The Chicago Manual of Style is a style guide created in 1891 by the University of Chicago Press to provide uniform formatting standards for academic papers. It addresses topics like title pages, page numbers, margins, capitalization rules, citations, footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. Though initially created for history papers, it has been adopted by many humanities disciplines. The manual provides detailed guidelines for formatting references to various source types like books, articles, websites, and more in a consistent citation style. It remains the authoritative reference for many academic papers and publications.

1. The Chicago Manual of Style
(CMS)

2.  1891 University of Chicago Press opened
 University of Chicago Press - Scholars’ bad
handwriting needed uniform structure, etc.
 Started as pamphlet
 1906 (Oldest Style Guide)

3.  Used to uniformly format papers and
document sources
 Was not made with any specific discipline in
mind
 Adopted primarily by the History community
& some humanities

4.  Title Page
 Page Numbers
 Margins & Line Spacing
 When to Capitalize in a
Title
 Titles in the Paper
 Long Quotes
 Visuals
 Endnotes
 Footnotes
 Bibliography

5.  Full title of your paper
 Your name
 Course title
 Instructor’s name
 The date

6.  Title
 Name
 Class,
Instructor,
& Date

7.  Arabic Numerals
 Upper right hand corner
 Don’t number the title page
 First page after title page is
page 2
 Putting the title or your
name with the page number
up to the instructor.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

8.  Left align
 Double spaced
 At least 1 inch margins all around

9.  Capitalize all words except:
◦ Articles (a, an, the)
◦ Prepositions (at, from, between, and so on)
◦ Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for,
so, yet)
◦ To and as — unless one of these words is first or
last in the title or subtitle.

10.  Italicize:
◦ Books
◦ Other long works
 Quotation marks:
◦ Periodical articles
◦ Short stories
◦ Poems
◦ Other short works.

11.  What is a long quote?
◦ 5 to 10 lines are optional
◦ 10 or more lines are not optional
 What do you do with a long quote?
◦ Indent half an inch from the left margin
◦ Double space
◦ Do not use quotation marks

12. Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

13.  What is a visual?
◦ Tables
◦ Illustrations (Figures)
 Drawings
 Photographs
 Maps
 Charts

14.  How do you label a visual?
◦ Tables
 Table #
 Clear Title
 Label and Title on separate lines above
 Source underneath
◦ Illustrations (Figures)
 Label and Caption underneath

15.  Chicago Style’s version of in text citations
 Footnotes: bottom page citation is on
 Endnotes: new page between paper and
bibliography
 Footnotes OR Endnotes, avoid using both

16.  New page at the end of the paper (before
Bib.)
 Center the title Notes at the top of the page
 Continue the page number from the paper
 Indent the first line of each note half an inch

17.  Don’t indent second line
 Start with the number that matches the
number in the text
 Put a period after the number
 Single-space each note and double-space
between notes

18. Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

19.  Bottom of page of citation
 Indent the first line of each note half an inch
 Don’t indent second line
 Start with the number that matches the number in the
text
 Put a period after the number
 Single-space each note and double-space between
notes

20. Make sure the cursor is
where you want your note.

21.  Center Bibliography at the top of the page
 Page numbers continue from the paper
 Alphabetize entries by author’s last name
 When there is no author, use the first word in
the title other than A, An, or The

22.  If 2 or more entries share an author, use 6
hyphens (-) instead of the name for the work
after the first citation
 Start each entry at the left margin
 Indent any additional lines half an inch
 Single-space each entry and double-space
between entries

23. Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

24.  Direct quotes
 Paraphrased material
 Statistics
 Anything that is not considered common
knowledge (If random hallway dwellers don’t
know it, cite it.)

25.  Source type
◦ Note format
◦ Note Example
◦ Bibliography format
◦ Bibliography Example

26.  Note:
1. First name, Last,Title (City of Pub: Publisher, Year of
Pub).
1. Ryan Rosenbrock, Why I’m Awesome (New York:
FictionPub, 2012).
 Citation:
Last name, First. Title. City of Pub: Publisher, Year of Pub.
Rosenbrock, Ryan. Why I’m Awesome. New York:
FictionPub, 2012.

27.  Note:
6. Title (City of Pub, Year of Pub), Page.
6. Who Puts Their Own Name in a Workshop?
(Hammond, 2012), 2.
 Citation:
Title. City of Pub, Year of Pub.
Who Puts Their Own Name in a Workshop?.
Hammond, 2012.

28.  Note:
4. 1st Author and 2nd Author, Title (City of Pub: Publisher,
Year of Pub), Page.
4. Chris Stringer and Peter Andrews, The Complete World
of Human Evolution (London: Thames and Hudson, 2005), 45.
 Citation:
Last Name, First Name, and 2nd Author. Title. City of Pub:
Publisher, Year of Pub.
Stringer, Chris, and Peter Andrews.The Complete World of
Human Evolution. London: Thames and Hudson, 2005.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

29.  Note:
4. 1st Author et al., Title (City of Pub: Publisher, Year
of Pub), Page.
4. Ryan Rosenbrock et al., How to Fake a Title
(Springfield: Bookmakers, 2012), 16.
 Citation:
Last Name, First Name, 2nd Author, 3rd Author, 4th
Author, and 5th Author. Title. City of Pub: Publisher,
Year of Pub.
Rosenbrock, Ryan, Steven Smith, John Jackson, Justin Willis,
and Janet Jetson. How to Fake a Title. Springfield:
Bookmakers, 2012.

30.  Note:
20. Matt. 20:4-9 (Revised Standard Version).
20. Qur’an 18:1-3.
 Citation:
Sacred texts are usually not included in the
bibliography.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

31.  Note:
10. Author, Title, trans. Translator (Place of Pub:
Publisher, Year of Pub), Page.
10. Tonino Guerra, Abandoned Places, trans.
Adria Bernardi (Barcelona: Guernica, 1999), 71.
 Citation:
Author Last, First name. Title. Translated by
Translator. Place of Pub: Publisher, Year of Pub.
Guerra, Tonino. Abandoned Places. Translated by Adria
Bernardi. Barcelona: Guernica, 1999.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

32.  Note:
11. Author, Title, Edition. (City, State of Pub:
Publisher, Year of Pub), Page.
11. Ryan Rosenbrock, Memoires of a Gamer, 15th
Ed. (Hammond, IN: GamerBooks, 2012), 85.
 Citation:
Last Name, First. Title. Edition. City, State of Pub:
Publisher, Year of Pub.
Rosenbrock, Ryan. Memoires of a Gamer. 15th Ed.
Hammond, IN: GamerBooks, 2012.

33.  Note:
5. Organization, Title (City, State of Pub:
Publisher, Year of Pub), Page.
5. Pay Attention, This is Important Stuff (Denver,
Colorado: Learn To Format Books, 2012), 956.
 Citation:
Organization. Title. City, State of Pub: Publisher, Year
of Pub.
Pay Attention. This is Important Stuff. Denver,
Colorado: Learn To Format Books, 2012.

34.  Note:
28. Author, “Title,” Newspaper, Date Published,
Section.
28. Ryan C. Rosenbrock, “How to Develop Mind
Control,” R News, September 31, 2012, sec. B.
 Citation:
Author Last, First. “Title.” Newspaper, Date Published,
Section.
Rosenbrock, Ryan C. “How to Develop Mind Control,” R
News, September 31, 2012, sec. B.

35.  Note:
25. Author, “Title,” Magazine, Date of Pub, Page.
25. Ryan Rosenbrock, “The Secret to Eternal Life,”
The Fountain, August 1614, 2.
 Citation:
Author Last, First. “Title.” Magazine, Date of Pub,
Pages.
Rosenbrock, Ryan. “The Secret to Eternal Life.” The
Fountain, August 1614, 2-4.

36.  Note:
22. Author, “Title,” Journal volume, issue (year):
page.
22. R. C. Rosenbrock, “The History of Computers,”
Journal of Stuff Ryan Knows 72, no. 6 (2013): 285.
 Citation:
Author Last, First. “Title” Journal volume, issue (year):
pages.
Rosenbrock, R. C. “The History of Computers” Journal of
Stuff Ryan Knows 72, no. 6 (2013): 280-8.

37.  Note:
34. Website Title, Sponsor, last modified date, URL.
34. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical
Park, National Park Service, last modified April 9, 2010,
http://www.nps.gov/choh/index.htm.
 Citation:
Website Title. Sponsor. Last modified date. URL.
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.
NationalPark Service. Last modified April 9, 2010.
http://www.nps.gov/choh/index.htm.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

38.  Note:
37. Author, “Entry Title,” Blog Title, URL.
37. Miland Brown, “The Flawed Montevideo Convention of
1933,” World History Blog,
http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2008/05/flawed-
montevideo-convention-of-1933.html.
 Citation:
Author Last, First. “Entry Title.” Blog Title. URL.
Brown, Miland. “The Flawed Montevideo Convention of 1933.”
World History Blog. http://www.worldhistoryblog.com
/2008/05/flawed-montevideo-convention-of-1933.html.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

39.  Note:
45. Title, directed by Director (year released; city, state of
pub: publisher, year cited), medium.
45. The Secret of Roan Inish, directed by John Sayles
(1993; Culver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Video, 2000),
DVD.
 Citation:
Title, directed by Director. Year released; city, state of pub:
Publisher, year of pub. medium.
The Secret of Roan Inish, directed by John Sayles.1993; Culver
City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Video, 2000. DVD.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

40.  Note:
42. Person Involved, medium, date.
42. Sara Lehman, e-mail message to author,
August 13, 2009.
 Citation:
Personal communications are not included in the
bibliography.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

41.  Note:
40. Government Agency, Title (City, State: Year), page.
40. U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the
United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1943 (Washington, DC:
GPO, 1965), 562.
 Citation:
Government Agency, Title. City, State: Year.
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the
United States: Diplomatic Papers,1943. Washington,
DC: GPO, 1965.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

42. Bedford/St. Martin’s Research and Documentation
Online
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch10_s1-0001.html
Purdue OWL
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/
The Chicago Manual of Style (Printed) 16th Ed.
The Chicago Manual of Style Online (requires a
subscription to use some pages)
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html

43.  Jade Lynch-Greenberg
◦ Motivation and Valuable Feedback
 Prof. Saul Lerner
◦ Clarification of Style Rules