster)
           – Specific to Cluster: HA, OLTP, replicas, partitions & fragments, server aware, etc.
     • CSV, BLACKHOLE, EXAMPLE, ARCHIVE, MERGE/MRG_MYISAM...

14   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What are the equivalent MySQL tools
     …for monitoring and backup?
     • CLI: mysql, mysqladmin (..shutdown_timeout..), mysqlcheck(c,r,o,a)
       mysqldump (backup), mysqlimport, innochecksum, myisam_ftdump,
       myisamchk, mysqlbinlog, mysqlshow, mysqlhotcopy (MyISAM+unix)…
     • Oracle Packs != MySQL Enterprise Edition Components / Tools.
     • Enterprise Monitor
           – Agent / Server: Query Analyzer / Replication /
     • Enterprise Backup
           – mysqlbackup: Any table-type / auto-locking / full, Incremental / Disk, tape /
             compression / Oracle Secure Backup integration, …
     • Binlog usage (D&R, Replication, auto-purging, viewing ops on a particular
       database, etc.)

15   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What other tools work with MySQL.

     • MySQL Workbench
           –      Server, User & Object administration.
           –      Reverse Engineering of Data models: GUI & Exportable.
           –      Utilities: Migration, Replication admin switch|fail-over (5.6 GTIDs), etc.
           –      Other Admin uses: diskfree, mysqlserverclone, mysqluserclone,
                  mysqldiff...
     • Oracle VM / Oracle Linux (KSplice) HA deployment, templates, etc.
     • CLI cont.: mysqlaccess, mysqlbug, mysqlslap, mysqldumpslow, mysql_zap,
         mysql_convert_table_format, mysql_find_rows, mysql_fix_extensions, ..



16   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What do I need to know about security?

     # mysql –uroot
     mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘root’@’192.168.1.1’ identified by
       ‘password’;
     • mysql_secure_installation script.
     • SSL Keys & Certificates parametrization.
     • Proxy (non GA)
     • Enterprise Security: PAM & External Authentication.
           – LDAP integration.
     • Oracle Secure Backup integration.
     • MEM Security Advisor
17   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
And what about High Availability?
     Overview
     • 5 nine’s: 99.999%
     • Community:
           – MySQL Replication (async & semi-sync) <> Oracle Replication
             • Binlogs (Archivelogs), relay log.
           – MySQL in clustered environments, heartbeats, SAN, etc.
     • Enterprise
           –      Active–Passive: DRBD & Oracle Linux (pacemaker & corosync)
           –      Shared disk (o.s. cluster or virtualization)
           –      Replication & MySQL Utilities (GTIDs, mysqlrpladmin, switchover)
           –      Enterprise Monitor Replication Advisor.
           –      MySQL Cluster Carrier Grade Edition. Shared nothing.

18   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
MySQL Carrier Grade
      Edition


19   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
“I came in contact with every known Indian anarchist in
  London. Their bravery impressed me, but I felt that their
  zeal was misguided. I felt that violence was no remedy
  for India's ills, and that her civilisation required the use of
  a different and higher weapon for self-protection.”
     Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Hind Swaraj 1908.




20   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is Carrier Grade Edition
     Why do you call it that? When would I use it?
     • MySQL Cluster Enterprise Edition / “Carrier Grade” extensively used in Telco
       solutions: HLR, SDP, HSS, AAA, etc.
     • CGE = MySQL Cluster EE <> MySQL in Cluster
     • HA measured in “nine’s”: 99.999%
     • ACID compliant.
     • Shared nothing / Datanodes, Replica’s, Partitions ‘n’ Fragments.
     • Self healing.
     • MySQL Cluster Manager arbitrators.
     • Online: Please don’t use any NF until all nodes have been upgraded.
     • Memcached & NDB API
     • Assign core Cluster component processes to CPU ‘cores’ for speed.
21   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cluster Architecture




22   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cluster Architecture
     Datanodes, Replicas, Node groups, Fragments…




     • More?




23   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                       Table T1
                                                                                                          Data Node 1

  ID       FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                         Px   Partition
                                                                                        P1


                                                                                                          Data Node 2
                                                                                        P2




                                                                                        P3

                                                                                                          Data Node 3

                                                                                        P4




- A partition is portion of a table                                                                       Data Node 4
- Number of partitions = number of data nodes
- Horizontal partitioning




    24   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                        Table T1
                                                                                                           Data Node 1

  ID        FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                          Px   Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                           Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2




                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                           Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4




A fragment is a copy of a partition                                                                        Data Node 4
Number of fragments = # of partitions * # of replicas




    25    Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                         4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                        Table T1
                                                                                                                                   Data Node 1

  ID        FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                               Px     Partition
                                                                                             P1


                                                                                                                                   Data Node 2
                                                                                             P2




                                                                                             P3

                                                                                                                                   Data Node 3

                                                                                             P4




A fragment is a copy of a partition                                                                                                Data Node 4
Number of fragments = # of partitions * # of replicas




    26    Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2




                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4




                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4

                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 27   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                                             F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4




                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4

                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 28   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4




                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4

                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 29   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4




                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4

                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 30   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4                                    F2



                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4

                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 31   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4                                    F2



                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
                                                                                                                                             F2
                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 32   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4                                    F2



                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
                                                                                                                               F4            F2
                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 33   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1


                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4                                    F2            F4



                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
                                                                                                                               F4            F2
                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 34   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                     4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                    Table T1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 1
                                                                                                                               F1            F3
ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                           Px     Partition
                                                                                         P1
                                                                                                                                         Node Group 1
                                                                                                                               Data Node 2
                                                                                         P2
                                                                                                                               F3            F1


                                                                                         P3

                                                                                                                               Data Node 3

                                                                                         P4                                    F2            F4



                                                                                Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
                                                                                                                               F4            F2
                                                                                Fx        Secondary Fragment




 35   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                              4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                             Table T1
                                                                                                                                        Data Node 1
                                                                                                                                        F1            F3
         ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                                    Px     Partition
                                                                                                  P1
                                                                                                                                                  Node Group 1
                                                                                                                                        Data Node 2
                                                                                                  P2
                                                                                                                                        F3            F1


                                                                                                  P3

                                                                                                                                        Data Node 3

                                                                                                  P4                                    F2            F4


                                                                                                                                                  Node Group 2
                                                                                         Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
- Node groups are created automatically
- # of groups = # of data nodes / # of replicas                                                                                         F4            F2
                                                                                         Fx        Secondary Fragment




          36   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                             4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                            Table T1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 1
                                                                                                                                       F1            F3
        ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                                   Px     Partition
                                                                                                 P1
                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 2
                                                                                                 P2
                                                                                                                                       F3            F1


                                                                                                 P3

                                                                                                                                       Data Node 3

                                                                                                 P4                                    F2            F4


                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 2
                                                                                        Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
As long as one data node in each node group
                                                                                                                                       F4            F2
is running we have a complete copy of the                                               Fx        Secondary Fragment
data


         37   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                             4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                            Table T1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 1
                                                                                                                                       F1            F3
        ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                                   Px     Partition
                                                                                                 P1
                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 2
                                                                                                 P2
                                                                                                                                       F3            F1


                                                                                                 P3

                                                                                                                                       Data Node 3

                                                                                                 P4                                    F2            F4


                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 2
                                                                                        Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
As long as one data node in each node group
                                                                                                                                       F4            F2
is running we have a complete copy of the                                               Fx        Secondary Fragment
data


         38   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                             4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                            Table T1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 1
                                                                                                                                       F1            F3
        ID      FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                                   Px     Partition
                                                                                                 P1
                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 1
                                                                                                                                       Data Node 2
                                                                                                 P2
                                                                                                                                       F3            F1


                                                                                                 P3

                                                                                                                                       Data Node 3

                                                                                                 P4                                    F2            F4


                                                                                                                                                 Node Group 2
                                                                                        Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
As long as one data node in each node group
                                                                                                                                       F4            F2
is running we have a complete copy of the                                               Fx        Secondary Fragment
data


         39   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Data Partitioning
                                                                                              4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments
                                             Table T1
                                                                                                                                        Data Node 1
                                                                                                                                        F1            F3
        ID       FirstName                   LastName                   Email         Phone
                                                                                                    Px     Partition
                                                                                                  P1
                                                                                                                                                  Node Group 1
                                                                                                                                        Data Node 2
                                                                                                  P2
                                                                                                                                        F3            F1


                                                                                                  P3

                                                                                                                                        Data Node 3

                                                                                                  P4                                    F2            F4


                                                                                                                                                  Node Group 2
                                                                                         Fx        Primary Fragment                     Data Node 4
- No complete copy of the data
                                                                                                                                        F4            F2
- Cluster shutdowns                                                                      Fx        Secondary Fragment
automatically


          40   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Key Concepts
     • Partition
           – Horizontal partitioning
           – A portion of a table, each partition contains a set of rows
           – Number of partitions = number of data nodes
     • Fragment
           – A copy of a partition
     • Replica
           – A complete copy
             of the data
     • Node Group
           – Created automatically
           – # of groups = # of data nodes / # of replicas
           – As long as there is one data node in each
             node group we have a complete copy of the data

41   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Questions?
                                                               keith.hollman@oracle.com




42   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
My turn to ask…

     • Do you always need a storage                                         • Why would we use the
       engine.                                                                MEMORY storage engine.
     • What is a schema.                                                    • How could we simulate table
     • How could I ‘pretend’ to use an                                        snapshots.
       Oracle type db.                                                      • Other than Cluster, what HA
     • What’s the equivalent of an                                            solutions are there.
       archivelog.                                                          • What’s the difference between
     • Is MySQL open-source.                                                  Community & Enterprise.



43   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Learn More
     • mysql.com
           - MySQL Products and Editions
           - TCO calculator
           - Customer use cases and success stories
     • dev.mysql.com
           - Downloads, Documentation
           - Forums
           - PlanetMySQL
     • eDelivery.oracle.com
           - Download and evaluate all MySQL products
44   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
45   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
46   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Embracing Database Diversity: The New Oracle / MySQL DBA - UKOUG

  • 1. 1 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 2. Embracing Database Diversity: The New Oracle / MySQL DBA Keith Hollman 2 MySQL Principal Sales Consultant EMEA Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decision. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 3 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 4. Program Agenda  Today  When is it appropriate to use one or the other.  What assumptions do I have to leave behind?  What assumptions is it safe to bring forward with me?  What is a storage engine and why should I care?  What are the equivalent tools MySQL has for monitoring and backup? What are big differences from Oracle equivalents?  What other tools work with MySQL.  And what about High Availability?  What is Carrier Grade Edition and why do you call it that? When would I use it?  What do I need to know about MySQL security? 4 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 5. Today • Classic Oracle DBA’s & MySQL DBA’s. • Wide ranges of Oracle solutions and doubts appear concerning 2 of the most popular databases on the planet. – Main focus points. – Similarities of both RDBMS'. • The power of tools – Housekeeping & how to make it easier for all. 5 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 6. Overview MySQL Server (mysqld_safe  mysqld) • my.cnf / my.ini: datadir (db dirs, .frm, .MYD, .MYI) / socket / port / user / pid-file. Starting | Stopping: # mysql.server | /etc/init.d/mysql start | stop Accessing: # mysql –uroot –ppassword ([client],[mysql] options in my.cnf) mysql> use sakila; mysql> show tables; 7 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 7. One or the Other… 9 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 8. When is it appropriate to use one or the other. • GPL / Opensource / LAMP stack. • Enterprise Edition • Speed / quick to market vs existing application complexity. – Web-based, SaaS / Cloud, customized apps, embedded. – High-end Enterprise Packaged apps, ERP, HRMS, CRM, etc. • Specific use cases vs “one-size-fits-all”. – Offload certain functionalities for specific use: Web, OLTP, BI, etc. • TCO: Reduced / limited / unknown budget. • Mix: ETL use of both: ODI / GG. 10 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 9. What assumptions is it safe to bring forward with me? • Standard SQL (S/I/U/D, joins, etc.) …… sql_mode=‘ORACLE’ • OLTP VLDB, Replication & HA, memory preferred, IO fine tuning, thread conc. • Buffers & caches, datatypes, statements & functions. • Locks, rollbacks, redo (InnoDB), event logging. • Hot non-blocking backup, Monitoring, Thread pool, Security, other features.. • 1 main configuration / options file. • Data flexibility: Export / Import (5.6 RC transportable tablespaces) • GUI Tools do exist. • Oracle Certified Professional certification path (Dev, DBA, Cluster). • My Oracle Support: 1-Stop for Oracle RDBMS Server & MySQL Server. … & some other “nice things to have” (dummy mode, mysqld_safe, …) 11 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 10. What assumptions do I have to leave behind? • Controlfiles • Localizations: Charset at DB level. • Listener • .. from DUAL; • Replication (X platform) • Commodity Hardware. Scale-out vs • User = Schema scale-up. • Install pre-reqs & go-live time. • Lot’s of ‘tablespaces’. • A Database instance = Database • Table partitioning vs sharding & Tb per table = Application is db-aware. • MySQL Databases to Server instance is n:1 (per sw install) • Certified and/or Supported platforms. • Multiple .ora’s: tnsnames, sqlnet,.. • Technical Comparison. 12 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 11. What is a Storage Engine and why should I care? • Performance, Concurrency, & Locking (careful……). • Processing model. – Upper tier, mysqld parses & optimizes SQL in order to retrieve / store. – Lower tier: Storage Engine dependant. • Transparent to the end user. – Except: Create | Alter table ENGINE option; Index types; commit/rollback. • What IS storage engine dependent: – Storage, transactional, locking, BnR, optimization (data retrieval/storing), special features. • Forks. 13 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 12. What is a Storage Engine and why should I care? Types. • InnoDB (default >5.5.5) – OLTP, Referential Integrity, Row Locking, FullText (5.6), crash recoverable, Multiple Buffers & Caches. • MyISAM (default <5.5.5) – .MYD/.MYI portable files, high compression, FullText & GIS search, Fixed row format for speed, concurrent inserts, writes precede over selects. • MEMORY – fast performance, .frm files on disk, fixed length rows, hash & btree indexes, table contents temporary*, --init-file. • NDB (Cluster) – Specific to Cluster: HA, OLTP, replicas, partitions & fragments, server aware, etc. • CSV, BLACKHOLE, EXAMPLE, ARCHIVE, MERGE/MRG_MYISAM... 14 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 13. What are the equivalent MySQL tools …for monitoring and backup? • CLI: mysql, mysqladmin (..shutdown_timeout..), mysqlcheck(c,r,o,a) mysqldump (backup), mysqlimport, innochecksum, myisam_ftdump, myisamchk, mysqlbinlog, mysqlshow, mysqlhotcopy (MyISAM+unix)… • Oracle Packs != MySQL Enterprise Edition Components / Tools. • Enterprise Monitor – Agent / Server: Query Analyzer / Replication / • Enterprise Backup – mysqlbackup: Any table-type / auto-locking / full, Incremental / Disk, tape / compression / Oracle Secure Backup integration, … • Binlog usage (D&R, Replication, auto-purging, viewing ops on a particular database, etc.) 15 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 14. What other tools work with MySQL. • MySQL Workbench – Server, User & Object administration. – Reverse Engineering of Data models: GUI & Exportable. – Utilities: Migration, Replication admin switch|fail-over (5.6 GTIDs), etc. – Other Admin uses: diskfree, mysqlserverclone, mysqluserclone, mysqldiff... • Oracle VM / Oracle Linux (KSplice) HA deployment, templates, etc. • CLI cont.: mysqlaccess, mysqlbug, mysqlslap, mysqldumpslow, mysql_zap, mysql_convert_table_format, mysql_find_rows, mysql_fix_extensions, .. 16 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 15. What do I need to know about security? # mysql –uroot mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘root’@’192.168.1.1’ identified by ‘password’; • mysql_secure_installation script. • SSL Keys & Certificates parametrization. • Proxy (non GA) • Enterprise Security: PAM & External Authentication. – LDAP integration. • Oracle Secure Backup integration. • MEM Security Advisor 17 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 16. And what about High Availability? Overview • 5 nine’s: 99.999% • Community: – MySQL Replication (async & semi-sync) <> Oracle Replication • Binlogs (Archivelogs), relay log. – MySQL in clustered environments, heartbeats, SAN, etc. • Enterprise – Active–Passive: DRBD & Oracle Linux (pacemaker & corosync) – Shared disk (o.s. cluster or virtualization) – Replication & MySQL Utilities (GTIDs, mysqlrpladmin, switchover) – Enterprise Monitor Replication Advisor. – MySQL Cluster Carrier Grade Edition. Shared nothing. 18 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 17. MySQL Carrier Grade Edition 19 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 18. “I came in contact with every known Indian anarchist in London. Their bravery impressed me, but I felt that their zeal was misguided. I felt that violence was no remedy for India's ills, and that her civilisation required the use of a different and higher weapon for self-protection.” Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Hind Swaraj 1908. 20 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 19. What is Carrier Grade Edition Why do you call it that? When would I use it? • MySQL Cluster Enterprise Edition / “Carrier Grade” extensively used in Telco solutions: HLR, SDP, HSS, AAA, etc. • CGE = MySQL Cluster EE <> MySQL in Cluster • HA measured in “nine’s”: 99.999% • ACID compliant. • Shared nothing / Datanodes, Replica’s, Partitions ‘n’ Fragments. • Self healing. • MySQL Cluster Manager arbitrators. • Online: Please don’t use any NF until all nodes have been upgraded. • Memcached & NDB API • Assign core Cluster component processes to CPU ‘cores’ for speed. 21 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 20. Cluster Architecture 22 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 21. Cluster Architecture Datanodes, Replicas, Node groups, Fragments… • More? 23 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 22. Automatic Data Partitioning Table T1 Data Node 1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 P3 Data Node 3 P4 - A partition is portion of a table Data Node 4 - Number of partitions = number of data nodes - Horizontal partitioning 24 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 23. Automatic Data Partitioning Table T1 Data Node 1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 P3 Data Node 3 P4 A fragment is a copy of a partition Data Node 4 Number of fragments = # of partitions * # of replicas 25 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 24. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 P3 Data Node 3 P4 A fragment is a copy of a partition Data Node 4 Number of fragments = # of partitions * # of replicas 26 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 25. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 P3 Data Node 3 P4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 Fx Secondary Fragment 27 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 26. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 Fx Secondary Fragment 28 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 27. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 Fx Secondary Fragment 29 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 28. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 Fx Secondary Fragment 30 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 29. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 Fx Secondary Fragment 31 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 30. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 F2 Fx Secondary Fragment 32 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 31. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 F4 F2 Fx Secondary Fragment 33 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 32. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 F4 F2 Fx Secondary Fragment 34 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 33. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 F4 F2 Fx Secondary Fragment 35 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 34. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Node Group 2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 - Node groups are created automatically - # of groups = # of data nodes / # of replicas F4 F2 Fx Secondary Fragment 36 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 35. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Node Group 2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 As long as one data node in each node group F4 F2 is running we have a complete copy of the Fx Secondary Fragment data 37 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 36. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Node Group 2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 As long as one data node in each node group F4 F2 is running we have a complete copy of the Fx Secondary Fragment data 38 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 37. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Node Group 2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 As long as one data node in each node group F4 F2 is running we have a complete copy of the Fx Secondary Fragment data 39 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 38. Automatic Data Partitioning 4 Partitions * 2 Replicas = 8 Fragments Table T1 Data Node 1 F1 F3 ID FirstName LastName Email Phone Px Partition P1 Node Group 1 Data Node 2 P2 F3 F1 P3 Data Node 3 P4 F2 F4 Node Group 2 Fx Primary Fragment Data Node 4 - No complete copy of the data F4 F2 - Cluster shutdowns Fx Secondary Fragment automatically 40 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 39. Key Concepts • Partition – Horizontal partitioning – A portion of a table, each partition contains a set of rows – Number of partitions = number of data nodes • Fragment – A copy of a partition • Replica – A complete copy of the data • Node Group – Created automatically – # of groups = # of data nodes / # of replicas – As long as there is one data node in each node group we have a complete copy of the data 41 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 40. Questions? keith.hollman@oracle.com 42 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 41. My turn to ask… • Do you always need a storage • Why would we use the engine. MEMORY storage engine. • What is a schema. • How could we simulate table • How could I ‘pretend’ to use an snapshots. Oracle type db. • Other than Cluster, what HA • What’s the equivalent of an solutions are there. archivelog. • What’s the difference between • Is MySQL open-source. Community & Enterprise. 43 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 42. Learn More • mysql.com - MySQL Products and Editions - TCO calculator - Customer use cases and success stories • dev.mysql.com - Downloads, Documentation - Forums - PlanetMySQL • eDelivery.oracle.com - Download and evaluate all MySQL products 44 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 43. 45 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 44. 46 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.